|
Roman God Sphere of Operation |
Name |
M/F |
Misc. Data
|
|
Abundance |
Copia |
F |
|
|
Abundance |
Porus |
M |
|
|
Abundance |
Volumnus |
M |
|
|
Action |
Agenor |
M |
|
|
Aids in strenuous work; also healing |
Strenia |
F |
Old Sabine goddess; temple on the Via Sacra; also oversees distribution of new year’s gifts |
|
Aids the weary |
Fessonia |
F |
|
|
Boundaries |
Terminus |
M |
Very old and important deity; his festival, the Terminalia, was in February; landowners sacrificed at the boundary stones of their property |
|
Civic: spirit of the Palatine |
Palatua |
F |
Identified with Pales |
|
Civic: welfare of the state |
Salus |
F |
|
|
Commerce, Weights and Measures |
Castor & Pollux |
M |
Greek imports but very important and ubiquitous |
|
Communications; doors; the harbor |
Portunus; Portumnus |
M |
Appears in the Aeneid |
|
Council; good advice |
Consus |
M |
|
|
Death |
Tarpeia |
F |
|
|
Death: funerals |
Larenta |
F |
|
|
Death: funerals |
Libitina |
F |
Register of the dead is kept at her temples |
|
Death: funerals |
Naenia |
F |
Especially funerals of the aged |
|
Death: power over life and death |
Genita-Mana |
F |
Name means "Birth-Death" |
|
Discord |
Ate, Discordia |
F |
Daughter of Nox, goddess of evil, exiled from Olympus by Jove; sister of Nemesis, the Parcae and Death |
|
Disease |
Verminus |
M |
Name means "wormy" |
|
Disease: fever |
Febris |
F |
|
|
Disease: stenches that produce illness: swamps and sewer |
Mefitis |
F |
|
|
Disease: the itch |
Scabies |
F |
|
|
Doors; beginnings and endings; |
Janus |
M |
Major deity; see Terminus, Portunus |
|
Emotion: Alarm |
Pavor |
M |
Child of Mars |
|
Emotion: dispels mental anguish |
Volupia |
F |
|
|
Emotion: family harmony |
Verplaca |
F |
Families reconciled at her temple on the Palatine |
|
Emotion: fear |
Pallor |
F |
Child of Mars |
|
Emotion: inspiration |
Stimula |
F |
|
|
Excrement |
Caca |
F |
Ministered to by the Vestals |
|
Fertility |
Nerio |
F |
Consort of Mars; old Sabine goddess |
|
Flowers |
Flora |
F |
Gave magic flower to Juno so she could conceive Mars without a father; joyful Floralia in March w/ theater, games |
|
Food |
Edesia |
F |
|
|
Food: apples |
Pomona |
F |
Entire month of September was sacred to her; festival participants decked out in flowers |
|
Food: baking |
Fornax |
F |
"Oven"; festival of the Fornacalia celebrated in February; also call the "Festival of the Stupid" |
|
Food: beverages |
Bibesia |
F |
|
|
Food: fruit, abundance of |
Frutesca |
F |
|
|
Food: honey |
Mellona |
F |
|
|
Food: the grindstone |
Molae |
F |
Daughter of Mars; Worshipped by millers |
|
Fraud and deception |
Fraus |
F |
A young woman with hidden deformities and a snake’s tail; daughter of Orcus and Nox |
|
Healing |
Caia Caecilia |
F |
Deified mortal princess Tanaquil |
|
Healing |
Meditrina |
F |
Sister of Hygeia, daughter of Aesculapius; restored health, whereas Hygeia preserved health; festival in October |
|
Healing |
Minerva Medica |
F |
Goddess of physicians; Greek Athena |
|
Healing |
Valentia |
F |
Umbrian town of Oriculum |
|
Healing: especially of poison |
Angitia |
F |
Sister of Circe and Medea; sacred grove on Lake Fuscinus where both poisonous snakes and medicinal herbs were found |
|
Healing; prophecy; water: river god |
Clitumnus |
M |
Umbrian |
|
Highway bandits |
Furrina |
F |
Festival at the end of June |
