Who’s Afraid of the King’s Gambit?

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Eric Schiller

Chessworks Unlimited

1997

 

© 1989, 1997 by Eric Schiller. All Rights Reserved.

Cover Design by E.J. Witalis Jr.

Printed in the United States of America

 

Published by Chess Enterprises, Inc., Moon Township PA 15108

ISBN:

Contents of the Book

(Items in Italics not included in this online version. Page numbers refer to the printed book.)

Part One: King’s Knight Gambits

1 Kieseritzky Gambit 4 h4 g4 5 Ne5 7

2 Allgaier Gambit 4 h4 g4 5 Ng5 15

3 Blachy Defense 4 Bc4 Nc6!? 23

4 Hanstein Gambit I (with Nb1-c3) 27

5 Hanstein Gambit II (with c2-c3) 31

Part Two: Queen’s Knight Gambits

6 Mason(3 Nc3)& Quaade(4 Nc3)Gambits 49

Part Three: Bishop Gambits

7 Bishop’s Gambit 3 Bc4 54

8 Tartakower Gambit 3 Be2 63

9 Schurig Gambit 3 Bd3 66

10 3 Bb5 68

Part Four: Queen Exursions

11 Breyer Gambit 3 Qf3 70

12 Basman Gambit 3 Qe2 73

13 3 Qg4 75

14 3 Qh5 76

Part Five: Miscellaneous Gambits

15 Center Gambits 3 d4 & 3 Nf3 g5 4 d4 77

16 3 b3 83

17 3 h4 85

18 3 Ne2 87

19 3 g3 88

20 3 Kf2 90

Introduction

In many conversations with chessplayers, I have noted a reluctance to answer 1 e4 by 1…e5 based on an irrational fear of some deviations from the standard Spanish or Italian play. Often people will admit that the Ponziani, Scotch, various central gambits, and Vienna game are hardly frightening "…but what about the King’s Gambit!" This venerable opening seems to scare the pants off of some tournament players, for reasons which are not particularly clear. If, in turn, one suggests that the pawn can simply be eaten with relish (mustard, ketchup, or what have you), a look of horror crosses the face of the interlocutor.

Why this fear? Probably because we all grow up seeing the brilliant games of the leading exponents of the King’s Gambit, and do not wish to fall prey to a Morphy-like combination. Every effort is made to side-step the gambit, even though virtually all authorities agree that one must accept the gambit or concede a positional superiority for White.

This book is offered as a remedy to the problem. Here you will find that not only can the pawn be seized at the second turn, but that in many cases Black can become the aggressor in the game. Not that the King’s Gambit is unsound - not by any means! There is a bit of theory to be learned, and a mistake in the first ten moves or so can prove fatal. But in the end it is much easier to achieve a good game with Black in the King’s Gambit than it is in most other open games.

This book shows you exactly what you need to accept the King’s Gambit and live (very comfortably!). In the key main lines the analysis is fairly deep, even though in many cases the best moves for Black have never been played. All minor variations have been covered, even those which are silly at first sight but which sometimes contain more than a drop of venom. In addition, the reader will find many new ideas which will come as an unpleasant shock to the opponent.

In fact, the entire main line defense to 1 e4 e5 2 f4 exf4 3 Nf3 g5 4 Bc4 is based on the little-known move order finesse 4…Nc6!, which avoids the Muzio (-Polerio) Gambit entirely and leads Black into comfortable variations of the Hanstein Defense. So the reader who has carefully studied the material in this book will be better prepared than his opponent, in many cases, and will have in his arsenal some new weapons which may cause a lot of trouble for White.

In so far as possible, complete games are presented, showing how the positional advantages obtained by Black can be turned into full points. There is often very little practical material on some of the obscure lines, and that is why many people like to choose those lines as White. To avoid the "Gee, I didn’t look at that!" syndrome, all minor lines have been given sufficient prominence that they will not be overloooked when studying the defenses required. True, one is unlikely to encounter 3 Qe2 in tournament play, but a well-prepared player should not be seeing the move for the first time!

One would think, then, that this volume is aimed at practical tournament players rated about 1600-2000. I think that the basic attacking and defending strategies will enhance the play of even lower rated players, while stronger players may find the new ideas to be of interest. In any case, whatever the rating, the reader will benefit from having chased the ghosts of the great King’s Gambiteers out of the mansion of their opening repertoire, and will be able to answer 1 e4 with 1…e5, confident that 2 f4 will only improve their winning prospects.

The most complete source of material on the various King’s Gambit lines is the series of books edited by Colin Leach. These books contain hundreds of complete games with annotations and other citations. Much of the material used in this book was derived from these works, and the reader is urged to acquire them for the sheer pleasure of playing through the games.

Unfortunately, there is a serious flaw in Mr. Leach’s work - the failure to cite sources for most of his analysis. Therefore some of the material in this book will not bear the correct attribution, as I have made no effort to comb through the literature to secure this historical information. My apologies to any chessplayer, living or dead, whose inspiration is not properly credited. In any event, the books are simply a treasure trove of fascinating chess, and I strongly recommend them to all lovers of the romantic style of chess represented by the King’s Gambit.

I have also consulted standard reference works on the King’s Gambit, Joe Gallagher’s recent treatise, the book by Korchnoi & Zak and the the two volume set by Estrin & Glazkov. These works do a better job of crediting analysis and I have tried to use them to remedy the defective scholarship of Leach’s works.

In addition, articles by S. Bücker in M.O.B. and a number of older works on the King’s Gambit have been checked to see if any interesting ideas have fallen through the cracks. The book by Christiansen et al. is written from White’s point of view and in this book remedies are provided for all of their suggested lines.

It must be kept in mind that this is a volume intended for practical application, and not a historical survey of the King’s Gambit Accepted. There will no doubt be readers whose zeal for correcting the historical record is sufficient to warrant pointing out the mistakes and oversights which appear in this volume, and I would be most grateful to anyone who can supply correct credits for the analysis quoted in this book.

For this new edition I have added many games not previously available to me. I compiled a database of about 10,000 King’s Gambit games, allowing me to locate many interesting examples. I haven’t had to change any of the recommended lines, because all have held up well in the past seven years. I did revise a fair bit of the analysis, checking some highly tactical lines with computer programs Zarkov and King.

This book is more of a solo effort than most, and it remains only to thank Gabe Kahane, for entering the material from the first edition into ChessBase, Tom Magar for his customary excellent job of proofreading the manuscript, and Bob Dudley for giving me permission to write on such an esoteric topic.

If the reader is fortunate enough to apply the material in this work with success, I will be very happy to receive copies of the games. Even if victory eludes the reader, I would still like to see the game. Please send all communication via email to author@chessworks.com or with snail mail to P.O. Box 1048, El Granada, CA 94018.

