P
PIF - Pityrosporum
PIF (PIF)
prolactin-inhibiting factor.
pig (pig)
(pig)
a domesticated form of Sus scrofa, a farm animal with cloven hoofs that is raised for its meat.
dancing p.
, shaker p.
a pig suffering from congenital tremor syndrome.
pigeonpox (pig·eon·pox)
(pij´ən-poks)
a type of fowlpox seen in pigeons, characterized by pox lesions of the oral mucosa and the eyelids, sometimes resulting in
blindness.
pigment (pig·ment)
(pig´mənt)
[L. pigmentum paint]
1. any normal or abnormal coloring matter of the body.
2. a paintlike medicinal preparation to be applied to the skin.
bile p.
any of the coloring matters of the bile, such as bilirubin, biliverdin, bilicyanin, bilifuscin, bilihumin, biliprasin, and choleprasin.
blood p.
hematogenous p.
endogenous p.
a pigment derived from material normally present in the body.
exogenous p.
a pigment inhaled or ingested and deposited in the lungs and other tissues.
fatty p.
lipid p.
hematogenous p.
any of the pigments derived from hemoglobin, such as hematoidin, hematoporphyrin, hemofuscin, hemosiderin, and methemoglobin.
hepatogenous p.
bile pigment formed in the liver.
lipid p.
any of various pigments having lipid characteristics, some of which also contain protein or iron, the most important one being
lipofuscin. Called also fatty p.
lipochrome p.
lipochrome.
malarial p.
a pigment formed by the malarial parasite from the pigment of the blood and deposited largely in the spleen and liver.
melanotic p.
melanin.
respiratory p.’s
substances, such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, or the cytochromes, which take part in the oxidation processes of the animal body.
retinal p.’s
the photopigments in retinal rods and cones that respond to certain colors of light and initiate the process of vision; see
also chlorolabe, cyanolabe, erythrolabe, and rhodopsin. Called also visual p's.
visual p.’s
retinal p's.
wear and tear p.
lipochrome.
pigmentary (pig·men·tary)
(pig´mən-tar”e)
pertaining to or of the nature of a pigment.
pigmentation (pig·men·ta·tion)
(pig”mən-ta´shən)
the deposition of coloring matter; the coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.
pigmented (pig·ment·ed)
(pig´mən-təd)
colored by deposit of pigment.
pigmentogenesis (pig·men·to·gen·e·sis)
(pig”mən-to-jen´ə-sis)
[pigment + genesis]
the production of pigment.
pigmentogenic (pig·men·to·gen·ic)
(pig”mən-to-jen´ik)
inducing the formation or deposit of pigment.
pigmentolysis (pig·men·tol·y·sis)
(pig”mən-tol´ĭ-sis)
[pigment + -lysis]
destruction of pigment.
pigmentophage (pig·men·to·phage)
(pig-men´to-fāj)
[pigment + -phage]
any pigment-devouring cell, especially such a cell of the hair; called also chromophage.
pigmentophore (pig·men·to·phore)
(pig-men´to-for”)
[pigment + -phore]
chromatophore.
piitis (pi·itis)
(pi-i´tis)
inflammation of the pia mater.
Pil. (Pil.)
[L.]
pi´lula (pill); pil´ulae (pills).
Pila (Pi·la)
(pi´lə)
a genus of freshwater snails of the family Pilidae. P. co´nica is the second intermediate host of the fluke Echinostoma ilocanum in the Philippines.
pila (pi·la)
(pi´lə)
pl. pi´lae
[L.]
a pillar or pillarlike structure, such as a trabecula of spongy bone.
pilae (pi·lae)
(pi´le)
[L.]
genitive and plural of pila.
pilar (pi·lar)
(pi´lər)
[L. pilaris]
pertaining to the hair.
pilary (pil·a·ry)
(pil´ə-re)
pilar.
pilaster (pi·las·ter)
(pi-las´tər)
ridge.
p. of Broca
linea aspera.
pile1 (pile)
(pīl)
[L. pila pillar]
an aggregation of similar elements for generating electricity.
muscular p.
layers of muscular tissue so arranged as to generate an electric current.
thermoelectric p.
a set of slender metallic bars which, on exposure to heat, generates a current of electricity that moves an index and is made
to register delicate changes of temperature.
voltaic p.
a battery for current electricity made up of a series of metallic disks.
pile2 (pile)
(pīl)
[L. pila a ball]
hemorrhoid.
sentinel p.
a hemorrhoid-like thickening of the mucous membrane at the lower end of a fissure of the anus.
pileus (pi·le·us)
(pi´le-əs)
[L. “a close-fitting felt cap”]
caul.
pili (pi·li)
(pi´li)
[L.]
genitive and plural of pilus.
pilial (pi·li·al)
(pi´le-əl)
pertaining to a pilus or pili.
piliate (pi·li·ate)
(pi´le-at)
having pili; said of bacteria.
