History of Jihad against the Nubians – modern Sudanese, Ethiopians, Eritreans and Somalis (640 - 2004)

History of the Islamic Jihad

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from its beginnings at Mecca in 620 C.E. up to 9/11, and the lessons it has for us for winning the War on Terror

Site Map and Motto

What is Jihad: The Arabic word Jihad is derived from the root word Jahada (struggle). Jihad has come to mean an offensive war to be waged by Muslims against all non-Muslims to convert them to Islam on the pain of death. Jihad is enjoined on all Muslims by the Quran.

This site brings you the history of the Islamic Jihad from a neutral and factual viewpoint.

Site Map

The Jihad against Arabs (622 to 634)

The Jihad against Zoroastrian Persians of Iran, Baluchistan and Afghanistan (634 to 651)

The Jihad against the Byzantine Christians (634 to 1453)

The Jihad against Christian Coptic Egyptians (640 to 655)

The Jihad against Christian Coptic Nubians - modern Sudanese (650)

The Jihad against pagan Berbers - North Africans (650 to 700)

The Jihad against Spaniards (711 to 730)

The Reconquista against Jihad in Spain (730 to 1492)

The Jihad against Franks - modern French (720 to 732)

The Jihad against Sicilians in Italy (812 to 940)

The Jihad against Chinese (751)

The Jihad against Turks (651 to 751)

The Jihad against Armenians and Georgians (1071 to 1920)

The Crusade against Jihad (1096 – 1291 ongoing)

The Jihad against Mongols (1260 to 1300)

The Jihad against Hindus of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (638 to 1857)

The Jihad against Indonesians and Malays (1450 to 1500)

The Jihad against Poland (1444 to 1699)

The Jihad against Rumania (1350 to 1699)

The Jihad against Russia (1500 to 1853)

The Jihad against Bulgaria (1350 to 1843)

The Jihad against Serbs, Croats and Albanians (1334 to 1920)

The Jihad against Greeks (1450 to 1853)

The Jihad against Albania (1332 - 1853)

The Jihad against Croatia (1389 to 1843)

The Jihad against Hungarians (1500 to 1683)

The Jihad against Austrians (1683)

Jihad in the Modern Age (20th and 21st Centuries)

The Jihad against Israelis (1948 – 2004 ongoing)

The Jihad against Americans (9/11/2001)

The Jihad against the Filipinos in Mindanao(1970 onwards)

The Jihad against Indonesian Christians in Malaku and East Timor (1970 onwards)

The Jihad against Russians (1995 onwards)

The Jihad against Dutch and Belgians (2003 onwards)

The Jihad against Norwegians and Swedes (2003 onwards)

The Jihad against Thais (2003 onwards)

The Jihad against Nigerians (1965 onwards)

The Jihad against Canadians (2001 onwards)

The Jihad against Latin America (2003 onwards)

The Jihad against Australia (2002 onwards)

The Global Jihad today (2001 – ongoing)

The War on Terror against Jihad today (2001– ongoing)

The Vision for the post-Islamic (and post-religious) world

Motto of this website:This site is against all forms of fanaticism – religious and non-religious. But the emotional appeal of non-religious fanaticism like Nazism, Fascism or Communism is not as pervasive as that of fanaticism based on religion. When fanaticism and religion are mixed, we have a very potent and dangerous brew that can sustain itself for centuries unlike non-religious fanaticisms like Nazism and Communism which die out when the ringleaders are defeated. This is so, since religion is based on the psychological weakness of all humans, when we humans try to comprehend the unknown (universe). This understanding is (and perhaps will always remain) incomplete. Religion tries to complete this incompleteness by fantasizing that the unknown is a god and that this god is the creator of all things that happen in this world and the universe. This idea that there is a god, which is assumed to be the unknown power in the universe makes the human mind paranoid because of our fear of the unknown. And this paranoia, drives humans to do anything to propitiate this unknown power that is assumed to exist. This is what transforms this weakness of our human mind into a sickness. It is this sickness of the mind that drives humans to undertake wild acts like suicide bombings, fight holy wars, forced conversion, slaughter of humans who give a different name to this assumed power called god, etc, under the delusion of trying to please the unknown power that is assumed to be behind all existence.