Chapter 1

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4

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We start our journey with a very old continuation. There are examples dating back to the 17th century. Salvio (1723) contains discussion of it, as does Greco (1784), while Horny (1839) and Lewis (1844) added considerably to the analysis of the position. It was examined closely in the Bilguer and Staunton manuals of 1847. Although the attack with 4 h4 is less direct than that of 4 Bc4, which we examine in later chapters, it nevertheless is an aggressive line which can lead to wild sacrificial play. Moreover, it is the line recommended by most authorities, including Estrin & Glazkov, Christiansen et al., Korchnoi & Zak etc. and therefore is likely to be encountered in tournament practice.

4...g4

No other reply is worth considering here. Black makes another pawn move, leaving his pieces undeveloped, but he attacks the Nf3 which must move, since, unlike the case in the Muzio Gambit 4 Bc4 g4 5 0–0!? gxf3 White has wasted time with his h-pawn instead of developing the bishop. Staunton (1847) described 4 h4 as leading "to situations of remarkable interest".Now White has two common replies, 5 Ne5, the subject of this chapter, and 5 Ng5, which will be discussed in the next chapter.

5.Ne5

This is the starting position of the Kieseritzky Gambit. Black has tried no less than eight methods of defense, but in this book only two will be discussed. The first, 5...d6 (Kolisch Defense), is considered one of the main lines these days, but in my opinion the second, 5...Nc6 (Neumann Defense) may be better than its reputation.

5...d6

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This is a fairly simple route to a balanced position where White will have compensation for his pawn, but no more.

6.Nxg4

One might think that 6 Nxf7 Kxf7 7 Bc4+ Ke8 8 d4 is appropriate, as in the Allgaier, but here Black has moved his d-pawn, a strong developing move, instead of the h-pawn, with the added benefit that 8... Bh6 is now possible. 9.Nc3 Ne7 10.Qd3 c6 11.Bd2 b5 12.Bb3 a5 13.a4 b4 14.Ne2 Ba6 gave Black a strong attack in Schlechter-Maroczy, Vienna 1903.

6...Be7

A critical move, since it is necessary to develop quickly and keep the pressure on the White position. 6...Nf6 seems to do the same thing, but after 7 Nxf6+ Qxf6 8 Nc3 c6 9 Be2 Rg8 10 Bf3 Bh6 11 d4 Na6 12 e5! (ECO) or 10...Bg7 11 d3 Be6 12 Qd2 Bh6 13 d4, Kashchutin - Laptev, Postal 1986/87. White has much better prospects.

7.d4

Obviously, it would be silly to waste time on 7 h5?! which would be met by 7...Bh4+ 8 Nf2 (8 Ke2?? Bg4+) 8... Qg5 with a stronger position than that of the game.

7.Nf2 was tried by Adolph Anderssen but without much success. 7...Bxh4 8.Qf3 Qg5 9.d3 Bg3 10.Nc3 Nc6 11.Ne2 Nb4 12.Nxf4 Nxc2+ 13.Kd1 Nd4! 14.Qe3 Bxf2 15.Qxf2 Bg4+ 16.Be2 Nxe2 17.Nxe2 Qb5 18.Qd4 0–0–0 and Black was clearly better in Anderssen-Lange, Breslau 1859.

7.Bc4 Bxh4+ is also good for Black:

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a) 8.Nf2 Qg5 9.Be2 (9.Qf3 Nc6 10.0–0 Ne5 11.Qb3 f3 12.Bxf7+ Ke7 13.g4 Qf4 14.Kh1 Qg3 15.Rg1 Qxf2 16.d4 Nxg4 17.Bf4 Qh2+ 18.Bxh2 Nf2# 0–1 Levin-Shipman, US Open 1995.) 9...Nf6 10.d3 Nc6 11.Qd2 Nd4 12.Nc3 Qxg2 13.Rf1 f3 0–1 Schlitter-Remling, Giessen 1993.

b) 8.Kf1 8...Qg5 9.Nh2 Qg3 10.Qe2 Nc6 11.Bb5 Nf6 12.d3 Rg8 13.Nf3 Bg4 14.Nbd2 Nh5 15.Kg1 0–0–0 16.Bxc6 bxc6 17.d4 Kb8 18.Nf1 Qxf3 19.Qxf3 Bxf3 20.Nd2 Rxg2+ 21.Kf1 Ng3+ 0–1 Ozanne-Stern, Singapore 1990.

7.d3 Bxh4+ 8.Nf2 Qg5 (8…Bg3!? Is worth looking at too!) 9.Qd2 (This is a safer square than f3.) 9…Bg3 10.Nc3 Nf6 11.Ne2 Qe5! Is an improvement on 11…Bxf2+ 12.Kxf2 Ng4+ 13.Kg1 Ne3 14.Nxf4 Nxf1 15.Kxf1 as given by Gallagher. Now after 12.Nxg3 fxg3 and Black is better, Winants-Almasi, Wijk aan Zee 1995.

7...Bxh4+ 8.Nf2

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8...Qg5!

This is the best method of maintaining the pressure on the Black kingside.

8...Bxf2+ Black must not be tempted by 9.Kxf2 Nf6 since after 10.Nc3 Qe7 11.Bxf4 Nxe4+ 12.Nxe4 Qxe4 13.Bb5+ Kf8 14.Bh6+ White wins: 14...Kg8 15.Rh5 Bf5 16.Qd2 Bg6 17.Re1 Qg4 18.Re8# Morphy-Lyttelton, Birmingham 1858.

9.Nc3

9 Qf3 is a significant alternative, to which 9...Nc6 (Rosenthal) is the best reply.

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White has tried many plans here.

a) 10.Qxf4 Bxf2+ 11.Kxf2 Qxf4+ 12.Bxf4 Nxd4 13.Nc3 (13.Bd3 h5 14.Nc3 Be6 15.Nd5 Kd7 is better for Black, Uznanski-Jankowski, Postal 1992.) 13...Be6 14.Nb5 (14.e5 Ne7 15.exd6 Ng6 16.Bg3 cxd6 17.Bxd6 0–0–0 and Black is better.) 14...Nxb5 15.Bxb5+ Bd7 and here 16.Bc4 was agreed drawn in Shumilin-Voikov, Postal 1989, while 16.Be2 Nf6 17.e5 Ne4+ 18.Ke3 d5 19.c4 c6 20.Rad1 Be6 21.Bf3 f5! 22 exf6 Nxf6 23 Be5 was eventually drawn in Ressegnier - Lentz, Postal 1912.

b) 10.Bxf4 Nxd4 11.Bxg5 Nxf3+ 12.gxf3 Bxg5 13.Nc3 Be6 14.Nd5 0–0–0 and White does not have enough compensation for the pawn. Hiewiadomy-Zarebski, Postal 1993.

c) 10.c3 Bg3 11.Bd3 Nf6 12.Kf1 h5 13.Bd2 h4 14.Nh3 Bxh3 15.gxh3 0–0–0 16.Na3 Rhe8 and Black is better, Yedidia-Shipman, New York 1993.

d) Finally, there is the terrible 10.Bb5?? 10...Bxf2+ 0–1 Gusev-Plotnikov, Postal 1989.

