Ceratosauroidea Marsh, 1884 sensu Bonaparte,
Novas and Coria, 1990
Definition- (Carnotaurus sastrei <- Coelophysis bauri)
(modified from Sereno, 1998)
= Neoceratosauria sensu Padian et al., 1999
Definition- (Ceratosaurus nasicornis <- Coelophysis bauri)
(modified)
Neotheropoda sensu Padian et al. 1999
Definition- (Ceratosaurus nasicornis + Passer domesticus) (modified)
= Neotheropoda sensu Kischlat, 2002
Definition- (Ceratosaurus nasicornis + Allosaurus fragilis) (modified)
"Allosaurus" medius
Marsh, 1888
= Antrodemus medius (Marsh, 1888) Hay, 1901
= Dryptosaurus medius (Marsh, 1888) Gilmore, 1920
= Labrosaurus medius (Marsh, 1888) Kuhn, 1939
Late Aptian-Early Albian, Early Cretaceous
Arundel Formation, Maryland, US
Holotype- (USNM 4972) tooth (75 mm)
Referred- ?(USNM 2521) pedal phalanx III-1 (110 mm) (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 2534) posterior dorsal vertebra (90 mm) (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 2536) proximal half of pedal phalanx II-1 (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 2614) anterior caudal vertebra (107 mm) (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 3121) tooth (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 5685) tooth (76 mm) (Lull, 1911)
Diagnosis- Provisionally indeterminate relative to Acrocanthosaurus
atokensis.
Comments- Lipka (pers. comm.) notes the tooth is almost identical to
Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, so these taxa may be synonymous.
References- Marsh, 1888. Notice of a new genus of Sauropoda and other
new dinosaurs from the Potomac Formation. Am. J. Sci. (set. 3) 35: 89-94.
Hay, 1901.
Lull, 1911. The reptilian fauna of the Arundel Formation. Lower Cretaceous Vol.
Maryland Geol. Surv. Pp.173-178.
Gilmore, 1920. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States
National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus)
and Ceratosaurus. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. CX 1-154, 36 pls., 78 text-figs.
Kuhn, 1939. Beitrage zur Keuperfauna von Halberstadt. Palaeontol. Z. 2: 258-286.
Allosaurus? trihedrodon (Cope,
1877) Glut, 1997
= Laelaps trihedrodon Cope, 1877
= Dryptosaurus trihedrodon (Cope, 1877) Hay, 1902
= Creosaurus trigonodon (misspelling of C. trihedrodon) (Cope, 1877)
Osborn, 1931
= Antrodemus trihedrodon (Cope, 1877) Kuhn, 1939
= Hypsirophus trihedrodon (Cope, 1877) Cope vide Chure, 2001
Kimmeridgian-Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Brushy Basin Memberr of the Morrison Formation, Colorado, US
Holotype- (lost) dentary, eight teeth
Referred- ?(AMNH coll., lost) femur (Chure, 2001)
?(lost) skull fragments, other bones (Chure, 2001)
Comments- The holotype is lost and was not described in enough detail
to support synonymy with Allosaurus or other large Morrison theropods.
AMNH 5780 was referred to this taxon as well, but is probably an Allosaurus
specimen.
References- Cope, 1877. On a carnivorous dinosaurian from the Dakota
beds of Colorado. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Territories 3: 805-806.
Hay, 1902. Bibliography and catalogue of the fossil Vertebrata of North America.
Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. CLXXIX 1-868.
Osborn, 1931. Cope: Master Naturalist. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
New York: Arno press.
Kuhn, 1939. Beitrage zur Keuperfauna von Halberstadt. Palaeontol. Z. 2: 258-286.
Glut, 1997. Dinosaurs - The Encyclopedia. McFarland Press, Jefferson, NC. 1076pp.
Chure, 2001. On the type and referred material of Laelaps trihedrodon
Cope 1877 (Dinosauria: Theropoda). in Tanke and Carpenter, eds.. Mesozoic Vertebrate
Life: New Research inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie, Indiana
University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis, Indiana: xviii + 542 pp. 10-18.
Altispinax Huene, 1923
A. dunkeri (Dames, 1884) Huene, 1923
= Megalosaurus dunkeri Dames, 1884
Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Obernkirchen Sandstein, Germany
Holotype- (UM 84) tooth
Comments- Huene (1923) stated that if the dorsal vertebrae (BMNH R1828;
later made the holotype of Becklespinax altispinax) were shown to belong
to Megalosaurus dunkeri, it would be renamed Altispinax. Kuhn
(1939) was the first author to definitively tie a species to the genus, making
Altispinax dunkeri official. The conditional nature of Huene's (1923)
statement prevents it from attaching the name Altispinax to the vertebrae
by ICZN rules (contra Rauhut, 2000).
References- Huene, 1923. Carnivorous Saurischia in Europe since the Triassic.
Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 34: 449-458.
