Backing
up Printing the reverse side of a sheet already printed on one
side.
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Basis weight
The weight in pounds of a ream (500 sheets) of paper cut to a given
standard size for that grade; e.g., 500 sheets 25 x 38 of 80-1b.
coated book paper weigh eighty pounds.
Bit In computers,
the basic unit of digital information; contraction of Binary digit.
Bit map In
typographic imaging, the electronic representation of a page,
indicating the position of every possible spot (zero or one).
Black-and-white
Originals or reproductions in single color, as distinguished from
multicolor.
Blanket /n offset
printing, a rubber-surfaced fabric which is clamped around a cylinder,
to which the image is transferred from the plate, and from which
it is transferred to the paper.
Bleed An extra
amount of printed image which extends beyond the trim edge of the
sheet or page
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Blind embossing A design which is stamped without metallic
leaf or ink, giving a bas-relief effect.
Body type A type used for the main part or text of a printed
piece, as distinguished from the heading
-
Bold-face type A name given to type that is heavier than the
text type with which it is used.
Bond paper A grade of writing or printing paper where strength,
durability, and permanence are essential requirements; used for
letterheads, business forms, etc. The basic size is 17 x 22.
Book paper A general term for coated and uncoated papers. The
basic size is 25 x 38.
Brochure A pamphlet bound in booklet form.
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Burn In platemaking, a common term used for a plate exposure.
Byte In computers, a unit of digital information, equivalent
to one character or eight bits.
C
- Caliper The thickness
of paper, usually expressed in thousandths of an inch (mils).
Camera-ready Copy which is ready for photography.
CMYK Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black-subtractive primary colors.
Coated paper Paper having a surface coating which produces a
smooth finish Surfaces vary from eggshell to glossy
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Collate In binding, the gathering of sheets or
signatures.
Color correction Any method such as masking, dot-etching, re-etching,
and scanning, used to improve color rendition.
Color keys Off-press overlay color proofs using 3M color key
materials .
Color separation In photography, the process of separating
color originals into the primary printing color components in negative
or positive form
Condensed type A narrow or slender type face
Continuous tone A photographic image which contains gradient
tones from black to white.
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Contrast The tonal gradation between the highlights, middle
tones, and shadows in an original or reproduction.
Copy Any furnished material (typewritten manuscript, pictures,
artwork, etc ) to be used in the production of printing.
Cover paper A term applied to a variety of papers used for the
covers of catalogs, brochures, booklets, and similar pieces.
Crop To eliminate portions of the copy, usually on a photograph
or plate, indicated on the original by "cropmarks".
Cross direction In paper, the direction across the grain.
Paper is weaker and more sensitive to changes in relative humidity
in the cross direction than the grain direction.
Crossmarks See register marks.
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Curl In paper, the distortion of a sheet due to differences
in structure or coatings from one side to the other, or to absorption
of moisture on an offset press.
Cyan One of the subtractive primaries the hue of which is used
for one of the 4-color process inks. It reflects or transmits blue
and green light and absorbs red light.
D
-
- Deckle edge The untrimmed
feathery edges of paper formed where the pulp flows against the
deckle.
Densitometer In printing, a reflection densitometer is
used to measure and control the density of color inks on the substrate.
Descender That part of a lower case letter which extends below
the main body, as in "p".
Die-cutting The process of using sharp steel rules to cut special
shapes for labels, boxes and containers, from printed sheets. Die-cutting
can be done on either flat-bed or rotary presses. Rotary die-cutting
is usually done inline with the printing.
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Digital color proof An off-press color proof produced from digital
data without the need for separation films.
Display type In composition, type set larger than the
text, used to attract attention.
Dot The individual element of a halftone.
Dot gain In printing, a defect in which dots print
larger than they should, causing darker tones or stronger colors.
Drier In inkmaking, a substance added to hasten
drying
Dummy A preliminary layout showing the position of illustrations
and text as they are to appear in the final reproduction. A set
of blank pages made up in advance to show the size, shape, form
and general style of a piece of printing.
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Duotone In photomechanics, a term for a two-color
halftone reproduction from a one-color photograph
Duplex paper Paper with a different color or finish on
each side.
E
- Electronic printing Any
technology that reproduces pages without the use of traditional
ink, water or chemistry.
Embossing Impressing an image in relief to achieve a raised
surface; either overprinting or on blank paper (called blind
embossing).
