|
Index to
Doukhobor Ship Lists
Ship passenger
lists constitute the official record of Doukhobor immigration to Canada.
Compiled on board by the ship's purser and examined by customs and immigration
authorities upon arrival, they are important sources of information about our
Doukhobor immigrant ancestors. With few exceptions,
the Doukhobors arrived in Canada in four distinct waves in 1898-1899, 1902-1906,
1909-1914 and 1925-1930. The following index compiled by Jonathan J. Kalmakoff
contains known ship passenger
lists for each of these periods.
Index
--
1898-1899 -
1902-1906
-
1909-1914 -
1925-1930
Arrivals in 1898-1899
The
first (and by far the largest) wave of Doukhobor immigration took place
in 1898 - 1899 when over 7,500 Doukhobors from the Caucasus sailed from
the Black Sea port of Batum to the Canadian ports of Quebec and Halifax.
These chartered trans-Atlantic voyages were funded by Russian novelist Count Leo
Tolstoy and by the Society of Friends (Quakers) in England and America.
It was the largest mass migration in Canadian history.
Ship |
Line |
Departure
Port |
Departure |
Arrival
Port |
Arrival |
Passengers |
Microfilm |
Vancouver |
Dominion |
Liverpool |
01
Sep 1898 |
Quebec |
10
Sep 1898 |
10/357 |
C-4542 |
Lake
Huron * |
Beaver |
Batum |
23
Dec 1898 |
Halifax |
23
Jan 1899 |
2,140 |
C-4519 |
Lake
Superior
* |
Beaver |
Batum |
04
Jan 1899 |
Halifax |
27
Jan 1899 |
1,997 |
C-4519 |
Lake
Superior |
Beaver |
Larnaca |
18
Apr 1899 |
Quebec |
09
May 1899 |
1,036 |
C-4542 |
Lake
Huron |
Beaver |
Batum |
12
May 1899 |
Quebec |
06
Jun 1899 |
2,286 |
C-4542 |
Lake
Superior |
Beaver |
Liverpool |
08
Jul 1899 |
Quebec |
20
Jul 1899 |
56/670 |
C-4542 |
Dominion |
Dominion |
Liverpool |
08
Dec 1899 |
Halifax |
18
Dec 1899 |
1/194 |
T-494 |
*Note:
these ship passenger lists are incomplete. See notes below for details.
Arrivals in 1902-1906
A second wave of
Doukhobor immigration took place in 1902 - 1906. During this time, over 260
Doukhobors took coastal ships from Russia to Western European ports, where they boarded transatlantic ships bound
for Canada. These were Doukhobors detained in Russia until their terms of exile
or military service had expired. These voyages were funded by the Doukhobor
community in Canada.
Ship |
Line |
Departure
Port |
Departure |
Arrival
Port |
Arrival |
Passengers |
Microfilm |
Ionian |
Allan |
Liverpool |
26
Dec 1901 |
St.
Johns |
05
Jan 1902 |
11/106 |
T-505 |
Furst
Bismark |
Hamburg
America |
Hamburg |
02
Aug 1902 |
New
York |
16
Aug 1902 |
1/358 |
NARA
T715-293 |
Lake
Ontario |
Elder
Dempster |
Liverpool |
30
Sep 1902 |
Quebec |
10
Oct 1902 |
2/678 |
T-481 |
Lake
Champlain |
Elder
Dempster |
Liverpool |
03
Dec 1902 |
St.
Johns |
12
Dec 1902 |
1/845 |
T-505 |
Blucher |
Hamburg
America |
Hamburg |
05 Aug 1903 |
New York |
16 Aug 1903 |
1/573 |
NARA 497 |
Ionian |
Allan |
Liverpool |
04
Feb 1904 |
Halifax |
13
Feb 1904 |
4/260 |
T-497 |
Lake
Erie |
Allan |
Liverpool |
16
Feb 1904 |
St.