9...Nf6 10.Qf3

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10...Ng4! 11.Nd1

Now both sides must play with precision.

11...Nc6 12.c3 Nxf2 13.Nxf2 Bg3

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14.Kd1

14.Be2 Bd7 15.Bd2 0–0–0 16.0–0–0 f5 17.exf5 Qxf5 18.Rh5 Qf7 and again White had problems justifying the investment of a pawn, Mortimer-Rosenthal, London 1883.

14...Be6 15.Nh3

15 d5? Ne5! is good for Black.

15...Qg7 16.Be2!

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This line, stemming from Keres, leads to the inevitable recapture of the pawn at f4, with White enjoying a full center. Note that if 16 Bf4?? or 16 Nxf4?? had been played, 16...Bg4 would have been the devastating reply.Now the pawn advance d4-d5 is still not a threat, as it can always be met by Nc6-e5. Black can simply castle queenside and continue by placing pressure along the g-file, together with a possible d6-d5 advance in the center. White will be able to gain the bishop pair, perhaps, but his king remains unstable in the center. The chances should be about even, although I would prefer to be sitting on the Black side of the table after, say,

16...0–0–0 17 Nxf4 Bxf4 18 Bxf4 d5 19 e5 Bf5

In the first edition I suggested that this would be followed by Bf5-g6, Rh8-e8, f7-f6 etc.

20.Kc1 is given in the 1995 edition of Maser and Raingruber, presumably reacting to the analysis in the first edition of my book. They give only 20…Bg6?! 21.Qh3+ Kb8 22.Bg5 intending Bd8 or Bf6. That is rather disingenuous, since Kc1 changes the position, and Black can choose instead 20…Rhg8 with a firm grip on g4. 21.Bh6 can be countered with 21…Qg6, followed by …Bg4. The king does not seem well-placed at c1, and it will be hard to activate the rook at a1.

Now let’s turn to the second line.

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ne5 Nc6!?

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Although the system given in the previous sectionis fine, Neumann’s move has a certain appeal and can be used as an alternative. After all, it develops a piece (finally!) and threatens to exchange off White’s only developed piece. Why then has it languished in obscurity? The answer lies in what seems to be a forced variation with 6.d4. If Black can find a way to meet that line, he is doing quite well, since the other variations are known to be harmless.

6.d4

6.Nxc6 dxc6 Here too there are no pieces in play, and Black has an extra pawn to compensate for his structural weaknesses. Now White must act to control the center, as otherwise Black will play Bf8-g7 and c6-c5 after which White will be unable to play d2-d4. 7.d4 Nf6 8.e5 Nh5! Why worry about moving a piece twice in the opening when White has no pieces developed at all! Black has a secure extra pawn and no problems with his development. He will be able to castle on either side of the board.

6.Nxg4 d5! White has his pawn back, but his knight sits on a ridiculous square, and Black can take advantage of this by opening up the diagonal for his light-squared bishop. 7.exd5 7 Nf2 would be a cowardly retreat, after which 7...Bc5! is quite strong, preventing White from playing d2-d4 and threatening to capture the Nf2 at an opportune moment. 7...Qe7+! There is no need to recapture the pawn. After White interposes, the Ng4 is en prise. 8.Be2 Nd4 Stronger than 8... Bxg4?! 9 dxc6. 9.Nf2 Bf5 10.d3 0–0–0 Black is already holding a decisive advantage, Neumann - Bergell, 1872. Both of these defensive systems require further practical tests.

6...Nxe5

6...Nf6 7.Bc4 d5 8.exd5 Nxd5 9.Nxg4 Qe7+ 10.Kf2 Be6 11.Bxd5 Bxd5 12.Bxf4 0–0–0 gave Black good play against the vulnerable White king in Bangiev-Semyenov, Postal 1990.

7.dxe5

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Now the known theory runs 7... d6 8 Bf4! which is difficult to defend:a) 8... Bg7 9 Nc3! dxe5 (9... Bxe5 10 Bxe5 dxe5 11 Qxd8+) 10 Qxd8+ Kxd8 11 0–0–0+ Bd7 12 Be3 and, according Bilguer (1847) White has a strong game.b) 8... Qe7 9 exd6 Qxe4+ 10 Qe2 Qxe2+ 11 Bxe2 Bxd6 12 Bxd6 cxd6 13 Nc3 - Collijn (1921)But is it really necessary to play Blacks 7... d6? I think not. Black can return the pawn without allowing White to build such strong central pressure.

7...f3!?

This is my own idea, and it lead to a win in its debut.

8.gxf3

It is hard to see how White, with no lead in development, can comfortably allow 8... fxg2 or even the dislocating 8... f2+.

8...Be7 9.Bd3 Bxh4+ 10.Kf1 g3

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11.f4 d5 12.Qh5 dxe4 13.Qxh4 Qxh4 14.Rxh4 exd3 15.cxd3 Bf5 16.d4 0–0–0 17.Be3 c5! 18.dxc5??

18.d5 Rxd5 19.Nc3 Rd3 is the lesser evil.

18...Rd1+ 19.Kg2 Bxb1

and White resigned in Powe-Schiller, USA 1991.

Chapter 2

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ng5

The Allgaier Gambit is another ancient continuation. Allgaier was a player who was active in Vienna, and the romantic nature of the city seems to have influenced his chess. This variation invloves the early sacrifice of a piece, and is therefore much riskier than the lines with 5 Ne5. Black has no choice but to accept the offer, as all cowardly continuations are severly punished.

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5...h6 6.Nxf7 Kxf7

In return for the sacrifice of the piece White has brought the Black monarch into an exposed position. Over the years, however, solid defensive resources have been found and the Allgaier is now rarely seen in tournament play. If Black is not prepared, however, he might fall prey to this rusty weapon.

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7.Bc4+

7.d4 f3! This is hardly new, as it was discussed in Gunsberg (1895) who played the White side a few moves later. Now 8 Bc4+ transposes above.

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8.gxf3 Estrin & Glazkov also suggest 8 Bf4, 8 Be3 and 8 Nc3 but these remain untested. 8...Be7 seems a useful reply in each case. 8...d5! 9.Bf4 Nf6 10.e5 Nh5 11.fxg4 Nxf4 12.Qf3 Kg7 Gunsberg - Bird, London 1889.

