Political Parties*
Constitution, Section II, Article 28: Citizens have the right to form political parties and other social associations which operate within the framework of the constitution and laws. Forbidden is the formation and activity of political parties and other social associations whose goals are violent change in the constitutional order; allowing violence in their activities; agitating against the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens; advocating war; [advocating] racial, national, social, or religious animosity; encroaching on the health or morality of the people; or forming militaristic associations or political parties based on national or religious traits.
Democratic Party Of Turkmenistan
Membership: Unknown, was reported to be 52,000 in 1992
Chairman: Saparmurat Niyazov
Founder: Saparmurat Niyazov
Founded: 16 December 1991
Registered: The Democratic Party of Turkmenistan is the successor to the Communist Party of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. The party held its founding congress right after last congress of the former Communist Party. The party is the only officially registered political party in Turkmenistan and its chairman is President Niyazov.
NEVER REGISTERED
Agzybirlik (Unity)
Membership: Unknown
Founder: Nurberdi Nurmamedov
Founded: 1 September 1989
OPPOSITION IN EXILE
It is unclear how much support these groups have inside Turkmenistan.
Union Of Democratic Forces Of Turkmenistan
Membership: Unknown
Founders: Aleksandr Dodonov, Nurkukhammet Hanamov, Avdy Kuliev, Nazar Suyunov
Founded: 2003
Formed by leaders of Vatan, the United Democratic Opposition of Turkmenistan, and Republican Party of Turkmenistan after meetings in Vienna and Prague in 2003.
Vatan
Membership: Unknown
Founder: Khudaiberdy Orazov, Aleksandr Dodonov
Founded: Unknown
Republican Party Of Turkmenistan
Membership: Unknown
Co-chairmen: Nurmukhammet Hanamov, Sapar Yklymov
Founded: Unknown
Renaissance (Vozrozhdeniye)
Membership: Unknown
Founder: Nazar Soyunov
Founded: Unknown
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