Johns |
29
Feb 1904 |
2/594 |
T-505 |
Belgravia |
Hamburg
America |
Hamburg |
25 Mar 1904 |
New York |
10 Apr 1904 |
3/900 |
NARA
T715-445 |
Umbria |
Cunard |
Liverpool |
23 Jul 1904 |
New York |
31 Jul 1904 |
4/1,350 |
NARA
T715-480 |
Lake
Erie |
Allan |
Liverpool |
11
Aug 1904 |
Quebec |
21
Aug 1904 |
3/608 |
T-482 |
Bremen |
North
German
Lloyd |
Bremen |
18 Aug 1904 |
New
York |
30
Aug 1904 |
1/1,519 |
NARA
T715-489 |
Bavarian |
Allan |
Liverpool |
25
Aug 1904 |
Quebec |
02 Sep 1904 |
3/1,148 |
T-483 |
Montezuma |
Canadian
Pacific |
Antwerp |
25
Aug 1904 |
Quebec |
07 Sep 1904 |
3/116 |
T-483 |
Mount
Temple |
Canadian
Pacific |
Antwerp |
27
Oct 1904 |
Quebec |
09
Nov 1904 |
1/566 |
T-484 |
Corinthian |
Allan |
Liverpool |
25 Nov 1904 |
Halifax |
05 Dec 1904 |
1/318 |
T-498 |
La
Bretagne |
French |
Le
Havre |
08
May 1905 |
New
York |
22
May 1905 |
16/1,060 |
NARA
T715-577 |
Southwark |
Dominion |
Liverpool |
31
Aug 1905 |
Quebec |
09
Sep 1905 |
182/649 |
T-485 |
Dominion |
Dominion |
Liverpool |
07
Sep 1905 |
Quebec |
17
Sep 1905 |
3/521 |
T-485 |
Sarmatian |
Allan |
London |
09
Oct 1905 |
Quebec |
20
Oct 1905 |
2/95 |
T-486 |
Canada |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
26
Oct 1905 |
Quebec |
04 Nov 1905 |
4/319 |
T-486 |
La
Savoie |
French |
Le
Havre |
29
Oct 1905 |
New
York |
11
Nov 1905 |
10/1,055 |
T-513 |
Amerika |
Hamburg
America |
Hamburg |
20 Jun 1906 |
New York |
01 Jul 1906 |
2/1,410 |
T-518 |
Friedrick
Der
Grosse |
North
German
Lloyd |
Bremen |
08
Dec 1906 |
New
York |
20
Dec 1906 |
18/21 |
T-518 |
Saint
Louis |
American |
Southampton |
09
Feb 1907 |
New
York |
17
Feb 1907 |
6/1,370 |
T-518 |
Arrivals in 1909-1914
The
third major wave of Doukhobor immigration took place between 1909 and 1914.
During this time, over 870 Doukhobors from the Caucasus took coastal ships
from mainland Russia to Western European ports. There they boarded trans-Atlantic
ships bound for Canada. This wave was prompted by fear of conscription
in the impending war between Germany and Russia.
Ship |
Line |
Departure
Port |
Departure |
Arrival
Port |
Arrival |
Passengers |
Microfilm |
America |
La
Veloce |
Naples |
30
Jun 1909 |
New
York |
13
Jul 1909 |
21/2,650 |
T-4699 |
Kaiserin
Auguste
Victoria |
Hamburg
America |
Hamburg |
04
Nov 1909 |
New
York |
13
Nov 1909 |
1/2,996 |
T-4699 |
Corsican |
Allan |
Liverpool |
16
Jun 1910 |
Quebec |
23
Jun 1910 |
45/1,527 |
T-4768 |
Montfort |
Canadian
Pacific |
Antwerp |
15
Jun 1910 |
Quebec |
25
Jun 1910 |
2/543 |
T-4768 |
Prinz
Adalbert |
Canada |
Hamburg |
10
Jun 1910 |
Quebec |
27
Jun 1910 |
85/1,443 |
T-4768 |
Tunisian |
Allan |
Liverpool |
30
Jun 1910 |
Quebec |
08
Jul 1910 |
3/1,135 |
T-4769 |
Tunisian |
Allan |
Liverpool |
15 Dec 1910 |
Halifax |
24 Dec 1910 |
2/258 |
T-4738 |
Campanello |
Uranium |
Rotterdam |
15 Dec 1910 |
Halifax |
27 Dec 1910 |
7/152 |
T-4738 |
Montfort |
Canadian
Pacific |
Antwerp |
08
Feb 1911 |
St.