7.Qxg4? Nf6! This move provides sufficient protection to the Black king, and White will find it difficult to build an initiative. 8.Qxf4 The problem with this move is that it allows Black to develop with tempo, creating threats against the White queen. (8.Bc4+ d5 9.Qxf4 This line is even worse than the above, in that although White picks up an extra pawn Black does not have to block his d-pawn. White’s attack quickly runs out of steam and Black takes over the initiative. 9...Bd6 With the d-pawn at d5, there is no way in which the White bishop can participate in the attack unless it captures at d5, but then it will be removed from the board, leaving a useless pawn in its place. 10.Bxd5+ Kg7 11.Qf3 Nxd5 12.exd5 Qe8+ 13.Qe3 Bg3+ The position was reached in a correspondence game between the cities of Stuttgart and Nymwegen, in 1888. Black has a strong attack and White will be hard pressed to survive.) 8...Bd6 9.Qf3 Nc6 10.c3 Ne5 11.Qf2 Neg4 12.Qf3 Qe7 13.d3 Qe5 – Korchnoi & Zak. Black is clearly better here.

7.Nc3 Nc6 Keres suggested this seemingly slow move can lead to the Hamppe-Allgaier Gambit, a variation of the King’s Gambit Declined, or Black can follow Keres analysis. We note that this position can be reached from the 3 Nc3 line considered in Chapter 6. 8.d4 8 Bc4+! d5 9 Nxd5 Be6 10 d4 f3! 11 gxf3 Nf6 - Korchnoi & Zak. 9 Bxd5+ transposes above. 8...d5 9.Bxf4 Nf6 10.Bd3 or 10 Nxd5 Bd6! 10...dxe4 11.Bc4+ Ke8 12.d5 Bd6! A strong move, overprotecting the e5 square which will be a nice home for Black’s knight. White can’t allow that, so... 13.Bxd6 Qxd6 14.dxc6 Qg3+ 15.Kd2 15 Kf1 Rf8 is virtually winning for Black. 15...Qf4+ And, according to analysis by Constantinopolsky & Lepeshkin, Black is assured of at least a draw.

7...d5 8.Bxd5+ Kg7!

Until recently it was thought that 8...Ke8 was the safer move, but recent analysis confirms that the text is best. Which just goes to show that even though the variation has been around a long time, there are still discoveries to be made!

9.Bxb7?

9.d4 is a better try.

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9...f3! is once again the correct reply. 10.gxf3 Nf6 Black is willing to give up a pawn to close the f-file for a moment and get a piece developed. 11.Nc3 (11.Bb3 Nc6 12.c3 Suggested by Keres. 12...Qd6 13.e5 Nxe5 14.dxe5 Qxe5+ Black stands better - Korchnoi & Zak.) 11...Bb4 12.Bc4 (12.Bb3 Nc6 13.Be3 Na5 - Bilguer 1916. Or 12.Bf4 Nxd5 13.exd5 Nd7 Levenfish.) 12...gxf3 13.Rg1+ Ng4 14.Qxf3 Qxh4+ 15.Rg3 Rf8 16.Bf4 Be7! Marco - Schlecter, Vienna 1903 saw instead 16...Qf6 17 Rxg4+ Kh7 18 Bg8+ Kh8...1/2–1/2 17.Nd5 17 0–0–0 loses to 17...Rxf4 18 Qxf4 Bg5 17...Bg5! 18.Bxg5 Qxg5! 19.Qe2 b5 20.Ne3 Here Black should play 20...Rf4 or 20...h5 (Analysis.)

9...Bxb7 10.Qxg4+ Kf7 11.Qh5+ Ke7 12.Qe5+ Kd7

13 Qf5+ Kc6 14 Rh3 a5! gives Black an escape hatch.

13.Qxh8 Nf6

This critical position is not fully discussed in most manuals on the King’s Gambit.

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14.e5

There are thee alternatives:

a) 14 b3 Bxe4 15 Bb2 Be7 was given by Gunsberg (1895).

b) 14 d3 Bb4+!

c) 14 Nc3 Qe7 and the White queen is trapped - Gunsberg (1895).

14...Bxg2 15.Rg1

15 Rh2 f3 16 Qxf6 Qxf6 17 exf6 Bc5 - Gunsberg (1895).

15...f3 16.Qxf6 Qxf6 17.exf6 Bc5

This is cited by Levenfish and Freeborough & Ranken 1910.

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Black wins.

Chapter 3

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.Bc4 Nc6!?

This is the move order which can help to solve all of Black’s opening problems. By playing the unusual 4...Nc6, first seen in L. Paulsen - Blachly, 1857, and brought to public attention in Mieses - Chigorin, Vienna, 1903, Black can acheive transpositions into favorable lines of the Philidor and Hanstein Gambits. There is no way for White to take advantage of this move order variation, as will be seen in the present chapter.

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5.0–0

5.d4 Bg7 6.0–0 h6 7.c3 d6 or 7 Nc3 d6 leads to a Hanstein Gambit.

5.d3 was played in the correspondence game Grigoriev - Levitsky, corres 1912. The best reply to this timid move is 5...h6! and now 6 h4 Bg7, or 6 0–0!? Bg7 and White has less play than in the lines with d2-d4.

5.h4!? This is the move played in the Chigorin game, which we examine here. 5...g4 6.Ng5 Ne5! With the knight occupying this strong post not only is f7 protected, but White must lose time with his bishop. 7.Bb3 h6 The knight is attacked, but it has no retreat squares. Thus White’s reply is forced. 8.d4 hxg5 9.dxe5 Bg7 10.Nc3 c6! Black must not get too greedy. After 10...Bxe5? White can sacrifice at f7 with a strong attack. Black’s extra pawn is secure, and it is time to develop. 11.Qxg4 Bxe5 The pin along the h-file helps protect the pawn at g5, while the pawn at c6 prevents any unpleasant incursions bu the White knight. White now has an awkward problem. He must continue with his development, but as he takes time to do so his initiative evaporates, leaving Black with a clear advantage. 12.Bd2 d6 13.Qe2 Nf6 14.0–0–0 gxh4! An excellent move by Black, since 14...Bg4 is met by 15 hxg5!, where 15...Bxe2 16 Rxh8+ is obviously better for White and 15...Rxh1 16 Rxh1 Bxe2 17 Rh8+ Ke7 18 gxf6+ followed by 19 Rxd8 and 20 Nxe2 is also very strong. But Black is better after 17...Kd7 18 Rxd8+ Rxd8 19 gxf6 Bh5 or 19 Nxe2 Nxe4 20 Bxf7 Nxg5. Down the exchange and a pawn, White can resign. He has no counterplay. 15.Qf1 Bg4 16.Ne2 Qe7 17.Re1 Nh5 Black has complete control of the kingside and threatens 18...Bxe2 followed by 19...Ng3 18.Rg1 Qf6 Now his extra pawn is solidly defended. 19.Nc3 0–0–0 20.Qc4 Ng3 21.Nd5 21 Qxf7 Qxf7 Bxf7 fails to 22...Rf8 23 Bc4 Bd4! NNow Black’s queenside attack comes alive and it is White who finds himself in a mating net! 21...Bxb2+ 22.Kb1 Qd4 23.Ne7+ Kb8 24.Ba5 Rd7 25.Qxf7 Ba3 26.c3 Qe5 27.Ng6 Qxa5 28.Qf6 Re8 Or 28 Qxd7 Qc3 and mates. 29.Nxf4 Qe5 0–1 Mieses - Chigorin, Vienna 1903.