Pilidae (Pil·i·dae)
(pil´ĭ-de)
a family of fresh water snails of the order Mesogastropoda; it includes the genus Pila.
piliform (pi·li·form)
(pi´lĭ-form)
shaped like or resembling hair.
pilimictio (pi·li·mic·tio)
(pi”lĭ-mik´she-o)
pilimiction.
pilimiction (pi·li·mic·tion)
(pi”lĭ-mik´shən)
[pili + miction]
passing of urine containing hair or hairlike threads of mucus.
pilin (pi·lin)
(pi´lin)
the protein that composes bacterial pili.
pill (pill)
(pil)
[L. pilula]
tablet.
radio p.
telemetering capsule.
pillar (pil·lar)
(pil´ər)
[L. pila]
a supporting column, usually occurring in pairs.
anterior p. of fauces
arcus palatoglossus.
anterior p. of fornix
columna fornicis.
articular p.’s
column-like structures formed by the articulation of the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae; see processus articularis inferior vertebrarum and processus articularis superior vertebrarum.
p.’s of Corti's organ
pillar cells.
p.’s of diaphragm
see pars lumbalis diaphragmatis.
posterior p. of fauces
arcus palatopharyngeus.
posterior p. of fornix
crus fornicis.
p.’s of soft palate
see arcus palatoglossus and arcus palatopharyngeus.
Uskow's p.’s
two folds of the embryo attached to the dorsolateral portion of the body wall; from these pillars and the septum transversum
the diaphragm is formed.
pillet (pil·let)
(pil´ət)
1. pilule.
2. pellet.
pillion (pil·lion)
(pil´yən)
pylon.
pillow (pil·low)
(pil´o)
a case or bag stuffed with soft material.
Frejka p.
a therapeutic device consisting of a pillow held wedged between the thighs of an infant; it corrects hip dislocation occurring
in developmental dysplasia of the hip by maintaining the femurs in abduction and flexion; called also Frejka pillow splint. 
■Frejka pillow.
pill-rolling (pill-roll·ing)
(pil-rōl´ing)
see under tremor.
pil(o)- (pil(o)-)
[L. pilus hair]
a combining form denoting relationship to hair, or resembling or composed of hair.
pilobezoar (pi·lo·be·zoar)
(pi”lo-be´zor)
trichobezoar.
Pilocar (Pi·lo·car)
(pi´lo-kahr”)
trademark for preparations of pilocarpine hydrochloride.
pilocarpine (pi·lo·car·pine)
(pi”lo-kahr´pēn)
[USP] a cholinomimetic alkaloid obtained from leaves of plants of the genus Pilocarpus, having predominantly muscarinic effects. When applied to the eye, it produces miosis and a transient rise and persistent
fall in intraocular pressure; used in the treatment of glaucoma.
p. hydrochloride
[USP]
the monohydrochloride salt of pilocarpine, applied topically to the eye in the treatment of glaucoma or to counteract the effects of cycloplegics and mydriatics following examination or surgery; also administered orally in the treatment of xerostomia resulting from reduced salivary gland function caused by radiotherapy for head and neck cancer or associated with Sjögren's syndrome.
p. nitrate
[USP]
the nitrate salt of pilocarpine, having the same actions and ophthalmic uses as the hydrochloride salt.