Johns |
20
Feb 1911 |
29/355 |
T-4823 |
Pisa |
Canada |
Hamburg |
17
Apr 1911 |
Quebec |
02
May 1911 |
19/875 |
T-4774 |
Albania |
Cunard |
Southampton |
02
May 1911 |
Quebec |
16
May 1911 |
11/539 |
T-4775 |
Royal
George |
Canadian
Northern |
Bristol |
17
May 1911 |
Quebec |
24
May 1911 |
16/793 |
T-4776 |
Ausonia |
Cunard |
Southampton |
16
May 1911 |
Quebec |
26
May 1911 |
6/1,073 |
T-4776 |
Canada |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
03
Jun 1911 |
Quebec |
11
Jun 1911 |
63/1,261 |
T-4777 |
Laurentic |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
10
Jun 1911 |
Quebec |
17
Jun 1911 |
1/1,145 |
T-4777 |
Teutonic |
White
Star |
Southampton |
17
Jun 1911 |
Quebec |
25
Jun 1911 |
3/704 |
T-4778 |
Barcelona |
Hamburg
America |
Hamburg |
30
Jun 1911 |
Quebec |
12
Jul 1911 |
207/722 |
T-4778 |
Canada |
White Star |
Liverpool |
29 Jul 1911 |
Quebec |
06 Aug 1911 |
1/997 |
T-4779 |
Pisa |
Canada |
Hamburg |
23
Oct 1911 |
Quebec |
11
Nov 1911 |
9/544 |
T-4783 |
Lake
Erie |
Allan |
Glasgow |
16
Dec 1911 |
Halifax |
26
Dec 1911 |
4/164 |
T-4741 |
Grampian |
Allan |
Liverpool |
22
Dec 1911 |
Halifax |
30
Dec 1911 |
13/392 |
T-4741 |
Californian |
Leyland |
Liverpool |
05
Apr 1912 |
Boston |
19
Apr 1912 |
6 |
T-4692 |
Megantic |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
27
Apr 1912 |
Quebec |
06
May 1912 |
6/1,643 |
T-4784 |
Ultonia |
Cunard |
Southampton |
23
Apr 1912 |
Halifax |
06
May 1912 |
140/1,929 |
T-4744 |
Ascania |
Cunard |
Southampton |
02
May 1912 |
Quebec |
14
May 1912 |
2/1,205 |
T-4785 |
Ausonia |
Cunard |
Southampton |
16
May 1912 |
Quebec |
26
May 1912 |
18/816 |
T-4785 |
Laurentic |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
08
Jun 1912 |
Quebec |
15
Jun 1912 |
4/1,145 |
T-4787 |
Canada |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
15
Jun 1912 |
Quebec |
24
Jun 1912 |
75/1,043 |
T-4787 |
Ausonia |
Cunard |
Southampton |
28
Jun 1912 |
Quebec |
05
Jul 1912 |
15/676 |
T-4788 |
Teutonic |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
29
Jun 1912 |
Quebec |
06
Jul 1912 |
6/766 |
T-4788 |
Laurentic |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
06
Jul 1912 |
Quebec |
14
Jul 1912 |
35/800 |
T-4788 |
Royal
George |
Canadian
Northern |
Bristol |
10
Jul 1912 |
Quebec |
17
Jul 1912 |
4/1,084 |
T-4788 |
Canada |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
13
Jul 1912 |
Quebec |
22
Jul 1912 |
3/645 |
T-4789 |
Royal
Edward |
Canadian
Northern |
Avonmouth |
24
Jul 1912 |
Quebec |
31
Jul 1912 |
5/1,030 |
T-4789 |
Teutonic |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
27
Jul 1912 |
Quebec |
03
Aug 1912 |
10/992 |
T-4789 |
Canada |
White
Star |
Liverpool |
10
Aug 1912 |
Quebec |
19
Aug 1912 |
3/1,235 |
T-4790 |
Ionian |
Allan |
London |
06 Nov
1912 |
Quebec |
18 Nov
1912 |
1/274 |
T-4794 |
Royal
Edward |
Canadian
Northern |
Bristol |
11 Nov 1912 |
Halifax |
19 Nov 1912 |
1/446 |
T-4745 |
Czar |
Russian
American |
Libau |
17
Jul 1914 |
New
York |
29
Jul 1914 |
1/353 |
T-4721 |
Arrivals in 1925-1930
Doukhobor
immigration to Canada decreased substantially with the outbreak of the Great War
in 1914. It was halted altogether on June 9, 1919 when the Parliament of
Canada passed Order-in-Council P.C. 1204 prohibiting the landing in Canada
of any Doukhobor, Hutterite or Mennonite because of their "peculiar habits,
modes of life and methods of holding property". By the time the Order was
repealed on March 1, 1925, the Soviet regime had placed rigid restrictions
on emigration outside the U.S.S.R. The trickle of immigration which followed
was largely limited to Returning Canadians and members of the Verigin family.