|
Home: hinges |
Cluerca or Carda |
F |
Originally a nymph and virgin huntress; fooled would-be suitors by sending them ahead of her into a cave and then disappearing; couldn’t fool Janus who could see in both directions; he made her a goddess |
|
Home: lintels |
Limentinus |
M |
|
|
Home: thresholds |
Forculus |
M |
|
|
Home: Weaving |
Lina |
F |
|
|
Horses |
Epona |
F |
|
|
Industry and Silence |
Agenoria |
F |
|
|
Journeys |
Adeona |
F |
|
|
Kindness, good will, the Etruscan federation |
Voltumna |
F |
|
|
Landscape: groves |
Nemestrinus |
M |
Mentioned only by Arbonius |
|
Landscape: hills and downs |
Collatina |
F |
|
|
Landscape: nature |
Sylvanus |
M |
Frightening deity, sometimes beneficent |
|
Landscape: old nature god |
Picus |
M |
Son of Saturn; Father of Sylvanus; So beautiful all who saw him fell in love; "woodpecker" |
|
Landscape: the earth |
Tellumo |
F |
Very old god |
|
Landscape: trees, orchards, woods |
Feronia |
F |
Goddess who tames what is wild; frees slaves |
|
Landscapes: the valleys |
Vallonia |
F |
|
|
Lares, Mother of, wife of Mercury |
Lara |
F |
Mother by Jupiter; an Etruscan goddess |
|
Luck |
Bonus Eventus |
F |
Affected single events, not the course of a life |
|
Marriage |
Jugatinus |
M |
Also mountain ridges |
|
Marriage: brings the bride into the house |
Domitius; Domidius |
M |
|
|
Marriage: courtship |
Juga |
F |
|
|
Marriage: Honeymoon |
Subigus |
M |
Tutelary god of the wedding night |
|
Marriage: honeymoon; loosens the bride’s girdle |
Cinxia |
F |
|
|
Marriage: keeps the couple together |
Manturnae |
F |
|
|
Marriage: mutual Love and tenderness |
Anteros |
M |
|
|
Mediator between gods and humans |
Soranus |
M |
Health, purification,
savage, ecstatic rites |
|
Money |
Pecunia |
F |
|
|
Money: metal coins |
Aesculanus |
M |
|
|
Monster |
Cacus |
M |
Three-headed, fire-breathing monster killed by Hercules in fight over some of Geryon’s cattle |
|
Monster |
Volta |
M |
Volsciian monster; depicted in Etruscan art as daemonic entity with wolf's head |
|
Moon |
Luna |
F |
|
|
Night |
Noctornus |
M |
Perhaps same as Vesper or Nox |
|
Numbers |
Numeria |
F |
|
|
Nymph |
Carmenta |
F |
Mother of the Camenae; aka Postverta |
|
Nymph |
Egeria |
F |
A Camena |
|
Oaths |
Fidius Dius; Sanctus Saber; Semipater |
M |
|
|
Oaths |
Semo Sancus |
M |
Old Latin deity; see Fides in Virtues & Personifications |
|
Openings of roads and towns |
Panda |
F |
|
|
Persuasion |
Suadela |
F |
|
|
Pleasure: Beauty |
Hora |
F |
|
|
Pleasure: Coition |
Perfica |
F |
|
|
Pleasure: Laziness |
Mercia |
F |
|
|
Pleasure: Leisure and Repose |
Vacuna |
F |
Festival in December |
|
Pleasure: Lust |
Libentina |
F |
|
|
Pleasure: Night life |
Comus |
M |
|
|
Pleasure: Sensuality |
Voluptas |
F |
|
|
Prayer |
Peta |
F |
|
|
Protectress of things purified by ritual |
Lua |
F |
Wife of Saturn |
|
Protects from enemies, drives them away |
Pellonia |
F |
|
|
Protects from evil, envy, black magic, demons, illness |
Fascinus |
M |
|
|
Punishment |
Poena |
F |
|
|
Reputation, rumor |
Fama |
F |
A troublesome goddess, mixes truth and falsehood |
|
Sewers |
Cloacina |
F |
"The Purifier" |
|
Silence (or change) |
Muta / Tacita |
F |
|
|
Singing |
Camoena |
F |
|
|
Slavery: freedom and manumission |
Libertas |
F |
Cats are dear to her |
|
Stars: Morning star |
Lucifer |
M/F |
|
|