Pilocarpus (Pi·lo·car·pus)
(pi”lo-kahr´pəs)
[Gr. pilos wool or hair wrought into felt + karpos fruit]
a genus of shrubs of the family Rutaceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas; P. jaboran´di and P. microphyl´lus have leaves that yield pilocarpine.
pilocystic (pi·lo·cys·tic)
(pi”lo-sis´tik)
[pilo- + cystic]
hollow, or cystlike, and containing hairs; said of certain dermoid tumors.
pilocytic (pi·lo·cyt·ic)
(pi”lo-sit´ik)
composed of fiber-shaped cells.
piloerection (pi·lo·erec·tion)
(pi”lo-e-rek´shən)
[pilo- + erection]
erection of the hair.
piloleiomyoma (pi·lo·leio·myo·ma)
(pi”lo-li”o-mi-o´mə)
[pilo- + leiomyoma]
leiomyoma cutis, single or multiple, arising from the arrectores pilorum muscles.
pilomatricoma (pi·lo·ma·tri·co·ma)
(pi”lo-ma”trĭ-ko´mə)
[pilo- + matrix + -oma]
a solitary benign calcifying tumor of hair follicle origin manifested as a sharply circumscribed, firm intracutaneous nodule,
usually occurring on the face, neck, or upper extremity, and most often presenting before the age of 20. Histological features
include a fibrous stroma surrounding nests of basophilic cells and ghost, or shadow, cells. Called also benign calcifying or calcified epithelioma, calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, and Malherbe's calcifying epithelioma.
pilomatrixoma (pi·lo·ma·trix·o·ma)
(pi”lo-ma”trik-so´mə)
older name for pilomatricoma.
pilomotor (pi·lo·mo·tor)
(pi”lo-mo´tər)
[pilo- + motor]
pertaining to the arrector muscles, the contraction of which produces cutis anserina (goose flesh) and the erection of the
hairs.
pilonidal (pi·lo·ni·dal)
(pi”lo-ni´dəl)
[pilo- + L. nidus nest]
pertaining to, characterized by, or having a nidus or tuft of hairs.
Piloptic (Pi·lop·tic)
(pi-lop´tik)
trademark for preparations of pilocarpine hydrochloride.
pilose (pi·lose)
(pi´lōs)
[L. pilosus]
hairy; covered with hair.
pilosebaceous (pi·lo·se·ba·ceous)
(pi”lo-sə-ba´shəs)
pertaining to the hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
Pilostat (Pi·lo·stat)
(pi´lo-stat”)
trademark for preparations of pilocarpine hydrochloride.
Piltz' reflex, sign (Piltz' reflex, sign)
(pilts)
[Jan Piltz, Polish neurologist, 1870–1931]
see attention reflex of pupil and orbicularis pupillary reflex, under reflex.
Piltz-Westphal phenomenon (Piltz-West·phal phenomenon)
(pilts vest´fahl)
[J. Piltz; Alexander Karl Otto Westphal, German neurologist, 1863–1941]
orbicularis pupillary reflex.
pilula (pi·lu·la)
(pĭ´lu-lə)
pl. pi´lulae
[L.]
pill.
pilular (pil·u·lar)
(pil´u-lər)
resembling or pertaining to a pill.
pilule (pil·ule)
(pil´ūl)
[L. pilula]
1. a small pill.
2. pellet.
pilus (pi·lus)
(pi´ləs)
gen. and pl. pi´li
[L.]
1.
[TA] hair.
2. [pl.] in microbiology, the minute filamentous appendages of certain bacteria; they are considerably smaller and less rigid
than flagella and are associated with antigenic properties and sex functions of the cell; called also fimbria.
pi´li annula´ti
a condition in which the individual hairs appear to be marked by alternating bands of white as a result of some barrier in
the hair which prevents passage of light and causes the rays to be reflected back, giving the appearance of white bands.
pi´li canali´culi
uncombable hair syndrome.
pi´li cunicula´ti
a condition characterized by burrowing hairs; see under hair.
F p.
in bacterial genetics, a hollow tubular pilus possessed by (male) F+ cells, which carry the F (fertility) plasmid. It forms a connection with a (female) F- cell in bacterial conjugation to allow the transfer of genetic material.
pi´li incarna´ti
a condition characterized by ingrown hairs; see under hair.
pi´li incarna´ti recur´vi
a condition characterized by ingrown hairs that have repenetrated the skin after growing from the hair follicles.
pi´li multige´mini
multiple hairs growing from the same follicle, as a result of deep division of its base, producing, in effect, a cluster of
separate papillae.
pi´li tor´ti
a condition characterized by twisted hairs; see under hair.
pi´li trian´guli et canali´culi
uncombable hair syndrome.
