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belongs to the Netherlandic-German group within the western branch of the
Germanic languages, a subfamily of the Indo-European languages.
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it comprises two
main groups of dialects, High German (including standard literary German)
and Low German.
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it is spoken in
Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and is widely understood in several
East-European countries (Hungary, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia etc.)
- 38% of all European citizens say they can converse in German.
- The Low German dialects, or Low Saxon as they are sometimes known
more precisely, are more closely related to Lower Franconian languages
like
Dutch than to the High German dialects, and from a linguist's
perspective are not part of the German language proper. The High
German dialects spoken by Germanic communities in the former Soviet
union and Ashkenazi Jews have several unique features, and are usually
considered the separate language Yiddish.
- German is written using the Latin alphabet. In addition to the 26
standard letters, German has three vowels with Umlaut, namely ä, ö and
ü, as well as a special symbol for "ss", which is only used in special
cases: ß. Until recently, however, German was printed in Gothic black
letters (Fraktur, or Schwabacher) and written in Sütterlin. These
variants of the Latin alphabet are very different from the serif or
sans serif typefaces used today, and are difficult for the untrained
to read.
- German was once the lingua franca of central, eastern and northern
Europe. Increasing influence from the
English language has affected
German recently. However, German remains one of the most popular
foreign languages taught worldwide, and is more popular than
French as a foreign language in Europe.
When Martin Luther
translated the Bible (the New Testament in 1521 and the Old Testament in
1534) he based his translation mainly on this already developed language,
which was the most widely understood language at this time. In the
beginning, copies of the Bible had a long list for each region, which
translated words unknown in the region into the regional dialect. Roman
Catholics rejected Luther's translation in the beginning and tried to create
their own Catholic standard (Gemaines Deutsch). It took until the middle of
the 18th century to create a standard, that was widely accepted, thus ending
the period of Early New High German.
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Aachener Zeitung
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Abendzeitung
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Bayerische Rundschau
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Berliner Abendblatt
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Berliner Morgenpost
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Bild
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Bremer Nachrichten
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Der Standard
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Der Tagesspiegel
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Die Presse -
newspaper published in Vienna, Austria's leading daily (though far
from the largest) and one of Europe's outstanding journals... The
modern Die Presse is generally liberally oriented, but it is
conservative in its support of free enterprise. It is a militant
supporter of freedom of the press.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Die Welt -
one of the most influential in Germany
and the only one of national scope and stature published in Bonn
during that city's time as West German capital.
Die Welt was established in 1946 as a four-page semiweekly by British
occupation authorities in Hamburg.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Die Weltwoche
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Die Zeit - weekly
newspaper published in Hamburg, a review of the week inpolitics and
public affairs as they affect Europe and especially Germany... The
paper's editorial position is moderate, and its contributors are drawn
from the first ranks of German journalists and authors. It is
generally regarded as one of the leading weekly reviews in Germany.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Dresdner Neueste Nachrichten
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Express
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Financial Times Deutschland
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Focus
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Format
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Frankfurter Allgemeine
- daily newspaper published in Frankfurt am Main, one of the most
prestigious and influential in Germany... The staff considers the
paper's editorial policy to be centrist, but it is widely accounted
conservative because of its championship of private enterprise. More
than 10 percent of its readers are in other countries of Europe and
abroad.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Frankfurter Rundschau
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General-Anzeiger
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Hamburger Morgenpost
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Handelsblatt
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Junge Freiheit
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Katholische Sonntagszeitung
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Kleine Zeitung
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Kölnische Rundschau
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Kurier
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Leipziger Volkszeitung
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Neue Kronen Zeitung
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Neue Zürcher Zeitung
- daily newspaper published in Zürich and generally
considered one of the world's great newspapers... The paper is
characterized by careful, nonsensational, thoughtful reporting; by
highly informed and extremely thorough analysis; and by background
information that is supplied as a context for every important story.
The large proportion of space that NZZ devotes to international news
is remarkable by any other paper's standards. It maintains a
correspondent, and sometimes two—an economist and a political observer—in
more than 30 major world cities.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Profil
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Salzburger Nachrichten
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Stern
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Süddeutsche Zeitung
- daily newspaper published in Munich, considered one of the three
most influential papers in Germany.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Tages-Anzeiger
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Wiener Zeitung
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Artikelsammlung Biblische Themen
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Luther-Bibel
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Altes und Neues Testament
in der revidierten Fassung von 1984.
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Unrevidierte
Lutherbibel (1545)
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Text der deutschen Bibel
von 1545 in moderner Schreibweise und eine Kritik moderner Bibelversionen.
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