Thieves and Impostors |
Laverna |
F |
Had an altar and sanctuary grove on the Aventine where thieves hid and prayed to her for the appearance of honesty |
|
Time: the cycling year |
Anna Perenna |
F |
Ovid tells of how she was go-between when Mars wooed Nerio; substituted herself, an old crone, for Nerio at the assignation; festival on Ides of March at which people drank as many glasses of wine as years they wished to live |
|
Time: the future |
Antevorta |
F |
|
|
Time: the month of March |
Mamurius Veturius |
M |
"The old man of March," expelled during the March festival |
|
Time: the past |
Postvorta |
F |
|
|
Time: the seasons; ruler of trade and produce |
Vertumnus |
M |
Connection to the seasons may be spurious; husband of Pomona; festival in October |
|
Time: winter solstice; also suffering and silence |
Angerona |
F |
|
|
Tolerance and Mercy |
Clementia |
F |
|
|
Travel: Protects ocean voyagers; also goddess of the dawn; aids in childbirth |
Mater Mutata |
F |
Matralia (summer solstice) in July where women acted out the role of the goddess |
|
Underworld |
Veiovis; Vediovis |
M |
Not really like Pluto |
|
Underworld: Ghosts |
Mania |
F |
Grandmother of Ghosts; probably Etruscan; sacrificed to with poppy heads and garlic |
|
Underworld; protected internal organs; white magic; protected the exterior of houses |
Carna |
F |
also protected the state; quelled evil or traitorous thoughts; a virgin deified after Janus violated her; festival in June when bacon and beans were consumed |
|
Unknown |
Hersilia |
F |
Sabine wife of Romulus, deified by Juno |
|
Unknown |
Falacer |
M |
Deified Italic hero; had an established priesthood and temple in Rome; absolutely nothing is known about him |
|
Unknown |
Feretris |
M |
|
|
Unknown |
Lapis |
? |
"Stone" |
|
Unknown |
Larenta |
F |
May have been the she-wolf who suckled Romulus and Remus; may have been goddess of prostitutes |
|
Virginity |
Daphne |
F |
|
|
Voice, disembodied |
Aius Locutius |
? |
Divine voice that warned Rome that the Gauls were attacking; chapel and altar on the Via Nova |
|
Voice, disembodied |
Canens |
F |
Wife of Picus, mother of Faunus; after Circe transformed Picus into a woodpecker, Canens called his name until she wasted away to just a voice |
|
War; sister of Mars |
Bellona |
F |
Carried a whip; snakes for hair; initiated war by pitching a spear into the enemy country; temple had no doors; spear thrown over the column of war; priests mutilated selves, offered blood; festival in June w/ races between boys and men |
|
Water |
Neverita |
F |
Wife of Neptune |
|
Water: Albula, a sulfurous river; a grove goddess residing in a spring at Tibur |
Albunea |
F |
Prophetic; Varro calls her a sibyl; "the white" |
|
Water: hot springs of Abona |
Abonius |
M |
|
|
Water: ocean deeps |
Salacia |
F |
Wife of Neptune |
|
Water: ocean shallows |
Venelia |
F |
Wife of Neptune |
|
Water: springs |
Fons |
F |
Her festival, the Fontinalia, in October when the springs begin to flow again after the summer heat |
|
Water: springs |
Juturna |
F |
A Camena; lover of Janus |
|
Water: the Tiber |
Volturnus |
M |
aka Tiberinus |
|
Weather: lightning |
Fulgora |
F |
|
|
Weather: Nocturnal thunderstorms |
Summanus |
M |
|
|
Women: menstruation |
Fluonia |
F |
|
|
Women: protects virginity |
Pertunda |
F |
|
|
Youth, young men of Rome |
Juventas |
M |
|