Pima (Pima)
(pim´ə)
trademark for a preparation of potassium iodide.
pimelitis (pim·e·li·tis)
(pim”ə-li´tis)
[pimel- + -itis]
inflammation of the adipose tissue.
pimel(o)- (pimel(o)-)
[Gr. pimelē lard]
a combining form denoting relationship to fat.
pimeloma (pim·e·lo·ma)
(pim”ə-lo´mə)
[pimel- + -oma]
lipoma.
pimelopterygium (pim·e·lop·ter·yg·i·um)
(pim”ə-lo-tər-ij´e-əm)
[pimel- + pterygium]
a fatty outgrowth upon the conjunctiva.
pimelorthopnea (pim·el·or·thop·nea)
(pim”əl-or”thop-ne´ə)
[pimel- + orthopnea]
dyspnea while lying down, due to obesity. Called also piorthopnea.
pimozide (pi·mo·zide)
(pi´mə-zīd)
an antipsychotic and antidyskinetic agent, a diphenylbutylpiperidine, used in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome; administered orally.
Pimpinella (Pim·pi·nel·la)
(pim”pĭ-nel´ə)
[L.]
a genus of plants of the family Umbelliferae. P. ani´sum L. is anise, a source of anise oil.
pimple (pim·ple)
(pim´pəl)
a papule or pustule, usually of the face, neck, or upper trunk, most often due to acne vulgaris.
pin (pin)
(pin)
1. a long slender metal rod for the fixation of the ends of fractured bones.
2. a peg or dowel by means of which an artificial crown is fixed to the root of a tooth.
friction-locked p.
, friction-retained p.
a metal pin slightly larger than a hole drilled into dentin, forced into the hole and retained in place solely by friction.
Steinmann p.
a metal rod for the internal fixation of fractures.
Pinaceae (Pi·na·ceae)
(pi-na´se-e)
a large family of evergreen trees and shrubs that have cones and either needles or leaves. It includes the genera Abies, Pinus, and Tsuga.
pinacyanol (pin·a·cy·a·nol)
(pin”ə-si´ə-nol)
an aniline dye used as a tissue stain and for sensitizing photographic plates for red.
Pinard's maneuver (Pi·nard's maneuver)
(pe-nahrz´)
[Adolphe Pinard, French obstetrician, 1844–1934]
see under maneuver.
pince-ciseaux (pince-ci·seaux)
(pans”se-zo´)
[Fr. “forceps-scissors”]
a cutting forceps used in iridotomy.
pincers (pin·cers)
(pin´sərz)
1. forceps (def. 1).
2. the median deciduous incisors of the horse; called also nippers.
pinch (pinch)
(pinch)
1. to press an object tightly between the thumb and one finger.
2. an act of pinching; used as means of assessing hand dexterity. See also grip.
key p.
lateral p.
lateral p.
the act of pinching an object between the tip of the thumb and the radial side of the forefinger, as when turning a key.
pulp p.
the act of pinching an object between the terminal pulp of the thumb and that of one finger.
tip p.
, tip to tip p.
pulp p.
Pindborg tumor (Pind·borg tumor)
(pind´borg)
[Jens J. Pindborg, Danish oral pathologist, born 1921]
see calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, under tumor.
pindolol (pin·do·lol)
(pin´də-lol)
[USP] a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity; administered orally in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and certain other cardiovascular disorders.
pindone (pin·done)
(pin´dōn)
an indanedione anticoagulant used as a rodenticide; it can cause fatal anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning (q.v.) in many mammalian species.
pine1 (pine)
(pīn)
[L. pinus]
1. any tree of the genus Pinus.
2. any of numerous other coniferous trees.
longleaf p.
Pinus palustris.
southern p.
Pinus palustris.
Swiss mountain p.
Pinus mugo.
pine2 (pine)
(pīn)
pining.
pineal (pin·e·al)
(pin´e-əl)
[L. pinealis; pinea pine cone]
1. pertaining to the pineal body.