While all forms of religious fanaticism are negative, only Islam raises slaughter of all Kafirs (non-Muslims) to a holy creed, it teaches Muslim to gloat over the killing of non-Muslims and celebrate their death. Hence Islam is the most demented and dangerous form of religious fanaticism. And it is not Islamic fanaticism that is to be blamed, for Islam itself is fanaticism. From its root to its fruit Islam is the most violent, and virulent form of this delusion that the unknown universe is a god and all those who do not accept this brand of fantasizing of the unknown universe have to be slaughtered. This is so since Islamic fanaticism was born in a barren and harsh desert environment that gave birth to the paranoid mentality of the Bedouin Arabs among whom was born Mohammed (yimach shmo ve-zichro - may his name and memory be obliterated), the founder of this blood-thirsty creed – Islam. This blood-thirsty Muslim mentality has trickled down to the newest convert to Islam be he or she Brown Black, Yellow or White. Most importantly it makes Islam the worst enemy of quest and science and of all human progress. While all religions are opposed to science as the Pope was to Galileo and Copernicus; but it is Islam which is the most blood-thirsty expression of this challenge of religion to reason. So Islam will have to be the first to be removed from the path of human progress and the reply to Islam to be effective would have to be more blood-thirsty and paranoid than Islam itself. Those opposed to Islam will have to be like the hunter who aims between the eyes of the man-eater tiger and shoots till the tiger is dead meat. The hunter bears no enmity with the tiger, but shoots him dispassionately, so that he himself can live, and NOT end up by becoming the dinner of the man-eater. This has to be the attitude, not based on a hate of Islam, but a determination to put a full and final end to Islam, so that Human society can progress without the hindrance of any religion obstructing its path.

Once Islam is militarily defeated and then destroyed; the need of the day would be to come up with workable creative ideas, for brainwashing the remaining religious fanatics with techniques like anesthesia leading to amnesia and re-education of such brainwashed ex-religious fanatics; or the use of mass lobotomy to achieve the same result. Only such a technique could prevent religious fanaticism from being resurrected with a name other than Islam and insure the progress of human civilization without any obstacle from any religion.

To summarize, the religious outlook that claims to "know the unknown", as a god, allah, etc., is a sub-optimal human response (and so is a sub-human response). Violent monotheism is a criminal response which has brought our world to where it is today, post 11th September. The need of our age is to start with the destruction of the most blood-thirsty form of religious fanaticism – Islam, followed up with the dovetailing of all other forms of religious fanaticism so that they move over and make way for rational-humanism. To make it more subtle; the need is for religion and religious fanaticism to move out of human minds and be replaced by rational-humanism.

Our maintaining this site, is our contribution for working towards this objective.

The Jihad against the Nubians – modern Sudanese, Ethiopians, Eritreans and Somalis (640 - 2004)
The History of Jihad site is brought to you by a panel of contributors. This site is co-ordinated by Robin MacArthur with Mahomet Mostapha and Naim al Khoury, New Jersey.

How the ancient Nubians for the first time in Islamic history used guerilla tactics to utterly defeat the Jihad, but their struggle continues today in the conflicts of the Arabized North Sudanese with the Christian Dinka tribesmen of Southern Sudan and the Muslim but non-Arabized, darker-skinned tribesmen of Darfur

Did you have a look at today's issue of our news portal?

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At the Fourth Conference of the Academy of Islamic Research held in Cairo, in 1968, Shaikh Abdullah Ghoshah, Chief Judge of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan declared: “Jihad is legislated in order to be one of the means of propagating Islam. Consequently Non-Muslims ought to embrace Islam either willingly or through wisdom and good advice or unwillingly through fight and Jihad…It is unlawful to give up Jihad and adopt peace and weakness instead of it, unless the purpose of giving up Jihad is for preparation for future war, whenever the Muslims are weak, and their opponents are strong…Otherwise war is the basis of the relationship between Muslims and their opponents.”

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After overrunning Byzantine ruled Egypt and giving the Coptic Christian population the choice Islam, death or Jizya, the Muslim armies attempted to penetrate deeper into East Africa then known as Nubia. At the time of the Muslim invasion in 650 C.E., the ancient kingdom of Nubia stretched from the south of Egypt from Aswan to Abyssinia, and from the Red Sea to the Libyan desert. The Nubians were Christians and were ruled by kings who had zealously guarded their freedom from their Byzantines who were their Christian co-religionists. The capital of the kingdom was a city named Dumqula that was deep into the forests of the Nile valley.

In the summer of 642, the Muslim general who commanded a battalion near the Nubian border. His battalion was a part of the armies of Muslim occupied Egypt, Amr-ibn-Al-Aas sent an expedition to Nubia under the command of his cousin Uqba–ib-Nafe. The expedition was ordered by Amr-ibn-Al-Aas on his own account, without the knowledge or approval of Caliph Umar. In those days many Muslim commanders undertook expeditions into non-Muslim lands through their own overzealousness to claim their name in the history of the Islamic Jihad and also to bring in personal fame and glory. The Caliphate was rife with personal and clan dissensions from the inception. This is borne out by the fact that out of the first four caliphs Umar, Uthman, Ali and Abu Muawiya ibn Sufyan, the first three were murdered by Muslims of the opposing clans. This speaks for the unity of the Ummah in those formative days. The Shia Sunni Schism that came later was the first major faultline withing Islam, that was to be replicated with the national boundaries that came about when the Caliphate started falling apart a few years later after the death of Abu Muawiya ibn Sufyan, the fifth caliph. To build his own fiefdom Amr-ibn-Al-Aas attacked Nubia from Egypt since he thought that the victory over the Nubians would be an easy affair and that he would inform the Caliph after he had conquered another land and claim its governorship for himself.