5...d6 6.Nc3

6.d4 should transpose below.

6...h6 7.d4

7 g3!? Bh3! is very good for Black, for example 8 Rf2 Bg7 9 Nd5 g4 10 Nh4 fxg3 11 hxg3 Bd4 12 Ne3 Ne5 13 d3 Qg5 14 Nhf5 Nf3+ 15 Kh1 Qh5 16 Nh4 Ne7 17 c3 Be5 18 Nxf3 gxf3 19 Kg1 0–1, Reinert - Siklosi, Kecskemet 1986.

After 7 d4 we have reached the Hanstein Gambit, discussed in the next chapter.

Chapter 6

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nc3

This move was first seen in Mason - Rosenthal, Paris 1878, but is also part of the Steinitz Gambit complex.

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White aims for a Vienna style game, inviting Black to go after the King immediately with 3...Qh4+. Black does better, however, to simply develop with 3...Nc6, as in most lines of the King’s Gambit Accepted that is the customary way of meeting the development Nb1–c3, which is often considered a bit slow.Leach evidently considers this position to be properly a Vienna Game, and thus does not present analysis, but the teams of Estrin & Glazkov and Korchnoi & Zak discuss it. Naturally the authorities on the Vienna Game have something to say as well, and Konstantinopolosky & Lepeshkin (the English translation of which includes a few of my own contributions) quote Paul Keres, who pointed out that the line isn’t very good. Bill Hartston tried to revive it in the mid–1970’s, but it has not risen from the dead yet.

3...Nc6 4.d4!

This continuation is much more promising, and Black will have to defend carefully.

4.Nf3!? g5 5.d4 is known as the Pierce Gambit.

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(5.h4 g4 6.Ng5 h6 7.Nxf7 Kxf7 transposes to the Allgaier Gambit, Variation 2D.) 5...g4 a) 6.Ne5 Nxe5 7.dxe5 Qh4+ 8.Ke2 (Paulsen - Gunsberg, Breslau 1889) 8...f3+ 9.gxf3 gxf3+ 10.Kd3 b6 11.Nd5 Ba6+ 12.c4 0–0–0 13.Qa4 Bb7 (13...Kb7? 14.Nxc7 - Magar.) 14.Qxa7 Ne7 15.a4?? (15.Be3 Nc6 16.Qa4 Nxe5+ 17.Kd2 Qxe4) 15...Nc6 and Black wins.

b) 6.Bc4 gxf3 with

b1) 7.Qxf3 d5 8.Bxd5 (8.Nxd5 Nxd4!) 8...Qh4+ 9.g3 Qg5 White can try 10 Qf2, and if 10...Nf6, then 11 Bxc6 bxc6 might not be so clear. But 9...Qg4 is a strong alternative.

b2) 7.0–0 There is one interesting if obscure suggestion here from Tim Harding, who notes that after 7...Nxd4 Black can also play the less risky (7...d5 8.exd5 Bg4 9.Qd2 Bg7 10.Qxf4 Bxd4+ 11.Kh1 Qh4 12.dxc6 fxg2+ 13.Kxg2 0–0–0 Here there is an interesting story. In an article in Shakhmatny Bulletin, January 1982, Glazkov & Estrin tried to rehabilitate this line with 14 Nd5?, but in the next year a correspondence game between Eger and Weinitschke demonstrated the failings of that move quite conclusively: 14.Nd5? Rxd5! 15.Bxd5 Nf6 16.cxb7+ Kb8 17.Bxf7 Qh3+ 18.Kh1 Be5! 19.Qf2 Bf3+ 20.Kg1 Qg4+ and White resigned.) 8.Bxf4 8 Qxd4 Qf6 and Black remains ahead in material. 8...Bg7 9.Bxf7+ 9 e5 d5 and 9 Be3 c5 10 Nb5 d5! are cited by Konstantinopolsky & Lepeshkin. 9...Kxf7 10.e5 d5 According to Konstantinopolsky & Lepeshkin, the attack can be resisted. After all, Black has two extra pieces, and after 11 Qxd4, 11...Be6 threatens, say, 12...c5, and if 13 Qxc5, then 13...Qb6+ removes the ladies from the board.

4...Qh4+

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5.Ke2 d6

Caution! 5...d5 6.exd5! Bg4+ 7.Nf3 0–0–0 8.dxc6 Bc5 9.Qe1 Qh5 10.cxb7+ Kb8 was once thought to be good for Black, but then 11 Kd2! was found, and it is Black who lacks sufficient compensation for the material.

6.Nf3 Bg4 7.Bxf4!

7.Nd5 0–0–0 8.Kd3 Qh6 9.Bxf4 Qh5 10.c4 f5 11.exf5 Qxf5+ 12.Kd2 Nb4 13.Nxb4 Qxf4+ gave Black a significant advantage in Kavalek - Stein, Tel Aviv Olympiad 1964.

7...g5!?

This might come as a bit of a surprise to your opponent. The best known examples of the line go: 7...0–0–0 8.Ke3 Qh5 (8...Bxf3!? 9.gxf3 g5 10.Bg3 Qh6 11.d5 Nb8 12.Nb5 led to unclear complications in Arkhipkin - Kupreichik, Liyepaya 1975.) 9.Be2 and now: 9...g5! (9...Qa5 10.a3 Bxf3 11.Kxf3 Qh5+ 12.Ke3 And White stood better in Steinitz - Paulsen, Baden Baden 1870.) 10.Nxg5 Nf6 11.h3 Bxe2 12.Qxe2 Qg6 led to unclear complications in Barle - Portisch, Portoroz-ljubljana 1975, but Harding suggests 13 b4!?, and in any event there is the more significant improvement 11 Rf1!, e.g. 11...Bxe2 12 Qxe2 Qg6 13 Qc4 with a better game for White according to Konstantinopolsky & Lepeshkin.