Kuhn, 1939. Beitrage zur Keuperfauna von Halberstadt. Palaeontol. Z. 2: 258-286.
Rauhut, 2000. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropods (Dinosauria,
Saurischia). Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Bristol [U.K.], 1-440.
http://www.cmnh.org/dinoarch/2002Jan/msg00247.html
Altispinax? "lydekkerhueneorum"
Pickering, 1984 vide Pickering, 1995
Late Berriasian-Valanginian, Early Cretaceous
Hastings Beds, England
Material- ?(BMNH 604a-d)
?(BMNH 2559)
(BMNH R1828) caudal vertebrae
? about 30 other specimens
Comments- BMNH R1828 is intended to be the holotype. It was originally
referred to Altispinax by Huene (1923), though there is no overlap with
the holotype tooth of the latter taxon, so this assignment is doubtful. There
is no publically available diagnosis, and it is uncertain whether this specimen
is indeterminate or whether the referral of additional specimens can be supported.
References- Pickering, 1995. "Jurassic Park: Unauthorized Jewish
Fractals in Philopatry," A Fractal Scaling in Dinosaurology Project, 2nd
revised printing, Capitola, California: 478 pp. [January 27, 1995].
Calamospondylus Fox vide Anonymous,
1866
C. oweni Fox vide Anonymous, 1866
Early Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Wessex Formation, England
Holotype- (lost) sacrum (152 mm), ilial fragments
Comments- This is not the same specimen as the Aristosuchus pusillus
holotype (Naish, 2002), nor is it definitively shown to be synonymous with Aristosuchus
or Calamosaurus.
References- Anonymous, 1866. Another new Wealden reptile. The Athenaeum,
2014, 740.
Naish, 2002. The historical taxonomy of the Lower Cretaceous theropods (Dinosauria)
Calamospondylus and Aristosuchus from the Isle of Wight. Proceedings
of the Geologists' Association. n. 113, p. 153-163.
"Capitalsaurus" Kranz, 1998
"C." potens (Lull, 1911) new comb.
= Creosaurus potens Lull, 1911
= Dryptosaurus potens (Lull, 1911) Gilmore, 1920
Aptian, Early Cretaceous
Arundel Formation, Maryland, US
Holotype- (USNM 3049) (7-10 m) proximal caudal centrum (140 mm)
Diagnosis- proximal caudal centra slightly opisthocoelous; proximal caudal
centra with single ventral keel.
Description- The holotype was collected by J. K. Murphy in a Washington
D.C. sewer. Comparison with Allosaurus (Madsen, 1976) indicates that
the holotype is probably from the fifth or sixth caudal vertebra. Based on this,
it is probably from an animal 7-10 meters long. Although Gilmore (1920) referred
the mid-portion of a large pedal ungual I (USNM 8505) to this taxon, this was
only based on size and provenence. No valid criterion suggest such an assignment
was warrented, so it will not be discussed further.
The specimen is a proximal caudal centrum missing the neural arch and spine.
In addition, some of the posterior surface has been abraded. The centrum is
slightly opisthocoelous, with the anterior articular surface slanted slightly
posteroventrally. It is strongly compressed laterally (anterior face 130 percent
as tall as wide) and roughly oval in anterior view, with flattened sides. The
neural canal is broad, though constricted in the middle. Ventrally, the centrum
shows a single median keel, with a chevron facet posteriorly. Additionally,
the ventral edge is only very slightly concave in lateral view. It is cancellous
internally and lacks pleurocoels.
Relationships- Comparison to other theropods is difficult due to both
the fragmentary nature of the specimen and the few detailed descriptions of
caudal centra in the literature. As "Capitalsaurus" was discovered
in Cretaceous deposits, it is assumed that the centrum did not derive from a
basal theropod such as a coelophysoid or Dilophosaurus, which are only
known from the Triassic and Early Jurassic. This species has been referred to
Allosaurus and Dryptosaurus in the past, but is stratigraphically
closest to Acrocanthosaurus. It will be compared to these three genera
first, then to other genera that may be similar. The proximal caudals of Allosaurus
are amphiplatyan to slightly procoelous, the opposite of "Capitalsaurus".
Also, they are about as wide as tall, sometimes wider, and the ventral edge
is much more concave. The ventral surface has a slight groove instead of a keel.
Those of Dryptosaurus share the straighter ventral edge and are slightly
taller than wide (~1.05 times), but no further details can be discerned. Acrocanthosaurus
has caudal pleurocoels (like Carcharodontosaurus, but not Giganotosaurus),
a concave ventral margin and amphiplatyan or amphicoelous centra. The ventral
surface is grooved and the centra are 1-1.2 times taller than wide. The only
theropod described as having opisthocoelous caudals is the segnosaur Nothronychus.
