What is the IPCC?
Recognizing the problem of potential global climate change the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 1988. It is open to all members of the UNEP and WMO.
The role of the IPCC is to assess the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant for the understanding of the risk of human-induced climate change. It does not carry out new research nor does it monitor climate related data. It bases its assessment mainly on published and peer reviewed scientific technical literature.
The IPCC has three working groups:

º	Working Group I assesses the scientific aspects of the climate system and climate change.
º	Working Group II addresses the vulnerability of socio-economic and natural systems to climate change, negative and positive consequences of climate change, and options for adapting to it.
º	Working Group III assesses options for limiting greenhouse gas emissions and otherwise mitigating climate change.

Select IPCC Reports

º	The Regional Impacts of Climate Change – An Assessment of Vulnerability (1998). A Special Report of IPCC Working group II. R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, and R.H. Moss (Eds). Cambridge University Press, UK. pp 517.
º	IPCC Second Assessment Report: Climate Change (1995). A Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, and R.H. Moss (Eds). Cambridge University Press, UK. pp 517. The report includes:
	– The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. JT Houghton, LG Meira Filho, BA Callender, N Harris, A Kattenberg and K Maskell (Eds). Cambridge University Press, UK. pp 572.
	– Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. R.T.Watson, M.C.Zinyowera, R.H.Moss (Eds). Cambridge University Press, UK. pp 878.
	– Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. J.P.Bruce, H.Lee, E.F.Haites (Eds). Cambridge University Press, UK. pp 448.

What is the USGCRP?
The U.S. Global Change Research Program was formally established by Congress in 1990 to coordinate the resources and research activities of a dozen federal agencies, especially national research activities and U.S. participation in international research activities supporting programs such as the World Climate Research Programme, the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, and the Human Dimensions Programme. The USGCRP coordinates a broad agenda of research, supporting the Mission to Planet Earth, ozone depletion studies, and work on the human dimensions of global change. Questions that drive the USGCRP's climate change research include:

º	What is the climate's response to increasing concentrations of aerosols and greenhouse gases?
º	What are the impacts of climate change on society and the environment?
º	How can society mitigate future climate change or adapt to its consequences?

Based on these questions, research focuses on observing and documenting Earth system behavior; understanding the processes that influence changes in the Earth system; developing and applying models to predict climate change; evaluating the effects of climate change on agriculture, forests, water resources, coastal regions, ecosystems, and other natural resources; and improving the capabilities to mitigate adverse consequences and capitalize on any beneficial opportunities that climate change may present. Because the importance of climate change depends largely on the physical and economic impacts on human society, USGCRP has started to shift its funding toward increased evaluation of the socio-economic implications of climate change.

Recent Accomplishments of the USGCRP

º	Climate models successfully simulated the transient cooling of the lower atmosphere in response to the sulfates emitted by the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
º	The improved ability to forecast El Nino and resulting shifts in tropical and subtropical precipitation is helping farmers in North and South America to plan better and thereby boost yields and reduce economic disruptions.
º	Model simulations of changes in climate over the last 100 years match observed patterns more closely when both greenhouse gases and the regional concentrations of sulfate aerosols are taken into account.
º	Combined satellite and surface measurements recently identified an unexpected absorption of 25-40 watts per square meter of radiation by the atmosphere. This new information will lead to a reanalysis of the Earth's radiation balance and the role of clouds in climate change.
º	Observations show that since 1970, precipitation over the U.S. has increased by about 5 percent compared with the previous 70 years, primarily in the autumn. In addition, the frequency of extreme rainfall events (more than 2" per day) has increased throughout much of the country.
º	Arctic ecosystems exposed to elevated levels of carbon dioxide only increased productivity for a few years, suggesting that the CO2 fertilization effect may be short-lived.