2. shaped like a pine cone.
pinealectomy (pin·e·al·ec·to·my)
(pin”e-əl-ek´tə-me)
[pineal body + -ectomy]
excision of the pineal body.
pinealism (pin·e·al·ism)
(pin´e-əl-iz”əm)
any condition due to presumed abnormalities of pineal gland secretion; see also hyperpinealism and hypopinealism.
pinealoblastoma (pin·e·a·lo·blas·to·ma)
(pin”e-ə-lo-blas-to´mə)
a type of neuroepithelial tumor that is a pinealoma in which the pineal cells are not well differentiated. Called also pineoblastoma.
pinealocyte (pin·e·a·lo·cyte)
(pin´e-ə-lo-sīt”)
the principal cell of the pineal body, an epithelioid cell with pale-staining cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, and large nuclei that may be irregularly infolded
or lobulated; cords of these cells make up the body of the pineal body. See also interstitial cells, under cell. Called also chief cell and pineal cell.
pinealocytoma (pin·e·a·lo·cy·to·ma)
(pin”e-ə-lo-si-to´mə)
pinealoma.
pinealoma (pin·e·a·lo·ma)
(pin”e-ə-lo´mə)
an uncommon tumor of the pineal body composed of neoplastic nests of large epithelial cells; symptoms include hydrocephalus,
conjugate paralysis of upward gaze, disturbances of gait, and precocious puberty, the last possibly due to the suppression
of pineal secretion of melatonin. Called also pinealocytoma and pineocytoma.
ectopic p.
pinealoma arising from pineal rests in the midline area, resulting in diabetes insipidus, compression of the optic chiasm,
and hypopituitarism.
pinealopathy (pin·e·a·lop·a·thy)
(pin”e-ə-lop´ə-the)
any disease of the pineal gland.
pinene (pi·nene)
(pi´nēn)
a terpene found in turpentine and many essential oils; used as a solvent and in the manufacture of synthetic camphor, insecticides, and synthetic pine oil.
pineoblastoma (pin·eo·blas·to·ma)
(pin”e-o-blas-to´mə)
pinealoblastoma.
pineocytoma (pin·eo·cy·to·ma)
(pin”e-o-si-to´mə)
pinealoma.
pinguecula (pin·gue·cu·la)
(ping-gwĕ´ku-lə)
gen. and pl. pingue´culae
[L. “somewhat fatty”]
a yellowish spot of proliferation on the bulbar conjunctiva near the sclerocorneal junction, usually on the nasal side; seen
in elderly people.
pinguicula (pin·gui·cu·la)
(ping-gwĭ´ku-lə)
pinguecula.
piniform (pin·i·form)
(pin´ĭ-form)
[L. pinea pine cone + form]
conical or cone-shaped.
pining (pin·ing)
(pīn´ing)
enzootic marasmus in Scotland due to cobalt deficiency; called also pine.
pinkeye (pink·eye)
(pink´i)
1. acute contagious conjunctivitis.
2. infectious keratoconjunctivitis.
pinledge (pin·ledge)
(pin´lej)
a flat floor or shoulder prepared within the tooth structure, into which pin holes are drilled to accommodate pins in a pin-retained
cast restoration.
pinna (pin·na)
(pin´ə)
[L. “wing”]
auricula (def. 1).
pinnal (pin·nal)
(pin´əl)
pertaining to the auricle of the ear; see auricular.
pinocyte (pino·cyte)
(pin´o-, pi´no-sīt)
a cell that exhibits pinocytosis.
pinocytic (pino·cyt·ic)
(pin”o-, pi”no-sit´ik)
pertaining to a pinocyte or to pinocytosis.
pinocytosis (pino·cy·to·sis)
(pin”o-, pi”no-si-to´sis)
[Gr. pinein to drink + cyto- + -osis]
the imbibition of liquids by cells, especially the mechanism by which cells ingest extracellular fluid and its contents; it
involves the formation of minute incuppings or invaginations (caveolae) by the cell membrane, which close and pinch off to
form free, fluid-filled vesicles (pinosomes) in the cytoplasm. It is thought to be a method of active transport across the cell membrane.
■Pinocytosis of small fluid droplets.
pinocytotic (pino·cy·tot·ic)
(pin”o-, pi”no-si-tot´ik)
pertaining to or characterized by pinocytosis.
pinosome (pino·some)
(pin´o-, pi´no-sōm)
[Gr. pinein to drink + -some]
any of the small fluid-filled vesicles found in the cytoplasm during pinocytosis, formed by invaginations of the cell membrane
(caveolae) which pinch off and become free. Called also pinocytotic vesicle.