8.Bg3 Qh5 9.Kf2 Bg7 10.Bb5 0–0–0 11.Bxc6 bxc6

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Although Black has a slight weakness in his pawn cover, the White king is even more exposed and White lacks a way of transferring his heavy artillery to the queenside. The position has only been seen once, in a consultation game Chigorin - Allies, St. Petersburg 1890, which saw complications deepen after

12.Qd3 Ne7 13.Rhd1 f5 14.exf5 Rhf8! 15.Qa6+ Kd7 16.d5

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Unfortunately, I don’t have the continuation of this game, which is not included in Leach’s edition of Bogoliubow’s work on Chigorin. It is worth noting that the move 7...g5!? is not mentioned in the 1993 book Das angenommene Konigsgambit mit 3.Sc3 by Bangiev and Hergert.

Chapter 7

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Bc4

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The Bishop’s Gambit has been a favorite of many strong players, including Anderssen, Chigorin, Fischer, and Max Lange. White aims quickly at the f7-square, and makes the advance of the pawn from d7-d5 available only at the cost of a pawn. The opening was played as far back as the early 17th century.A number of defensive strategies are available to Black. The most modern approach involves an early d7-d5 by Black, but the classical approaches are also good. Black should not, however, rush out with 3...Qh4+, as this only allows White to shift his king to the relatively safe square f1, while the Black queen will be driven back with gain of time. Unfortunately, 3...g5, though consistent with the other plans presented in this book, is not a satisfactory reply since on 4 h4 Black cannot advance his g-pawn with gain of time, as there is no knight at f3. But there is another strong counterblow, which is not the most common of moves and might prove to be an effective surprise.

3...f5!? 4.Qe2!

Other moves are unsatisfactory for White: 4.Nc3 Qh4+ 5.Kf1 fxe4 6.Nxe4 and here:

a) 6...Nf6 is a fully playable alternative, for example 7.Nf3 Qh5 with:

a1) 8.Qe2 Be7 (8...Nxe4!? 9.Qxe4+ Be7 10.d4 d5!? but not 10...g5 11 h4 with better prospects for White.) 9.d4 d5 10.Nxf6+ gxf6 11.Bb3 Nc6 12.Bxf4 Bg4 13.Ba4 Kf7 14.Bxc6 bxc6 Franke - Metger, Leipzig 1877, where 15 Kf2! was best.

a2) 8.Qe1! 8...Be7 9.d4 d5 10.Nxf6+ gxf6 11.Be2 Bd6 12.Ne5 Qh6 13.Bg4 0–0 14.Bxc8 Rxc8 15.Ng4 Qf8 16.Qe6+ Kh8 17.Nxf6 Nc6 with equal chances.

b) 6...Be7 7.d4 Nh6 The knight is well posted here, as it can get to the f5 square. 8.Nf3 Qh5 9.Bxf4 d5 10.Bb5+! (10.Ng3? Qf7 11.Bb5+ c6 12.Bxh6 cxb5 13.Be3 0–0 14.Kg1 Bg4! gave Black the better game in Maroczy - Marco, 1903, cited as an example of how to play for Black in Korchnoi & Zak. But, as Leach notes, the text is much stronger. He does not, however, provide the best line for Black.) 10...c6 11.Nd6+ Bxd6 12.Bxd6 Qf7! This is my improvement over 12...cxb5? 13 Qe2+, the only moves considered by Leach. It is difficult to believe that Black is in any real danger here, despite the exposed position of his king. The White bishop, chich exerts such a cramping influence, is needed to cover the very weak e3 square, which Black threatens to occupy after Nh6-f5. And if White checks along the e-file, then Black will play Ke8-d7 when two pieces will be hanging. Don’t foget that Ne5 is not on because of the pin along the f-file. 13.Bd3 Bg4 And Black has solved all of his opening problems. So although the matter is not as simple as Korchnoi & Zak imply, neither is there any poison in Leach’s proposal.

4.Bxg8 Rxg8 5.Qh5+ g6 6.Qxh7 Rg7 7.Qh8 fxe4 8.Ne2 led to an unclear game in Mayet - Neumann, Berlin 1866, but the zwischenzung 4...Qh4+! is much stronger, as White can no longer play the check at h5.

4.exf5 Qh4+ 5.Kf1 f3 a) 6.d3 fxg2+ 7.Kxg2 Ne7 8.Nc3 Nbc6! 9.Nf3 (9.Nb5 Kd8 is fine for Black.) 9...Qg4+ 10.Kf2 Qxf5 11.Re1 Kd8 and Black is ready to play ...d5 with a good game.

b) 6.d4 6...fxg2+ 7.Kxg2 Nf6 8.Qe2+ Kd8 9.Be3 Nc6 10.c3 d5 11.Bd3 Bd6 12.Nd2 Re8 13.Nf1 Bf4 14.Nf3 Qg4+ gives Black a better game according to S.A. Sorensen (Nordichen Schachzeitung 1873).

4.e5 is easily met by 4...d5!

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5.exd6 Bxd6 6.Nf3 Nc6 7.d4 Qe7+ was seen in Sorensen - Winding, Copenhagen 1972, or 7. 0–0 Qf6 8. d4 g5 9. Re1+ Nge7 10. Nc3 Bd7 11. Nd5 Qg7 followed by queenside castling, when White is hard pressed even to survive.

4.Nh3 Qe7! is better for Black.

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5.Nc3 Nf6 6.Nxf4 c6 7.d4 d5 8.Bb3 fxe4 9.0–0 Bg4 is given by Leach.

4.d3 Qh4+ 5.Kf1 fxe4 6.dxe4 (6.Bxg8 Rxg8 does not improve White’s chances.) 6...Bc5 7.Qf3 was seen in Amateur - Neumann, Berlin 1866, and now (7.Qe2 d6 allows Black to develop quickly.) 7...Bxg1 8.Rxg1 Nh6 9.Nc3 Ng4 is the quickest path to a major advantage for Black.

4.Qh5+ is a complete waste of time. After 4...g6 5.Qe2 fxe4 6.Qxe4+ Qe7 7.Nc3 c6 the threat of ...d5 forces White to play 8.Bxg8 Rxg8 but on 9.d3 g5 10.h4 h6 11.hxg5 hxg5 12.Bd2 d5 13.Qe2 Bg4 Black had the pawn and the initiative in Mayet-Neumann, Berlin 1864.

4...Qh4+

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5.Kd1

5.Kf1 fxe4 6.Qxe4+ Be7 has been successful for Black, for example 7.Nf3 Qh5 and now: 8.Bxg8 (8.Nc3 Nf6 9.Qxf4 d5 10.Qxc7 Nc6 11.Bb5 Bd7 12.Bxc6 bxc6 13.Qe5 0–0 14.Qxh5 Nxh5 15.d4 Bg4 gives Black more than enough compensation, even with the queens gone. For example: 16.Ke2 Rae8 17.Rf1 Bf6+ 18.Kd3 Bf5+ 19.Kd2 Nf4 20.g3 Ne6 21.Ne2 c5 22.c3 cxd4 23.Nexd4 Nxd4 24.cxd4 Bh3 25.Re1 Be7 26.Re3 Bb4+ and White resigned in Schulten-Neumann, Berlin 1865.) 8...Rxg8 9.Nc3 c6 10.d4 d6 (10...d5 is also good.) 11.Bxf4 Bf5 12.Qe3 Kd7! 13.Re1 Re8 and Black has a strong attack. 14.d5 Na6 15.dxc6+ bxc6 16.Qe2 Bh4 17.Qxa6 Qxf3+ 18.gxf3 Bh3+ 19.Kg1 Rxe1+ 20.Qf1 Rxf1# was the brutal conclusion of Wywill-Kennedy, London 1848.