This taxon differs from "Capitalsaurus" in having a median ventral
groove, pleurocoels, an autapmorphic posterolateral tubercle, larger chevron
facets and being slightly wider (1.16 times taller than wide). Among other segnosaurs,
at least Neimongosaurus and Segnosaurus lack opisthocoelous centra.
Several theropods are known to lack ventral grooves on the proximal caudals.
These include Elaphrosaurus, Carnotaurus, Eustreptospondylus, Suchomimus,
Sinraptor dongi, "Alashansaurus", Ornithomimus? sedens
and alvarezsaurids. Of these, only alvarezsaurids are known have ventral keels,
though the condition in most others is uncertain in this regard. Although most
other theropods (eg. Ceratosaurus, Torvosaurus, Monolophosaurus, Nedcolbertia,
Sinraptor hepingensis, Tyrannosaurus, Archaeornithomimus, Gallimimus, Microvenator,
Chirostenotes) are described as having a ventral groove, the condition in
Sinraptor dongi at least changes from convex in the proximal caudals
to grooved in the mid and posterior caudals. This suggests our knowledge of
which theropods have convex ventral surfaces on their proximal caudals is extremely
limited, and subject to change as specimens are described more fully. Although
alvarezsaurids do have ventral keels, they are otherwise quite dissimilar to
"Capitalsaurus" in having strongly procoelous centra. Several theropods
are similar to "Capitalsaurus" in having centra over 1.2 times taller
than they are wide, including Monolophosaurus, sinraptorids and Bagaraatan.
Theropods known to have more circular centra are Ceratosaurus, Carnotaurus,
Elaphrosaurus, Torvosaurus, Baryonyx, Piatnitzkyosaurus, Allosaurus, Acrocanthosaurus,
Carcharodontosaurus, Dryptosaurus, ornithomimids and oviraptorosaurs (which
are diagnosed in part by their wide caudal centra). Paravians have distinctively
subrectangular centra, so "Capitalsaurus" can be excluded from this
clade. The condition found in "Capitalsaurus", where the ventral edge
of the centrum is nearly straight, is extremely rare in theropods, being otherwise
noted in Dryptosaurus, tyrannosaurids and Bagaraatan. This can
vary greatly with position in some taxa such as Bagaraatan, so undue
emphasis shouldn't be placed on the character. While clearly not a derived oviraptorosaur
or paravian, the current phylogenetic utility of proximal caudal centra does
not allow placement more precise than assumed Neotheropoda incertae sedis.
While currently unique compared to described theropod caudals, the amount of
variation between caudal centra in single specimens is just starting to be revealed
(Sinraptor dongi's ventral groove/keel; titanosaurid's articular surfaces
varying from opisthocoelous to procoelous; Bagaraatan's ventral edge
concavity). Because of this potentially high variation, I am extremely cautious
as to the taxonomic utility of this caudal centrum and only doubtfully retain
it as a valid taxon.
Comments- The genus "Capitalsaurus" was only used in a faunal
list by Kranz (1998), though Kranz (pers. comm.) informs me it is meant as a
replacement name for Creosaurus potens. As it has not been associated
with a particular species or specimen in the literature, it is a nomen nudum.
References- Lull, 1911. The reptilian fauna of the Arundel Formation.
Lower Cretaceous Vol. Maryland Geol. Surv. Pp.173-178.
Gilmore, 1920. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States
National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus)
and Ceratosaurus. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. CX 1-154, 36 pls., 78 text-figs.
Madsen, 1976. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geol. Mining
Surv. Bull., 109: 1-163.
Kranz, 1998. Mostly Dinosaurs: A Review of the Vertebrates of the Potomac Group
(Aptian Arundel Formation), USA, in Lucas, Kirkland and Estep, eds., 1998: 235-238.
Chienkosaurus Young,
1942
C. ceratosauroides Young, 1942
Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Shangshaximiao Formation, Sichuan, China
Holotype- (IVPP V237) premaxillary tooth (73 mm)
Paratypes- ?(IVPP V190) partial mid caudal centrum
?(IVPP V193) ulna (225 mm)
Comments- Three other teeth included in the holotype are from Hsisosuchus
(Dong et al., 1983).
The tooth is similar to many large theropod teeth in general characters, but
is from the premaxilla as evidenced by the twisted anterior carina and reduced
extent of anterior serrations. It is currently undiagnostic compared to contemporaneous
taxa like Sinraptor and Yangchuanosaurus.
The referred ulna is most similar to Piatnitzkysaurus, though no ulnae
are currently known for sinraptorids. It differs from Piatnitzkysaurus
in not being bowed posteriorly, and the olecranon appears broken off. This is
a more diagnostic specimen than the holotype, but is unfortunately not definitely
referrable to the same individual or taxon.
The referred caudal centrum is from a different locality, so is definitely not
referrable to the holotype individual, but was thought to be probably
referrable to Chienkosaurus by Young. Comparison to Allosaurus
suggests it is from somewhere around caudal twenty-five, but it is indeterminate.