Ship |
Line |
Departure
Port |
Departure |
Arrival
Port |
Arrival |
Passengers |
Microfilm |
Canopic |
White Star |
Bremen |
10 Nov 1922 |
New York |
22 Nov 1922 |
2/1,300 |
NARA
T715-3220 |
Antonia |
Cunard |
Southampton |
06 Jun 1924 |
Quebec |
13 Jun 1924 |
1/1,700 |
T-15160 |
Cameronia |
Anchor |
Glasgow |
13 Dec 1924 |
Halifax |
23 Dec 1924 |
12/1,365 |
NARA
T715-3588 |
Arabic |
White Star |
Southampton |
09 Feb 1925 |
Halifax |
17 Feb 1925 |
1/1,700 |
T-14801 |
Ausonia |
Cunard |
Southampton |
19 Feb 1925 |
Halifax |
01 Mar 1925 |
1/1,037 |
T-14801 |
Empress of
Scotland |
Canadian
Pacific |
Southampton |
02 May 1925 |
Quebec |
09 May 1925 |
1/2,466 |
T-14715 |
Mauretania |
Cunard |
Southampton |
08
Dec 1925 |
New
York |
14
Dec 1925 |
3/1,756 |
T-15224 |
Western
World |
Munson |
Buenos
Aires |
29 Jul
1926 |
New York |
17 Aug
1926 |
5/560 |
NARA
T715-3905 |
Montclare |
Canadian
Pacific |
Liverpool |
12
Nov 1926 |
Quebec |
20
Nov 1926 |
1/1,168 |
T-14729 |
Andania |
Cunard |
Liverpool |
24 Jun
1927 |
Quebec |
03 Jul
1927 |
1/1,706 |
T-14734 |
Berengaria |
Cunard |
Southampton |
10
Sep 1927 |
New
York |
16
Sep 1927 |
1/4,594 |
T-14931 |
La
Bourdonnais |
French |
Bordeaux |
15
Sep 1927 |
Halifax |
25
Sep 1927 |
7/43 |
T-14811 |
La
Bourdonnais |
French |
Bordeaux |
23 Jun 1928 |
Halifax |
03 Jul 1928 |
4/500 |
T-14815 |
Aquitania |
Cunard |
Southampton |
30
Jun 1928 |
Halifax |
07
Jul 1928 |
2/3,263 |
T-14815 |
Roussillon |
French |
Bordeaux |
07
Jul 1928 |
Halifax |
17
Jul 1928 |
79/241 |
T-14815 |
Duchess
of
Bedford |
Canadian
Pacific |
Liverpool |
27
Jul 1928 |
Quebec |
02
Aug 1928 |
1/836 |
T-14746 |
Suffren |
French |
Le
Havre |
26
Jul 1928 |
Halifax |
03
Aug 1928 |
19/183 |
T-14816 |
La
Bourdonnais |
French |
Bordeaux |
18
Aug 1928 |
Halifax |
28
Aug 1928 |
16/500 |
T-14816 |
Roussillon |
French |
Bordeaux |
15
Sep 1928 |
Halifax |
25
Sep 1928 |
9/69 |
T-14816 |
Paris |
French |
Le Havre |
24 Oct 1928 |
New York |
30 Oct 1928 |
4/2,145 |
NARA
T715-4374 |
Roussillon |
French |
Le
Havre |
27
Mar 1930 |
Halifax |
08
Apr 1930 |
2/130 |
T-14825 |
Roussillon |
French |
Bordeaux |
15
Jul 1930 |
Halifax |
26
Jul 1930 |
1/65 |
T-14826 |
Notes
Definitions
-
Purser.