5...fxe4 6.Qxe4+

6.Nc3 has also been seen. 6...Nf6 (6...Ne7 7.Qxe4 c6 is a promising alternative.) 7.Nxe4 Be7 8.Nf3 Qh6 9.Re1 Nc6 10.d4 d5! 11.Nxf6+ Qxf6 12.Bxd5 Bd7 13.Bxf4 White has an extra pawn now, but the position of the king is precarious. 13...0–0–0 14.Bg5 Qd6 15.Bxc6 Bxg5! 16.Bxd7+ Rxd7 17.Nxg5 Qxd4+ 18.Kc1 Qf4+ 19.Qe3

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Do you see the killer move? 19...Re8! 0–1 Neumann-Knorre, Berlin 1866

6...Be7

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In this line, Black temporarily maintains his extra pawn while falling behind in development slightly. As in the line above, Korchnoi & Zak present an overly confident picture of Black’s prospects, while Leach, although pointing out the problems, fails to provide sufficient support for the Black side.

7.Nf3

White sensibly develops with tempo. Alternatives pose no (non-transpositional) problems at all.

7.Bxg8 Rxg8 8.Nf3 (8.d3 leads to a level game. 8...d6 9.Nf3 Qg4 10.Re1 Nc6 11.Nc3 Bf5 12.Qxf4 0–0–0 13.Nd5 Rde8 14.Nxe7+ Rxe7 15.Rxe7 Nxe7 16.Qxg4 Bxg4 was equal in Jaenisch-Shumov, St. Petersburg 1849.) a) 8...Qf6! 9.Nc3 c6 10.d4 if (10.Qxh7 then 10...Rf8 11.Ne4 Qf5 12.Qxf5 Rxf5 13.Re1 Kd8 14.h4 d5 15.Neg5 Na6 (Magan) Black’s bishop pair gives him a slight edge. If 16.Ne6+ Bxe6 17.Rxe6 Kd7 and Black’s lead in development is overpowering.) 10...d5 11.Qxf4 Qxf4 12.Bxf4 Bg4 with equal prospects.

b) 8...Qh5 transposes below.

7.d4 Nf6 8.Qxf4 Qxf4 9.Bxf4 d5 10.Bd3 Bg4+ 11.Ne2 Nc6 12.c3 0–0–0 13.Nd2 provided equal chances in a correspondence match between the cities of Stuttgart and Karlsruhe, 1863.

7.Nc3 Nf6 8.Qe2 Nc6 9.Nf3 Qh5 10.Re1 Kd8 is clearly better for Black.

7...Qh5 8.Bxg8!

8.Re1 Nc6 The interpolation of these moves before capturing at g8 was at one time considered the standard plan, but as we shall see, White does better to capture immediately. 9.Bxg8 (9.b4 Nf6 10.Qe2 d6 11.Bb2 a6 was shown to be equal by W.C. Spencer, Chess Journal 1973: 12.a4 Bg4 13.b5 Bxf3 14.gxf3 Ne5 15.Bxe5 dxe5 16.Qxe5 Qxe5 17.Rxe5) 9...Rxg8 10.Nc3 d6! Black has time for this move because he has already developed his Nb8, and White’s Rh1–e1 has not had any real effect. 11.Nd5 (11.d3 is playable, but after 11...Bf5 12.Qc4 0–0–0 13.Nd5 Bf6 14.Nxf4 Qg4 15.h3 Qg3 16.Re2 Rge8! Black has nothing to fear but he draw which results from 17.Nh5 Qg6 18.Nf4 Qg3 etc.) 11...Bf5 12.Qc4 (12.Nxf4 Bxe4 13.Nxh5 Bxf3+ 14.gxf3 0–0–0 gives Black plenty of weaknesses to strike against, with nothing much for White to aim for.) 12...Bxc2+ It is absolutely clear that Keres’ 12...Bg4 is a stronger move, but it hasn’t been played yet. Even so, the text is a playable option.

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a) 13.Qxc2 Qxd5 14.Qxh7 0–0–0 15.b3 Bf6 gives Black a very strong initiative. Mayet - Neumann, Berlin 1866 saw further 16.Rb1 g5 17.Qe4 Qxe4 18.Rxe4 g4 19.Ne1 (19.Rxf4 gxf3 20.Rxf6 fxg2 wins for Black.) 19...Be5 20.Bb2 Bxb2 21.Rxb2 Rdf8 22.d3 d5 23.Ree2 Nd4 24.Rf2 Nf5 with a substantial advantage for Black.

b) 13.Kxc2? Qxd5 14.Qxd5 Nb4+ and 15...Nxd5 is clearly a bad idea for White.

c) 13.Ke2! 13...Bh4! A big improvement over 13...Qg6, seen in Hoffer - Hirschfeld, London 1882, where White could have played 14 Kf2, and if 14...Kd7, then 15 Rxe7+!! wins. 14.Nxc7+ 14 d4 is met by 14...0–0–0 and Black is clearly out of danger. 14...Kd7 15.Nxa8 Re8+ 16.Kf1 Rxe1+ 17.Nxe1 Qd1 18.g3 fxg3 19.hxg3 (19.Qxc2 fails to 19...Qxe1+!! 20.Kxe1 gxh2+ 21.Ke2 Nd4+! or 19.Qxh4 Bd3+ 20.Kg2 Qe2+ 21.Kxg3 Qxe1+ 22.Kg4 Bf5+) 19...Bxg3 20.Qe2 Bd3 21.Qxd3 Qxe1+ 22.Kg2 Qf2+ 23.Kh3 Qh2+ 24.Kg4 Ne5+ and Black wins.

8.d4 is well met by 8...Nc6! 9.Qxf4 d5 since 10.Qxc7 Nf6 11.Be2 0–0 12.Nc3 invites 12...Ne4! 13.Nxe4 dxe4 14.Ne5 Qh4 15.g3 Qh3! (15...Qf6?! is met by 16.Rf1 e.g. 16...Qd6 17.Bc4+ Kh8 18.Qxd6 Bxd6 19.Nf7+!) 16.Nxc6 bxc6 and now Wildman - West, match 1903 continued 17.Qxe7 Be6 18.Be3 Rae8 19.Qc5 Rf3! 20.Kd2 Rxe3 and now White blundered with 21.Qxc6 after which 21...Rxe2+ 22.Kxe2 Qg2+ 23.Ke3 Qf3+ 24.Kd2 e3+ won. Better was 21 Ke3, although the White king is still in great danger.