References- Young, 1942. Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan,
China. Bull. Geol. Soc. China 22 293-309, 2 pls.
Dong, Zhou and Zhang, 1983. Dinosaurs from the Jurassic of Sichuan Palaeontologica
Sinica Whole Number 162 New Series C, Number 23 Edited by Nanjing Institute
of Geology and Palaeontology and Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
Academia Sinica (pp. 1-136) Science Press Peking, 1983 43 plates.
Diplotomodon Leidy, 1868
= Tomodon Leidy, 1865 (preoccupied Dumeril, 1853)
D. horrificus (Leidy, 1865) Leidy, 1868
= Tomodon horrificus Leidy, 1865
Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Navesink or Mount Laurel Formation, New Jersey, US
Holotype- (ANSP 9680; holotype of Tomodon horrificus) tooth
Comments- This taxon is often associated with Dryptosaurus aquilunguis,
following Molnar (1990). However, the teeth of the latter taxon are not distinctive
in their shape, and more detailed comparisons have yet to be made.
References- Leidy, 1865. Memoir on the extinct reptiles of the Cretaceous
formations of the United States. Smithsonian Contrib. Knowledge 14:1-135.
Leidy, 1868. Remarks on a jaw fragment of Megalosaurus. Proc. Acad. Nat Sci.
Philadelphia 1870: 197-200.
Molnar, 1990. Problematic Theropoda: "Carnosaurs". p. 306-317 in David
B. Weishampel, et al. (eds.), The Dinosauria. University of California Press,
Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford.
"Elaphrosaurus" iguidiensis
Lapparent, 1960
Late Aptian-Albian, Early Cretaceous
Continental Intercalaire, Algeria; Continental Intercalaire, Libya; Continental
Intercalaire, Elrhaz Formation, Niger
Syntypes- forty-nine teeth, eight distal caudal vertebrae (80, 65, 55,
40, 40 mm), manual ungual (30 mm), distal femur, tibia (350 mm)
Comments- The remains are from several localities and may not belong
to the same taxon.
Reference- Lapparent, 1960. Les dinosauriens du "Continental intercalaire"
du Sahara central. Mem. Soc. Geol. France. 88A 1-57.
Embasaurus Riabinin, 1931
E. minax Riabinin, 1931
Berriasian-Hauterivian, Early Cretaceous
Neocomian Sands, Kazakhstan
Holotype- incomplete anterior dorsal centrum, posterior dorsal centrum
Reference- Riabinin, A. N. 1931. Two dinosaurian vertebrae from the Lower
Cretaceous of Transcaspian Steppes. [in Russian with English]. Mém. Soc.
Russ. Minéral. 60 (2) no. 1 110-113, 1 pl.
Kelmayisaurus Dong, 1973
K. petrolicus Dong, 1973
Early Cretaceous
Ejinhoro Formation?, Lianmuqin Formation, Xinjiang, China
Holotype- (IVPP V4022) maxillary fragment, quadrate fragment, dentary
Referred- mandible (Dong, 1992)
References- Dong, 1973. [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Mem. Inst. Vert. Paleontol.
Paleoanthropol. Acad. Sinica 11: 45-52.
Dong, 1992. Dinosaurian Fauna's of China. 188 pp. Ocean press/ Springer-Verlag,
Beijing/Berlin.
Megalosaurus? "cachuensis"
Weishampel, Barrett, Coria, Le Loeuff, Xu, Zhao, Sahni, Gomani and Noto, 2004
Middle Jurassic
Dapuka Group, Xinjiang, China
Comments- This is only present as a name in the Dinosaur Distribution
chapter, so is a nomen nudum. It may be the same as the nomen nudum Megalosaurus?
"dapukensis" Zhao 1985, which is not in the book.
Reference- Weishampel, Barrett, Coria, Le Loeuff, Xu, Zhao, Sahni, Gomani
and Noto, 2004. Dinosaur Distribution. in Weishampel, Dodson and Osmolska, 2004.
The Dinosauria: Second Edition.
"Megalosaurus" chubutensis
Corro, 1974
Late Cretaceous
Cerro Castillo Formation, Argentina
Holotype- (MACN 18.189) tooth (~85 mm)
Comments- Unlike "M." inexpectatus from the same formation,
"M." chubutensis lacks enamel wrinkles.
Reference- Corro, 1974. Un nuevo megalosaurio (Carnosaurio) del Cretacico
de Chubut (Argentina). Communicaciones Mus. Argent. Ciencias Nat. "Bernardino
Rivadavia" Paleontol. 1: 37-44.
"Megalosaurus" crenatissimus
Daperet, 1896
Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Maevarano Formation, Madagascar
Syntypes- two teeth, two sacral centra (60 mm), distal caudal vertebra,
pedal ungual
Comments- Though usually treated as an objective synonym of Majungasaurus
crenatissimus, Lavocat (1955) expressly designates a dentary as the type
of the latter taxon. Regardless, both taxa are probably synonymous with Majungatholus
atopus.