Pinoyella (Pi·no·yel·la)
(pi”no-yel´ə)
former name for Trichophyton.
Pins' sign (Pins' sign)
(pins)
[Emil Pins, Austrian physician, 1845–1913]
Ewart's sign.
pint (pint) (pt)
(pīnt)
a unit of liquid measure; in the United States it is 16 fluid ounces, or the equivalent of 0.473 liter. In Great Britain, it is the imperial pint and is 20 fluid ounces, or the equivalent of 0.568 liter.
pinta (pin·ta)
(pēn´tah)
[Sp. “painted”]
a form of treponematosis, being a chronic dyschromic dermatosis endemic in certain parts of tropical America and characterized
by the presence on the skin of spots, which may be white, coffee-colored, blue, red, or violet. It is caused by Treponema carateum (the Wassermann reaction is usually positive), and is believed to be transmitted usually by direct person-to-person contact.
pintid (pin·tid)
(pin´tid)
one of the flat erythematous skin lesions constituting the spreading eruption occurring in the second stage of pinta.
Pinus (Pi·nus)
(pi´nus)
the pines, a large genus of coniferous evergreen trees of the family Pinaceae. P. mu´go is the Swiss mountain pine; it and its dwarf variant, P. mu´go var. pumi´lio, are sources of pine needle or dwarf pine needle oil. P. palus´tris Mill. is the longleaf or southern pine of the southern United States, a source of pine oil, rosin, turpentine, and other products.
pinus (pi·nus)
(pi´nəs)
[L.]
glandula pinealis.
pinworm (pin·worm)
(pin´werm)
oxyurid.
pi(o)- (pi(o)-)
[Gr. piōn fat]
a combining form denoting relationship to fat. See also words beginning lip(o)-.
pioepithelium (pio·epi·the·li·um)
(pi”o-ep”ĭ-the´le-əm)
[pio- + epithelium]
epithelium in which fatty matter is deposited.
pioglitazone hydrochloride (pi·o·glit·a·zone hy·dro·chlo·ride)
(pi”o-glit´ə-zōn)
a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent that decreases insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues and liver, used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; administered orally.
pion (pi·on)
(pi´on)
[pi meson]
a subatomic particle, which may be positive, negative, or neutral, with mass intermediate between that of an electron and
that of a proton; it carries the force that binds the atomic nucleus together. It is an example of a meson.
Piophila (Pi·oph·i·la)
(pi-of´ĭ-lə)
a genus of flies. P. ca´sei is a fly whose larva is the cheese skipper, a common cause of intestinal myiasis.
piorthopnea (pi·or·thop·nea)
(pi”or-thop´ne-ə, pi”or-thop-ne´ə)
[pio- + orthopnea]
pimelorthopnea.
Piotrowski's sign (reflex) (Pi·o·trow·ski's sign (reflex))
(pe”o-trov´skēz)
[Alexander Piotrowski, German neurologist, born 1878]
see under sign.
PIP (PIP)
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate.
PIP2 (PIP2)
phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
pipamperone (pi·pam·pe·rone)
(pĭ-pam´pə-rōn)
an antipsychotic that has been used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
pipazethate hydrochloride (pip·az·e·thate hy·dro·chlo·ride)
(pĭ-paz´ə-thāt)
a nonnarcotic antitussive; administered orally.
pipecolic acid (pip·ecol·ic ac·id)
(pip”ə-kol´ik)
a cyclic amino acid occurring as an intermediate in a minor pathway of lysine degradation and at elevated levels in blood
in cerebrohepatorenal syndrome and in hyperlysinemia.
pipecuronium bromide (pip·e·cu·ro·ni·um bro·mide)
(pip”ə-ku-ro´ne-əm)
a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent used as an adjunct to anesthesia, inducing skeletal muscle relaxation and facilitating the management of patients on mechanical
ventilation; administered intravenously.