Ship's officer in charge of provisions, dispatches, accounts and compiling
passenger lists. The purser compiled the passenger list during the voyage.
Passengers were typically listed alphabetically, by ticket number, or in the order
in which they boarded the ship.
-
Quarantine.
Originally when a ship arriving in port was suspected of being infected
with an infectious disease, its cargo and crew were obliged to forego all
contact with the shore for a period of several days to several weeks, depending
on the disease. Following a general medical examination, ship, passenger
and cargo were fumigated and disinfected. Passengers were also vaccinated.
Hundreds of Doukhobor immigrants were quarantined at the Immigration Stations
at Grosse Isle, Quebec and Lawlor's Island, Nova Scotia to isolate and
prevent the spread of small pox, measles and diphtheria. Several Doukhobors
died in quarantine.
Note that no general quarantine records
exist separate from
ship passenger lists. However, some hospitalization records exist for those passengers
who were hospitalized while in quarantine. For microfilm copies of Grosse lsle Quarantine Hospital
and Quebec Immigration Hospital records, see National Archives of Canada
RG 29, Vol. 768, File 412-12-19. See also the
Index of Doukhobors in the Grosse Isle Hospital Registers
for an online index of Doukhobor passengers hospitalized while in quarantine at
the Grosse Isle Quarantine Station.
-
Steerage.
With few exceptions, the Doukhobors sailed to Canada in steerage class.
The term "steerage" was synonymous with the hardships of trans-Atlantic
emigration as passengers were packed into dangerous quarters and each was
allotted a small berth that served as bed and storage place. It was the
only class most Doukhobor emigrants could afford and was literally next
to the ship�s steering equipment, below the water line.
Ports of Departure
In 1899, Doukhobors in
the Caucasus and Cyprus departed from the ports of Batum and Larnaca,
respectively. After 1899, Doukhobor immigrants took coastal ships from mainland
Russia to Western European ports, where they boarded trans-Atlantic ships bound
for Canada. Most departed through the English ports of Liverpool, Southampton,
Bristol, Avonmouth, Glasgow and London. Some Doukhobor immigrants departed
through the German ports of Hamburg and Bremen. Still others departed through
the French ports of Bordeaux and Le Havre, the Dutch port of Rotterdam, the
Flemish port of Antwerp or the Italian port of Naples. The number of Doukhobor passengers
that departed from each port is as follows:
Port of Departure |
Passengers |
%
of Total |
Batum |
6,423 |
72.6 |
Larnaca |
1,036 |
11.7 |
Liverpool |
509 |
5.6 |
Hamburg |
328 |
3.7 |
Southampton |
211 |
2.3 |
Bordeaux |
116 |
1.2 |
Le Havre |
51 |
.53 |
Antwerp |
35 |
.39 |
Bremen |
21 |
.23 |
Naples |
21 |
.23 |
Bristol |
21 |
.22 |
Glasgow |
16 |
-- |
Rotterdam |
7 |
.07 |
Avonmouth |
5 |
.05 |
Buenos Aires |
5 |
-- |
London |
3 |
.02 |
Libau |
1 |
.01 |
Ports of Entry
Halifax, open year-round,
was the most frequently-used port of entry by Doukhobor immigrants arriving in
Canada. The next most-used
port was Quebec, which was open from May to November. The port of St. Johns also welcomed Doukhobor immigrants, but at much lower
levels. Not all immigrants bound for Canada came through Canadian ports. Some
Doukhobor immigrants arrived through the American ports of New York and Boston,
spending their first few days in North America travelling through the United
States en route to Canada. The number of Doukhobor passengers
that arrived at each port of entry is as follows:
Port of Entry |
Passengers |
%
of Total |
Halifax |
4,469 |
50.3 |
Quebec |
4,257 |
48.1 |
New York |
99 |
.98 |
St. Johns |
43 |
.48 |
Boston |
6 |
.06 |
Information Contained in Records
In 1899, ship passenger lists provided the following information for each
passenger: date of embarkation, name, age, gender, whether a head of a household
on board, number persons in the family, profession, calling or occupation,
nation or country of birth, births at sea, deaths, place of ultimate
destination. The amount of information required by the government increased over
the years. By 1918, the forms generally included for each passenger: amount of
money in hand, name, age, gender, marital status, previous time in Canada and
details, intention to settle, ability to read and write, country of birth, race
of people, destination (post office and province), occupation in old country,
intended occupation in Canada, past work as a farmer or labourer, religious
denomination, means to travel inland.