Uqba-ibn-Nafe who had till made a great name for himself as the butcher of the Copts and Conqueror of Egypt and North Africa, and who had led his horse to the Atlantic complaining that there were no lands left for him to conquer in which to spread the glory of Islam by terrorizing the conquered people to accept Islam or death . But here his non-existent allah refused to favor him and his accursed followers and he came in for an shock in Nubia.

As his army proceeded into village after village, they encountered burnt out houses and farms. The wells had been filled up with mud and there was no population to fall prey to the advancing Muslims. The Muslim army was surprised that there were no pitched battle to be fought, where they could challenge the champion of the Nubians to come forth and face the Muslims to be slaughtered with some foul trick, after which the Muslim army would overawe the resisting Kafirs (non-Muslims) with their ghastly slaughter and frighten them into submission to Islam, as had happened till then with the Byzantine and Coptic Christians as also with the Zoroastrians (Sassanid Persians) in Iran. In Nubia, the Nubian army never challenged the Muslims to open warfare. They hid themselves in the forests during the day and attacked at nightfall, when the Muslim army retired. There were only skirmishes and haphazard engagements and in such type of warfare the Nubians excelled the Muslims. The Nubians also did never engage the Muslims in hand-to-hand combat nor in single combat, as the Hazar Mard champions of the Persians The Nubians were skilful archers and attacked from a safe distance perched on tree tops. They were never seen by the Muslims who camped below. We have it on the strength of Muslim historian Balazuri that they would shout to the Muslims where would they like to be hit by the arrow, and where the Muslims mockingly named some part of the body, the arrow invariably struck there to the great grief of the Muslim who had mockingly challenged the Nubians to hit him.

One day Uqba came across a concentration of the Nubians. Before the Muslims could attack the Nubians; the Nubians subjected the Muslims to a merciless barrage of arrows. The arrows were aimed at the eyes of the Muslims who had defensive armor all over their bodies, except over their eyes. and in the encounter 25000 Muslims lost their eyes. The Nubians were also very fast in their movements. The Muslim cavalry was known for its speed and mobility; but it was no match for the Nubian horse riders. The Nubians would strike hard against the Muslims, and; then vanish into the dark before the Muslims could recover their balance and take counter action. The hit-and-run raids; by the Nubians caused considerable damage to the Muslims.

Uqba decided to retreat from Nubia after informing Amr-ibn-Al-Aas of the state of affairs. He said that the Nubians avoided pitched battle, and in the guerilla tactics that they followed the Muslims were the sufferers Uqba further propheted out that; Nubia was a poor land, and there was nothing therein worth fighting for or to tempt by way of booty. This also speaks the mind of the Muslim to raid non-Muslim lands not for spreading Islam but to loot, plunder, rape. And when all this was done, to force the victims to join the Gang of Bandits named the Muslim Ummah by embracing Islam at the point of the sword.

When the Jihadis attacked Nubia, the Nubians had been receiving refugees from Egypt and Syria. These refugees had forewarned the Nubian king about the ruthlessness of the Jihadis. The Nubians realized that they would be massacred in open warfare, and they decided not face the Muslims in guerilla warfare. The Nubians turned the tactics of subterfuge and hit and run tactics which was till then the trademark of the Muslims, against the Muslims themselves. Thus it was with the Nubains that the tactics of the Msulims came home to roost for the first time in early Islamic history. The till then undefeated march of the Muslims was halted and reversed in Nubia. This proved to the other (especially to the Byzantines) that the Muslim were defeatable. It is to this victory that the Nubians preserved their Christian heritage in large tracts of Nubia. The southern parts of Sudan, Ethopia have remained overwhelmingly Christian to this day. But later Muslim attacks from Hejaz (Saudi Arabia) into the coastal areas of Nubia (East Africa) led to the forcible conversion of the people of Somalia, Upper Nile (Northern Sudan) and Eritrea to Islam. It is these converts that account for the recurring battles in Southern Sudan and along the Ethiopian-Eritrean border between Muslims and Christians. The people of Western Nubia also resisted Islam for a long time and they were converted as late as the 17th century by the Mameluks. It is these people who were not Arabized due to their late conversion and they inhabit what is today called Darfur and are subject to attacks from the Janjueed who are the Arabized Muslims of Northern Sudan.

Lessons from the Battle of Nubia

The lessons from this defeat of the till then invincible Muslims by the agile and ruthless Nubians is that the sneaky tactics of the Muslim can only be outmatched by being more sneaky yourself. The old English adage “Everything is fair in love and War,” holds greatest relevance while battling the Muslims. And only when we in the Western world realize this and go into an overreach with subterfuge against the Terrorists (all of whom are Muslims), and the use our still prevailing (but fast closing) edge of superior weapons against the enemy, can the Muslims finally be defeated in the looming Third World War.

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