Piper (Pi·per)
(pi´pər)
[L. “pepper”]
a genus of plants of the family Piperaceae, native to southern Asia, Malaysia, and Indonesia. P. bet´le is betel, whose leaf is used in the masticatory also called betel. P. cube´ba L. f. is the tailed or Java pepper, whose fruit is the cubeb. P. methys´ticum is the kava plant (see kava kava).
piperacillin (pi·per·a·cil·lin)
(pi-per´ə-sil”in)
[USP] a semisynthetic broad-spectrum penicillin effective against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
p. sodium
[USP]
the sodium salt of piperacillin, used in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible organisms and in intra-abdominal
surgery for the prevention of infection; administered intramuscularly or intravenously.
piperazidine (pi·per·az·i·dine)
(pi”pər-az´ĭ-dēn)
piperazine.
piperazine (pi·per·a·zine)
(pi´pər-ə-zēn”)
[USP] an anthelmintic used in humans and domestic and farm animals against Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis; it causes a flaccid paralysis of the worm musculature by altering cell membrane permeability and causing hyperpolarization
of the membrane. Called also diethylenediamine and piperazidine.
p. citrate
[USP]
the citrate salt of piperazine, used for humans and domestic and farm animals in the treatment of intestinal roundworm and
pinworm infections; administered orally.
p. phosphate
the phosphate salt of piperazine, used for humans and domestic and farm animals in the treatment of intestinal roundworm and
trematode infections.
piperism (pi·per·ism)
(pi´pər-iz-əm)
[L. piper pepper]
poisoning by pepper.
piperocaine hydrochloride (pi·per·o·caine hy·dro·chlo·ride)
(pi´pər-o-kān”)
a local anesthetic used for topical, infiltration, regional, spinal, and caudal anesthesia.
piperonyl butoxide (pi·per·o·nyl bu·tox·ide)
(pi-pər´o-nəl)
a synergist used mainly in veterinary medicine in combination with pyrethrins in insecticides and pediculicides.
pipet (pi·pet)
(pi-pet´)
pipette.
pipette (pi·pette)
(pi-pet´)
[Fr.]
1. a glass or transparent plastic tube used in measuring or transferring small quantities of liquid or gas.
2. to dispense fluid or gas by means of a pipette.
Pipizan (Pi·pi·zan)
(pi´pĭ-zən)
trademark for a preparation of piperazine.
pipobroman (pi·po·bro·man)
(pĭ”po-bro´mən)
an antineoplastic alkylating agent used in the treatment of polycythemia vera, administered orally.
Pipracil (Pip·ra·cil)
(pip”rə-sil)
trademark for a preparation of piperacillin sodium.
pipradrol hydrochloride (pi·pra·drol hy·dro·chlo·ride)
(pĭ´prə-drol)
a central nervous system stimulant, administered orally.
Piptadenia (Pip·ta·de·nia)
(pip”tə-de´ne-ə)
a genus of tropical shrubs and trees of the family Leguminosae. Some species from Brazil yield seeds that are made into the
narcotic psychotomimetic snuff called parica.
Piptocephalis (Pip·to·ceph·a·lis)
(pip”to-sef´ə-lis)
a genus of fungi of the order Zoopagales; some species contain trichothecenes and can cause alimentary toxic aleukia.
piqûre (pi·qûre)
(pe-kūr´)
[Fr.]
puncture, especially Bernard's (diabetic) puncture.
pirbuterol (pir·bu·ter·ol)
(pir-bu´tər-ol)
a sympathomimetic agent specific for beta2 receptors, used as bronchodilator.
p. acetate
the acetate ester of pirbuterol, used as a bronchodilator for the treatment of asthma-associated bronchospasm and the treatment and prophylaxis of bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, or other chronic obstructive airway disease; administered by oral inhalation.
p. hydrochloride
the hydrochloride salt of pirbuterol, having actions and uses similar to the acetate ester.
Pirenella (Pi·re·nel·la)
(pi”rə-nel´ə)
a genus of snails of the family Cerithiidae, order Mesogastropoda. P. co´nica is a species found in Egypt that is a host of the intestinal fluke Heterophyes heterophyes.
pirenzepine hydrochloride (pir·en·ze·pine hy·dro·chlo·ride)
(pir”ən-zĕ´pēn)
an antagonist of certain muscarinic receptors that has minimal anticholinergic effects and does not cross the blood-brain barrier, used to inhibit gastric secretion in peptic ulcer.
piriform (pir·i·form)
(pir´ĭ-form)
[L. pirum a pear + form]
pear-shaped.