References- Deperet, 1896. Note on the sauropod and theropod dinosaurs
from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de
France, 3rd series, vol. 24 176.
Lavocat, 1955. Sur une portion de mandibule de Théropode provenant du
Crétacé supérieur de Madagascar. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris 27 256-259, 1 fig.
Megalosaurus? "dapukensis"
Zhao, 1986
Middle Jurassic
Dapuka Group, Xinjiang, China
Reference- Zhao, 1986. The Jurassic System of China: Stratigraphy of
China, n. 11, p. 286-348.
"Megalosaurus" hungaricus
Nopsca, 1902
Coniacian-Santonian, Late Cretaceous
unnamed formation, Romania
Holotype- (MAFI ob. 3106, lost) (small) two teeth
Comments- This species was discovered in an unnamed formation, not the
later Sinpetru Formation as is often stated (Csiki and Grigorescu, 1998).
References- Nopcsa, 1902. Notizen uber Cretacische Dinosaurier. Pt. 2.
Megalosaurus hungaricus nov. sp. ein Theropode der Siebenburgischen Kreide:
Sitzungsberichte der Koniglichen Akademie Wissenschaften, band 3, p. 104-107.
Csiki and Grigorescu, 1998. Small theropods from the Late Cretaceous of the
Hateg Basin (Western Romania) - an unexpected diversity at the top of the food
chain. Oryctos. 1, 87-104.
"Megalosaurus" insignis
Eudes-Delongchamps and Lennier vide Lennier, 1870
= Erectopus insignis (Eudes-Deslongchamps and Lennier vide Lennier, 1870)
(Middle Oxfordian?-) Early Kimmeridgian (-Tithonian?), Late Jurassic
Kimmeridge Clay, England?; unnamed formation, Department de la Seine-Maritime,
unnamed formation, Department du Pas-de-Calais?, unnamed formation, Department
du Jura?, France; Camadas de Alcobaca?, Camadas de Montejunto?, Unidade Bombarral?,
unnamed formation? in Lisboa, Portugal
Holotype- teeth, sacrum, pedal phalanges
Referred- ?(Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon coll.) two manual unguals (12,
~17 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
?(Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon coll.) femoral fragment (Lapparent and Zbyszewski,
1957)
? twenty-seven teeth (25, 38, to 60 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? posterior dorsal vertebra (50 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? two sacral vertebrae (90, 80 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? two distal caudal vertebrae (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? two distal caudal vertebrae (54, 51 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? seven proximal caudal vertebrae (65-~80 mm), distal caudal vertebra (75 mm)
(Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? mid caudal vertebra (76 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? three caudal vertebrae (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? partial ulna (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
Comments- The material not originating from the Early Kimmeridgian unnamed
formation in Department de la Seine-Maritime may not belong to the species,
which is probably indeterminate in any case. The Portuguese material described
by Lapparent and Zbyszewski (1957) is from varying localities and probably belongs
to many individuals, except for the eight associated caudal vertebrae.
References- Eudes-Deslongchamps and Lennier, in Leinner, 1870. Etudes
Geologiques et Paleontologiques sur lEmbouchure de la Seine et les Falaises
de la Haute-Normandie: 4?, La Havre: xvi + 245pp.
Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957. Les Dinosauriens du Portugal: Services Geologiques
du Portugal, Memoire n. 2, new series, p. 1-63.
Mateus, 1999. Upper Jurassic dinosaurs from Lourinhã and Portuguese dinosaur
with review of collecting in Laos. Geologisk Tidskrift (1): 33-32.
"Megalosaurus" pannoniensis
Seeley, 1881
Early Campanian, Late Cretaceous
Gosau Formation, Austria; Gres a Reptiles, Gres de Saint-Chinian, France?; unnamed
Formation, Portugal?
Holotype- (GMUV coll.) two teeth
Referred- ?(MSGP coll.) three fragmentary teeth (26-30 mm) (Lapparent
and Zbyszewski, 1957)
?(MSGP coll.) manual ungual (~20 mm), manual ungual (~15 mm), manual ungual
(~11 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? maxillary fragment, dentary fragment, tooth (Lapparent, 1946)
Comments- The holotype is from the early Campanian of Austria. Sauvage
(1897-1898) described three tooth fragments from the Campanian-Maastrichtian
of Viso, Portugal as Megalosaurus sp.. These and three unguals from the
same locality were later referred to Megalosaurus pannoniensis by Lapparent
and Zbyszewski (1957). Deperet (1899) referred remains from the Campanian-Maastrichtian
of Herault, France to Dryptosaurus. These were later referred to Megalosaurus
pannoniensis by Lapparent (1946). All referred remains may not belong to
this species, which is probably indeterminate in any case.