Passenger lists may also include various
markings markings, codes, and annotations written beside each passenger. For
example, such annotations may indicate if the passenger was deported, detailed,
quarantined or hospitalized.
Accuracy of Information
Ship
passenger lists may contain false and misleading data. For example, patronymics
or family nicknames are sometimes recorded instead of official surnames.
In some lists, the nationality of Doukhobor passengers is mistakenly recorded
as Polish or German. In other lists, the religion of Doukhobor passengers
is mistakenly recorded as Russian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic,
Greek Catholic or Jewish. All passenger list information should be cross-referenced
with other material to confirm accuracy.
Completeness
of Records The
ship passenger lists for over 3,200 Doukhobor immigrants are missing or incomplete.
In particular, the passenger list for the S.S. Lake Huron, which arrived
in Halifax on January 10, 1899, was lost in Winnipeg, Manitoba by Immigration
Branch officials and is presumed destroyed. Also, the ship's purser on
board the S.S. Lake Superior, which arrived in Halifax on February 17,
1899, recorded only 899 of the 1,997 Doukhobor passengers.
If
your Doukhobor family immigrated to Canada in 1899 but does not appear in the ship
passenger lists above, then by process of elimination, they probably sailed
aboard the first voyage of the SS Lake Huron or the SS Lake Superior. As
indicated above, these ship passenger lists are missing or incomplete.
If they immigrated from Tiflis province, Russia, they probably sailed aboard
the SS Lake Huron. If they immigrated from Elizavetpol or Kars province,
Russia, they probably sailed aboard the SS Lake Superior.
Spelling & Legibility
The
names recorded in passenger lists are the original Russian, pre-Canadianized
versions of names. Furthermore, they were written down by the ship's purser
phonetically the way that they sounded. Therefore, do not expect to find
your Doukhobor ancestor's name spelled as it is today; realize that your
immigrant ancestor was probably illiterate and even if he or she could
read Russian, they would not be able to recognize the written name since
it was written in English. Researchers must be able to recognize alternate
spellings for the surnames they are looking for.
Worn and torn pages, faded or smudged ink, poor handwriting, and improper focus
or exposure for microfilming all affect legibility of ship passenger lists,
making them difficult to decipher. Sometimes pages may be microfilmed out of
order or missing altogether.
Availability
The
National Archives of Canada holds microfilm copies of the original passenger lists
of ships arriving at major ports of entry for the period 1865-1935. These
lists are arranged by port and date of arrival. There is no comprehensive
index of names. In order to undertake a meaningful search, it is therefore
necessary to know the name of the ship as well as the exact month, year
and port of arrival. Copies of microfilms may be obtained directly or through
interlibrary loan from the National Archives. Many libraries and archives
in Canada also hold microfilm copies of National Archives passenger lists. You
may also borrow microfilm copies of National Archives passenger lists through
your local LDS Family History Center.
See also the
Immigration Records database
at the Canadian Genealogy Centre for an online, searchable database of passenger
arrivals between 1925 and 1935.