Emulsion side In photography, the side of the f ilm coated
with the silver halide emulsion which should face the lens during
exposure.
Expanded Type A type whose width is greater than normal.
F
Feeder In printing presses, the section that separates
the sheets and feeds them in position for printing.
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Felt side The smoother side of the paper for printing. The top
side of the sheet in paper manufacturing.
Flat In offset-lithography, the assembled composite of negatives
on goldenrod paper or positives on film, ready for platemaking.
Flush cover A cover that has been trimmed the same size as the
inside text pages.
Flush left (or right) In composition, type set to line
up at the left (or right). This page is set flush left and right.
Flush paragraph A paragraph with no indention.
Font In composition, a complete assortment of letters,
numbers, punctuation marks, etc. of a given size and design.
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FPO For Position Only.
G
- Grain In papermaking,
the direction in which most fibers lie which corresponds with the
direction the paper is made on a paper machine.
Gray scale A strip of standard gray tones, ranging from white
to black, placed at the side of original copy during photography
to measure tonal range and contrast obtained.
Gripper edge The leading edge of paper as it passes through
a printing press. Also, the front edge of a lithographic or wrap-
around plate that is secured to front clamp of plate cylinder.
Gripper margin Unprintable blank edge of paper on which grippers
bear, usually 1/2 inch or less.
Grippers In sheetfed printing presses, metal fingers that clamp
on paper and control its flow as it passes through.
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Gutter The blank space or inner margin from printing area to
binding.
H
- Hairline register
Register within + or - 1/2 row of dots.
Halftone The reproduction of continuous-tone artwork, such as
a photograph, through a contact screen, which converts the image
into dots of various sizes.
Hard copy The permanent visual record of the output of a computer
or printer.
I
Imagesetter In typographic imaging, a device that outputs
type, line art and photos. A typesetter essentially outputs type.
Imposition The arranging of pages in a press form to ensure
the correct order after the printed sheet is folded and trimmed.
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Impression In printing,
the pressure of type, plate or blanket as it comes in contact with
the paper.
Impression cylinder ln printing, the cylinder on a printing
press against which the paper picks up the impression from the inked
plate in direct printing, or the blanket in offset printing.
Ink fountain In printing presses, the device which stores
and supplies ink to the inking rollers.
Italic The style of letters that slant, in distinction from
upright, or roman, letters. Used for emphasis within the text.
J
- Jog To align sheets
of paper into a compact pile.
Justify In composition, to space out lines uniformly
to the correct length.
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K
KB Kilobyte-1,000
bytes.
- Kerning In typesetting,
subtracting the space between two characters, to be closer together.
L
Laid paper Paper with a pattern of parallel lines at equal distances,
giving a ribbed effect.
Lamination A plastic film bonded by heat and pressure to a printed
sheet for protection or appearance.
Layout The drawing or sketch of a proposed printed piece. In
platemaking, a sheet indicating the settings for a step-and-repeat
machine.
Leading (pronounced ledding) In composition, the
distance between lines of type measured in points.
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Line copy Any copy suitable for reproduction without using a
halftone screen.
M
- M Abbreviation for
a quantity of 1000 sheets of paper.
MB Megabyte-1,000,000 bytes.
Magenta One of the subtractive primaries the hue of which is
used for one of the 4-color process inks. It reflects or transmits
blue and red light and absorbs green light.
Makeready In printing, all work done in setting up a
press for printing, i .e., adjusting the feeder, grippers, side
guide, puning ink in the fountain, etc.
Matte finish Dull paper finish without gloss or luster.
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N
- Negative In photography,
film containing an image in which the values of the original are
reversed so that the dark areas appear light and vice versa. (See
positive )
O
Offset See set-off .In printing, the process of using
an intermediate blanket cylinder to transfer an image from the image
carrier to the substrate. Short for offset lithography.
Opacity That property of paper which minimizes the "show-through"
of printing from the back side or the next sheet.
Overprinting Double printing; printing over an area that already
- has been printed.
Overrun In printing, copies printed in excess of the
specified quantity.
P
Pagination In computerized typesetting, the process of
performing page makeup automatically.
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pH A number used for expressing the acidity or alkalinity of
solutions. A value of 7 is neutral in a scale ranging from O to
14. Solutions with values below 7 are acid, above 7 are alkaline
Picking The lifting of the paper surface during printing. It
occurs when pulling force (tack) of ink is greater than surface
strength of paper.