References- Seeley, 1881. On the reptile fauna of the Gosau Formation
preserved in the Geological Museum of the University of Vienna. Q. J. Geol.
Soc. London 37: 620-707.
Sauvage, 1897-1898, Vertebres Fossiles du Portugual, Contributions a l'etude
des poissions et des reptiles du Jurassique et du Cretaceous. Direct: Travaux
Geol. Portugal. Mem. Comm. Serv. Geol. Portugal: 1-46.
Deperet, 1899. Aperçu sur la géologie du chaînon de Saint-Chinian
, Bull. Soc. Géol. France , vol.27 , p.686 -709.
Lapparent, 1946. Presence d'un dinosaurien sauropode dans l'Albien du Pays de
Bray Ann. Soc. Geol. Nord 66: 236-242.
Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957. Les Dinosauriens du Portugal: Services Geologiques
du Portugal, Memoire n. 2, new series, p. 1-63.
"Megalosaurus" pombali
Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957
Late Kimmeridgian-Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Arranho Unit, Leiria, unnamed formation, Lisboa, Portugal
Syntypes- (Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon coll.) anterior dorsal vertebra
(85 mm), proximal caudal vertebra (75 mm) (Porto de Barcas)
(Torres Vedras Museum coll.) posterior dorsal vertebra (130 mm) (Porto de Barcas)
(Geological Services Museum of Portugal coll.) two mid caudal vertebrae (160
mm), mid caudal vertebra (130 mm), two mid caudal vertebrae (120, 130 mm) (Porto
de Barcas)
three teeth (to 110 mm) (Vale de Portinheiro, Pombal, Ribamar)
anterior dorsal vertebra (90 mm) (Torrinha)
distal caudal vertebra (135 mm) (Albergaria)
Comments- The material above comes from multiple localities, and shows
no evidence of belonging to a single species.
Reference- Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957. Les Dinosauriens du Portugal:
Services Geologiques du Portugal, Memoire n. 2, new series, p. 1-63.
Megalosaurus? "tibetensis"
Zhao, 1986
Middle Jurassic
Dapuka Group, Xinjiang, China
Reference- Zhao, 1986. The Jurassic System of China: Stratigraphy of
China, n. 11, p. 286-348.
"Morosaurus" marchei
Sauvage, 1897-1898
Aptian-Cenomanian, Early Cretaceous-Late Cretaceous
Conglomerados de Caranguejeira, Portugal
Holotype- distal caudal vertebra (90 mm)
Comments- Lapparent and Zbyszewski (1957) refer the holotype to "Megalosaurus"
insignis, though a referred tooth is sauropod. However, "M."
insignis is not known from caudal vertebrae, and lived much earlier in the
Kimmeridgian, so this assignment is unlikely.
References- Sauvage, H. E., 1897-1898, Vertebres Fossiles du Portugual,
Contributions a l'etude des poissions et des reptiles du Jurassique et du Cretaceous.
Direct: Travaux Geol. Portugal. Mem. Comm. Serv. Geol. Portugal: 1-46.
Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957. Les Dinosauriens du Portugal: Services Geologiques
du Portugal, Memoire n. 2, new series, p. 1-63.
Orthogoniosaurus Das-Gupta,
1931
O. matleyi Das-Gupta, 1931
Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Lameta Formation, India
Holotype- (GI coll.) posterior tooth
References- Das-Gupta, 1931. On a new theropod dinosaur (Orthogoniosaurus
matleyi, n. gen. et n. sp.) from the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore. Jour. Proc.
Asiatic Soc. Bengal, (n. s.) 26 367-369, 1 fig.
Orthogoniosaurus? rawesi
(Lydekker, 1890) Olshevsky, 1991
= Massospondylus rawesi Lydekker, 1890
= Megalosaurus rawesi (Lydekker, 1890) Vianey-Liaud, Jain and Sahni,
1987
Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Takli Formation, India
Holotype- (Museum of the Geological Society coll.) tooth
Comments- Considered non-dinosaurian by Galton (pers. comm. to Glut,
1989, in Glut 1997).
References- Lydekker, 1890. Note on certain vertebrate remains from the
Nagpur District. Rec. Geol. Surv. India 23: 20-24.
Vianey-Liaud, Jain and Sahni, 1987. Dinosaur eggshells (Saurischia) from the
Late Cretaceous intertrappeans and Lameta Formation (Deccan, India). f Vertebr.
Paleontol. 7, 408-424.
Olshevsky, 1991."A Revision of the Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869,
Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia," Mesozoic Meanderings #2 (1st printing):
iv + 196 pp.
Glut, 1997. Dinosaurs - The Encyclopedia. McFarland Press, Jefferson, NC. 1076pp.
"Poekilopleuron" schmidti
Kiprijanov, 1883
= Megalosaurus schmidti (Kiprijanov, 1883)
Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous
Sewerische Osteolithe, Russia
Holotype- rib fragments, distal tibia
Reference- Kiprijanow, 1883. Studien uber die fossilen Reptilien Russlands.