8...Rxg8

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9.Nc3!

9.d4 seen in Franke - Flechsig, Leipzig 1877, should be met by 9...d5 with more than equality, since Black gains time to complete development.

9.Re1 Nc6 transposes above. This is the most testing continuation, even though most sources (except Leach, of course) overlook it.

9...Nc6 10.Nd5!

Again, the insipid 10 Re1 merely transposes above.

10...Kd8 11.Nxf4 Qf7 12.Qxh7 d6!?

Leach cites only 12...d5, after which White gains the advantage with 13 d3! Bf5 14 Qh5 g6 15 Ng5 Qf6 16 Qf3, Cordel - Neumann, Paris 1867. Even here, however, Black might be able to escape with 14...Qxh5!? 15 Nxh5 Bg4 16 Nf4 Nd4 17 Rf1 Rf8 and now 18 Nxd5 is met by 18...Nxf3 19 gxf3 Bxf3+, but White has 18 h3 Bxf3+ 19 gxf3 Bg5 20 Nxd5, e.g. 20...Bxc1 21 Rxc1 c6 22 Nc3 Rxf3 followed by Kd7, where Black is still slightly worse but not in mortal danger. Still, why not 12...d6!?Black does not place the pawn on a square where it is within the range of the White knight. Instead, he keeps it closer to home where it aslo observes the e5-square.

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Suppose White continues as above. Now in the case of 13 d3 Bf5 14 Qh5 g6 15 Ng5 Qf6 16 Qf3, he can play 16...Ne5! and meet 17 Qxb7 with 17...Bxg4+ 18 Nf3 Kd7!? This is an untested idea which requires further examination. It must be said, however, that the chances of White knowing this line at all are pretty slim (unless he owns this book, of course!).

Chapter 11

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Qf3

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The Breyer Gambit is generally considered to be unpromising for White, although authorities strongly differ about the best way of meeting it.Breyer demonstrated the playability of this move against 3...Qh4+, although present thinking is that the conseqences are less than fully clear.The move 3 Qf3 would seem to rule out 3...d5, but in fact that move is also playable, and is preferred by Estrin & Glazkov.Nevertheless, I believe that the best reply is the move which develops a piece with useful threats in the center, although we will have to be mindful of Estrin & Glazkov’s improvements in the old main line, and choose another path.

3...Nc6!

Let’s stick with our thematic move!

4.c3

Keres showed that other moves give Black a good game.

4.Ne2 d5! 5.exd5 Ne5 (5...Nb4 6.Na3 Nf6 is also good.) 6.Qe4 Bd6 7.Nxf4 Nf6 8.Qa4+ Bd7 9.Qb3 0–0 10.d4 Ng6 11.Ne2 Re8 12.Nbc3 Ne4 13.Nxe4 Rxe4 14.Qd3 Qe7 and White had a miserable position in Fazekas-Gligoric, Bognor Regis 1957.

4.Qxf4 regains the pawn, but loses time. The German correspondence player Daikeler has been spectacularly unsuccessful with it. 4...d5 (4...Qf6 5.Qxf6 Nxf6 6.Nc3 Bc5 7.Nf3 0–0 8.Be2 Re8 9.d3 d5 10.exd5 Nb4 11.Kd1 Nbxd5 12.Nxd5 Nxd5 13.d4 Bb6 is a little better for Black, and this is a fully playable alternative. Neto-Malaniuk, Oviedo 1993.) 5.exd5 (5.Bb5 Nge7 6.exd5 Qxd5 7.Bxc6+ Nxc6 8.Qe3+ Be6 9.Nf3 0–0–0 and Black has a great Scandinavian Defense, Daikeler-Otte, Postal 1990. Or 5.a3 Bd6 6.Qe3 d4 7.Qd3 Nf6 8.Nf3 0–0 9.Nxd4 Nxd4 10.Qxd4 Bg3+ 11.Qf2 Bxf2+ was Daikeler-Zuechner, Postal 1990.) 5...Nb4 6.Qe4+ Qe7 7.Qxe7+ Bxe7 8.Na3 (8.Bd3 Nf6 9.c4 Nxd3+ 10.Kf1 Nxc1 11.Nf3 Bf5 12.Nc3 Nd3 13.b3 0–0–0 and White resigned in Daikeler-Wolfram, Postal 1990.) 8...Bf5 9.d3 Nxd5 10.Nf3 Ngf6 11.Nc4 0–0–0 12.Bd2 Rhe8 13.0–0–0 Ng4 14.Re1 Bf6 15.h3 Rxe1+ 16.Bxe1 Nge3 17.Nxe3 Nxe3 18.Bd2 Nxf1 19.Rxf1 Re8 and Black has a better endgame, Daikeler-Geisler, Postal 1990,

4...Ne5!?

The choice of this seemingly strange move, which involves the second move of the knight early in the game, is based on a problem with the old main line.

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4...d6 5.d4 g5 is an interesting alternative, for example 6.Bc4 Qf6 7.g3 Be6 8.Bb5 Bd7 9.gxf4 gxf4 10.Bxf4 Nge7 11.Nd2 Rg8 12.Bg3 Qg5 13.Bc4 0–0–0 14.Qf2 Bh6 15.Ngf3 Qh5 , Schlenker-Hengstler, Donau 1975.

5.Qxf4

5.Qe2 is suggested by Leach, with the idea of following up with d2-d4. But Black can then play 5...g5 6.d4 Ng6 solidly defending the pawn, or simply 5...d6 6 d4 Ng6 (or 6...Qh4+!?) or even 5...Qh4+, so the retreat by the queen hardly seems troublesome.On the other hand, in the game continuation, the White queen gets chased all over the kingside!

5...Bd6

The tactic of returning the pawn for an initiative is a common one in the lines which involve an early development of the queen!

6.Qe3 Ng4 7.Qh3 h5 8.d4 Qf6

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White has control of the center, but Black has a big lead in development and the White forecourt is quite weak. White now concedes a pawn to reduce the pressure.

9.Qf3 Bxh2 10.Bc4 Qxf3 11.Nxf3 Bg3+ 12.Ke2 Nf2 13.Rf1 Nxe4

Black can safely grab this second pawn, so long as he declines the following piece sacrifice.

14.Bxf7+! Ke7 15.Bg6 Ngf6 16.Nbd2 Nxd2 17.Bxd2 d6

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Black has an extra pawn and his king is just as safe as that of his opponent, Kupka - Blatny, Czechoslovakia 1962.