Indexes
The
following indices have been prepared for Doukhobor ship passenger lists:
Kalmakoff,
Jonathan.
Index to Doukhobor
Ship Passengers. This online index contains
Doukhobor surnames extracted from ship passenger lists for the period 1898
to 1930. By searching for a surname, you will find the name of the ship(s)
on which that surname was listed. Researchers can use this index to locate
Doukhobor surnames in the microfilm copy of ship passenger lists.
Lapshinoff,
Steve & Jonathan Kalmakoff.
Doukhobor
Ship Passenger Lists, 1898-1928 (Crescent Valley: self-published,
2001). ISBN 0-9689266-2-2. This 154 page book contains 5,196 names of Doukhobor
passengers who sailed to Canada from Russia between 1898 and 1928 aboard
29 different ships. Includes the name, age, sex, ship, date of departure,
date of arrival, port of departure, port of arrival and intended destination
of each Doukhobor passenger. Full bibliographic references and index.
Bibliography
-
Donskov,
Andrew (ed). Sergej Tolstoy and the Doukhobors: A Journey to Canada
(Ottawa:
University of Ottawa, 1998).
-
Drolet-Dube,
Doris. (Parks Canada) Memo to J. Kalmakoff Re: Quarantined Doukhobors,
1911, December 8, 1999.
-
Lapshinoff,
Steve & Jonathan Kalmakoff. Doukhobor Ship Passenger Lists, 1898-1928
(Crescent Valley: 2001).
-
Lewchuk,
Gary. Recalling the Titanic in ISKRA No.1850 (Grand Forks: U.S.C.C.,
March 25, 1998).
-
National
Archives of Canada, Microfilm Reel Nos. C-4519, C-4542, C-4784, C-7341,
T-481, T-482, T-483, T-484, T-485, T-486, T-494, T-497, T-498, T-505, T-513, T-518, T-4692,
T-4699, T-4721, T-4738, T-4741, T-4768, T-4769, T-4774, T-4775, T-4776, T-4777,
T-4778, T-4779, T-4783, T-4784, T-4785, T-4787, T-4788, T-4789, T-4790, T-4823,
T-14715, T-14729, T-14734, T-14746, T-14801, T-14811, T-14815, T-14816, T-14825, T-14826, T-14931,
T-15160
and T-15224.
-
National
Archives of Canada, Immigration Branch, Central Registry Files (RG 76,
Volumes 183 to 185, Parts 1 to 14) Microfilm Reel Nos. C-7337 to C-7341.
-
National
Archives of Canada, Sessional Documents. Annual Report of Dr. G.E. Martineau,
Superintendant of the Quarantine Station of Grosse Isle and different Emigration
Agents' Reports (RG 29, Volume 768, File 412-13-19; RG 17, Volume 2434).
-
O'Gallagher,
M., Grosse Ile: Gateway to Canada 1832-1937 (Quebec: Carraig Books,
1984).
-
Popoff,
Eli. Memo to J. Kalmakoff Re: Doukhobors on the 1905 Voyage of the SS
Southwark, October 15, 1999.
-
Sulerzhitsky,
L.A. To America With the Doukhobors (Regina: University of Regina,
1982).
-
Tarasoff,
Koozma. New Information on S.S. Lake Huron in ISKRA No.1865 (Grand
Forks: USCC, January 13, 1999).
-
Tarasoff,
Koozma. The Doukhobors at the Quarantine Station on Lawlors Island
in ISKRA No.1869 (Grand Forks: USCC, March 10, 1999).
-
Tarasoff,
Koozma. Parks Canada Unveils Interpretive Panel on Grosse Ile in
ISKRA No.1878 (Grand Forks: USCC, September 15, 1999).
-
U.S. National
Archives and Records Administration, Microfilm Reel Nos. 293, 497 and 547.
This index
was reproduced by permission in ISKRA Nos.1896, 1897, 1903, 1912, 1934, 1936,
1940, 1948, 1958, 1960 & 1967 (Grand Forks: USCC, 2000-2005).
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