Th. 4. Ordnung Crocodilia Oppel. Indeterminitre fossile Reptilien. Acad. Sci.
St. Petersb. Mem. (ser. 7) 31:1-29.
"Prodeinodon" kwangshiensis
Hou, Yeh and Zhao, 1975
Aptian-Albian, Early Cretaceous
Napai Formation, Guangxi, China
Holotype- four teeth
Comments- This species reportedly resembles Wakinosaurus more
than Prodeinodon (Okazaki, 1992), though the morphology of either genus
has not been compared to most other theropods. Thus, the resemblence may not
mean much.
References- Hou, Yeh and Zhao, 1975. Fossil reptiles from Fusui, Kwangshi.
Vertebrata PalAsiatica 13: 24-33.
Okazaki, 1992. A new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Lower
Cretaceous Kwanmon Group, northern Kyusyu. Bull. Kitakyushu Museum Nat. History
11, 87-90.
Prodeinodon Osborn, 1924
P. mongoliensis Osborn, 1924
Early Cretaceous
Huhteeg Svita (=Oshih Formation), Mongolia
Holotype- (AMNH 6265) partial tooth
Paratype- (AMNH 6531) tooth (47 mm)
Referred- ? tooth, fragmentary tibia, fragmentary fibula (Bohlin 1953)
References- Osborn, 1924. Sauropoda and Theropoda of the Lower Cretaceous
of Mongolia. Am. Mus. Novitates 128: 1-7.
Bohlin, 1953. Fossil reptiles from Mongolia and Kansu. Rept. Sci. Exped. NW.
Prov. China, Publ. 37 6 1-105, 75 figs., 9 pls.
Prodeinodon? "tibetensis"
Zhang and Li, 1997
China
Comments- This name was only used in a faunal list, thus its validity
and relation to Prodeinodon are uncertain.
Reference- Zhang and Li, 1997. Mesozoic Dinosaur Localities in China
and Their Stratigraphy. In: Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium
sponsered by Arizona State University. A Publication of The Academy of Natural
Sciences, edited by Donald L. Wolberg, Edmund Sump, and Gary D. Rosenberg: 265-273.
"Scrotum" Brookes, 1763
"S. humanum" Brookes, 1763
Late Bajocian-Bathonian, Middle Jurassic
oolitic limestones of Cornwell, England
Material- (lost) distal femur
Comments- Originally described and illustrated by Plot (1677). Brookes
(1793) later applied the name "Scrotum humanum" to the specimen, although
probably not intending it as a Linnaean binomial. With the nomen oblitum clause
of the ICZN no longer active, Halstead petitioned the ICZN to suppress the name
in favor of Megalosaurus bucklandii. However, the ICZN felt that such
action was uncessary since it is not necessarily a M. bucklandii specimen.
Indeed, though often associated with Megalosaurus, there is no reason
it couldn't be a contemporaneous form like Metriacanthosaurus or the
unnamed Stonesfield abelisaurian instead.
References- Plot, 1677. The Natural History of Oxfordshire.
Brookes, 1763. The Natural History of Waters, Earths, Stones, Fossils and Minerals,
with their Virtues, Properties and Medicinal Use: To which is added, the methods
in which Linnaeus has treated these subjects. Vol. 5. Newberry, London. 364
pp.
Halstead, 1970. Scrotum humanum Brookes 1763 - the first named dinosaur.
Journal of Insignificant Research, vol. 5: 14-15.
Halstead and Sarjeant, 1993. Scrotum humanum Brookes -- the earliest name for
a dinosaur?. Modern Geology 18 p. 220-224.
Sinocoelurus Young, 1942
S. fragilis Young, 1942
Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Kyangyan (Guangyuan) Formation, Sichuan, China
Holotype- (IVP AS V232-235) four teeth (11 mm)
References- Young, 1942. Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan,
China. Bull. Geol. Soc. China 22 293-309, 2 pls.
Dong, Zhou and Zhang, 1983. Jurassic dinosaur fossils from the Sichuan Basin.
Zhongguo Gushengwu Zhi. Xin Bing Zhong = Palaeontol. Sin. New C Ser. 23 [162]
i.
Streptospondylus? cuvieri
Owen, 1842
= Megalosaurus cuvieri (Owen, 1842) Huene, 1907-1908
Early Bathonian, Middle Jurassic
Chipping Norton Formation, England
Holotype- (lost) anterior portion of dorsal vertebra
Comments- Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis was referred to Streptospondylus
cuvieri before it was named. This taxon is not necessary the same as Streptospondylus
altdorfensis, which lived later in France.
References- Owen, 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Report of
the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11: 60-204.
Huene, 1907/1908. Die Dinosaurier der Europaiaschen Triasformation mit Berucksichtiging
der aussereuropaischen Vorkommnisse. Geol. Paleont. Abhandl. Suppl. 1, 1-419.