Pixel In electronic imaging, a basic unit of digital
imaging. Can contain text or gray scale information for photographs
or just represent the presence or absence of a spot (zero or one).
Plate cylinder The cylinder of a press on which the plate is
mounted.
Positive In photography, film containing an image in
which the dark and light values are the same as the original. The
reverse of negative.
Press proofs In color reproduction, a proof of a color
subject made on a printing press, in advance of the production run.
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Pressure-sensitive paper Material with an adhesive coating,
protected by a backing sheet until used, which will stick without
moistening.
Print quality A term describing the visual impression of a printed
piece. In paper, the properties of the paper that affect
its appearance and the quality of reproduction.
Process colors In printing, the subtractive primaries:
yellow, magenta and cyan, plus black in four-color process printing.
R
- Ragged left In
typesetting, type that is justified on the right margin and
ragged on the left.
Ragged right In typesetting, type that is justified on
the left margin and ragged on the right.
Raster image processor (RIP) In typographic imaging,
the computerized process that results in an electronic bit map which
indicates every spot position on a page in preparation for an actual
printout.
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Ream Five hundred sheets of paper.
Register In printing, fitting of two or more printing
images in exact alignment with each other.
Register marks Crosses or other targets applied to original
copy prior to photography. Used for positioning negatives in register,
or for register of two or more colors in process printing.
RGB Red, Green, Blue-additive primary colors.
Right-angle fold In binding, a term used for two or more
folds that are at 90° angles to each other.
S
- Saddle wire In
binding, to fasten a booklet by wiring it through the middle
fold of the sheets.
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Scaling Determining the proper size of an image to be reduced
or enlarged to fit an area.
Scanner An electronic device used in the making of color and
tone-corrected separations of images.
Score To impress or indent a mark with a string or rule in the
paper to make folding easier.
Serif The short cross-lines at the ends of the main strokes
of many letters in some type faces.
Shadow The darkest parts in a photograph, represented in a halftone
by the largest dots
Sheetwise To print one side of a sheet of paper with one plate
then turn the sheet over and print the other side with another plate
using same gripper and side guide.
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Side guide On sheet-fedpresses, a guide on the feed board
to position the sheet sideways as it feeds into the front guides
before entering the impression cylinder.
Signature In printing and binding, the name given to
a printed sheet after it has been folded.
Spiral binding A book bound with wires in spiral form inserted
through holes punched along the binding side.
Stock Paper or other material to be printed.
Stripping In offset-lithography, the positioning of negatives
(or positives) on a flat to compose a page or layout for platemaking.
Subtractive primaries Yellow, magenta and cyan, the hues
used for process color printing inks.
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T
- Text The body matter
of a page or book, as distinguished from the headings.
Trapping The ability to print a wet ink film over previously
printed ink. Dry trapping is printing wet ink over dry ink.
Wet trapping is printing wet ink over previously printed
wet ink.
Trim marks In printing, marks placed on the copy to indicate
the edge of the page.
V
- Varnish A thin, protective
coating applied to a printed sheet for protection or appearance.
Also, in inkmaking, it can be all or part of the ink vehicle.
Vellum finish In papermaking, a toothy finish which is
relatively absorbent for fast ink penetration.
Viscosity In printing inks, a broad term encompassing the properties
of tack and flow.
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W
- Washup The process
of cleaning the rollers, form or plate, and sometimes the ink fountain
of a printing press.
Widow In composition, a single word in a line by itself,
ending a paragraph; frowned upon in good typography.
With the grain Folding or feeding paper into a press parallel
to the grain of the paper.
Work and tumble To print one side of a sheet of paper, then
turn the sheet over from gripper to back using the same side guide
and plate to print the second side.
Work and turn To print one side of a sheet of paper, then turn
the sheet over from left to right and print the second side. The
same gripper and plate are used for printing both sides
Wove paper Paper having a uniform unlined surface and a soft
smooth finish.
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wysiwyg In electronicpublishing, anacronym for
What You See Is What You Get which means that the typographic
page viewed on the screen of a workstation essentially represents
what the printer will output.
Y
- Yellow One of the
subtractive primaries the hue of which is used for one of the 4-color
process inks. It reflects red and greed light and absorbs blue.
Z
- Zip Disk / Drive
A removable media disk drive format from Iomega, more popular with
Mac users.
| Source:
Pocket Pal, A Graphic Arts Production Handbook, 14th Edition,
Copyright 1989 |
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|