Szechuanosaurus Young, 1942
S. campi Young, 1942
Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Kyangyan (Guangyuan) Series, Sichuan, China
Cotypes- (IVPP V235) two partial teeth
(IVPP V236) partial tooth
(IVPP V238) fragmentary teeth
(IVPP V239) tooth
Referred- ?(UCMP 32102) tooth (90 mm), ischial fragment, femoral fragment
(Camp, 1935)
? three cervical vertebrae, two anterior dorsal vertebrae, proximal caudal vertebra,
coracoid, ischium, tibia, fibula, metatarsal (He, 1984)
Diagnosis- Provisionally indeterminate relative to at least Sinraptoridae.
Comments- The partial skeleton often referred to this species has been
referred to "Szechuanoraptor" zigongensis by Chure (2000).
The cotype teeth were collected from a wide area and may not belong to one taxon.
Camp's (1935) specimen is from the Cretaceous Szechuan Beds of Sichuan, China.
Young (1942) referred it to S. campi, but there is no reason for this
assignment. He's (1984) specimen was found to be an indeterminate basal tetanurine
by Chure (2000), and cannot be compared to Szechuanosaurus.
References- Camp, 1935. Dinosaur remains from the Province of Szechuan.
Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Calif. 23, 467-471.
Young, 1942. Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China. Bull. Geol.
Soc. China 22 293-309, 2 pls.
Dong, Zhou and Zhang, 1983. Jurassic dinosaur fossils from the Sichuan Basin.
Palaeontol. Sin. New C Ser. 23 [162] i.
He, 1984. The Vertebrate Fossils of Sichuan. Sichuan Scientific and Technical
Publishing House, Chengdu, Sichuan. 168 pp.
Chure, 2000. A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation
of Dinosaur National Monument (Utah-Colorado) and a revision of the theropod
family Allosauridae. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1-964.
Teinurosaurus Nopcsa 1928
= Saurornithoides Nopcsa, 1928 (preoccupied Osborn, 1924)
= Caudocoelus Huene, 1932
T. sauvagei (Nopcsa 1928) Olshevsky, 1978
= Saurornithoides sauvagei Nopcsa, 1928
= Caudocoelus sauvagei (Nopcsa, 1928) Huene, 1932
Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
unnamed formation, France
Holotype- (MGB 500; destroyed) distal caudal vertebra (152 mm)
References- Nopcsa, 1928. The genera of reptiles. Palaeobiol. 1 163-188.
Huene, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte.
Monog. Geol. Pal. 4 (1) pts. 1 and 2, viii + 361 pp.
Olshevsky, 1978. The Archosaurian Taxa (excluding the Crocodylia). Mesozoic
Meanderings 1: 1-50.
Wakinosaurus Okazaki, 1992
W. satoi Okazaki, 1992
Late Hauterivian, Early Cretaceous
Sengoku Formation of the Wakino Subgroup of the Kwanmon Group, Japan
Holotype- (KMNH VP 000,016) partial tooth (~70 mm)
Comments- Okazaki (1990) originally identified the holotype as Megalosauridae
indet..
References- Okazaki, 1990. Discovery of dinosaur remain from the Kwanmon
Group. Abstract of the Annual Meeting of the Paleontological Society of Japan.
37
Okazaki, 1992. A new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Lower
Cretaceous Kwanmon Group, Northern Kyushu. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum
of Natural History. 11 87-90
Walgettosuchus Huene, 1932
W. woodwardi Huene, 1932
= Megalosaurus woodwardi (Huene, 1932)
Albian, Early Cretaceous
Griman Creek Formation, New South Wales, Australia
Holotype- (BMNH R3717) distal caudal centrum (63 mm)
Reference- Huene, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung
und Geschichte. Monog. Geol. Pal. 4 (1) pts. 1 and 2, viii + 361 pp.
Yangchuanosaurus? "longqiaoensis"
Li, Zhang and Cai, 1999
Jurassic
Sichuan, China
Reference- Li, Zhang and Cai, 1999. The Characteristics of the Composition
of the Trace Elements in Jurassic Dinosaur Bones and Red Beds in Sichuan Basin,
Geological Publishing House, Beijing: pp. not yet available [in Chinese with
English summary]. ISBN 7-116-02875-7.
unnamed Ceratosauroidea (O'Connor et al., 2006)
Early Cretaceous
Unit 1 of the Red Sandstone Group, Tanzania
Material- (TNM 02088) tooth (FABL ~11.5 mm)
(TNM 03041) two incomplete proximal caudal vertebrae (80 mm)
(TNM coll.) eight lateral teeth, two anterior teeth
Reference- O'Connor, Gottfried, Stevens, Roberts, Ngasala, Kapilima and
Chami, 2006. Journal of African Earth Sciences.