Pirogoff's amputation, angle, triangle (Pir·o·goff's amputation, angle, triangle)
(pīr´o-gofs)
[Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogoff, Russian surgeon, 1810–1881]
see under amputation, see venous angle, under angle and see hypoglossohyoid triangle, under triangle.
piroplasm (pi·ro·plasm)
(pi´ro-plaz-əm)
any protozoan of the subclass Piroplasmia. Called also piroplasmid.
Piroplasma (Pi·ro·plas·ma)
(pi”ro-plaz´mə)
former name for Babesia.
Piroplasmia (Pi·ro·plas·mia)
(pi”ro-plaz-me´ə)
[L. pirum pear + plasma]
a subclass of heteroxenous parasitic protozoa (class Sporozoea, subphylum Apicomplexa), occurring as piriform, round, or rod-shaped
cells or ameboid cells without a conoid, oocysts, spores, pseudocysts, and flagella, and usually without subpellicular microtubules
but with a polar ring and rhoptries. Locomotion is accomplished by flexion, by gliding, or, in sexual stages of certain species,
by large axopodium-like organelles (strahlen). They are parasitic in the erythrocytes and other circulating and fixed cells of the host, with merogony occurring in vertebrates
and sporogony in invertebrates, and producing sporozoites with a single-membraned wall. Ticks are the vectors of most of the
piroplasmids. It comprises a single order: Piroplasmida.
piroplasmid (pi·ro·plas·mid)
(pi”ro-plaz´mid)
1. pertaining or relating to protozoa of the subclass Piroplasmia.
2. piroplasm.
Piroplasmida (Pi·ro·plas·mi·da)
(pi”ro-plaz´mĭ-də)
an order of protozoa (subclass Piroplasmia, class Sporozoea) having the characters of the subclass. Representative genera
include Babesia, Cytauxzoon, Dactylosoma, and Theileria.
piroplasmosis (pi·ro·plas·mo·sis)
(pi”ro-plaz-mo´sis)
1. babesiosis.
2. infection by any species of Piroplasmida.
tropical p.
see under theileriasis.
piroxantrone hydrochloride (pir·o·xan·trone hy·dro·chlo·ride)
(pir”o-zan´trōn)
a cytotoxic compound that causes DNA strand breaks and cross-linking; used investigationally in the treatment of carcinoma
of the breast.
piroxicam (pir·ox·i·cam)
(pir-ok´sĭ-kam)
a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and dysmenorrhea; administered orally or rectally.
Pirquet's test (reaction) (Pir·quet's test (reaction))
(pir-kāz´)
[Clemens Freiherr von Pirquet, Austrian pediatrician, 1874–1929]
see under test.
piscicide (pis·ci·cide)
(pis´ĭ-sīd)
any substance poisonous to fish.
Piscidia (Pis·cid·ia)
(pĭ-sid´e-ə)
[L. piscis fish + caedere to kill]
a genus of trees of the family Leguminosae. P. pisci´pula (L.) Sarg. (formerly called P. erythri´na L.) is Jamaica dogwood, whose bark is a mild anodyne.
piscidin (pis·ci·din)
(pĭ-si´din)
a neutral principle from Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg., an anodyne and antispasmodic.
pisiform (pi·si·form)
(pi´sĭ-form)
[L. pisum pea + form]
resembling a pea in shape and size.
pisiformis (pi·si·for·mis)
(pi”sĭ-for´mis)
[L.]
pisiform.
Piskacek's sign (Pis·ka·cek's sign)
(pis´kə-cheks”)
[Ludwig Piskacek, Austrian obstetrician, 1854–1933]
see under sign.
Pistacia (Pis·ta·cia)
(pis-ta´shə)
a genus of shrubs and small trees of the family Anacardiaceae, native to various parts of the Northern Hemisphere. P. lentis´cus is the mastic tree, source of mastic.
pistil (pis·til)
(pis´til)
[L. pistillus a pestle]
gynecium.
Pisum (Pi·sum)
(pi´səm)
a genus of vines of the family Leguminosae. P. sati´vum is the pea.
PIT (PIT)
plasma iron turnover.
pit (pit)
(pit)
1. a hollow fovea or indentation.
2. a pockmark.
3. a small depression or fault in the dental enamel, considered as belonging to Class I of Black's classification (see table at caries). See also fissure (def. 3).
4. to indent, or to become and remain for a short period of time indented by pressure.
5. a small depression in the nail plate seen in psoriasis.
anal p.
proctodeum.
arm p.
the axilla or axillary fossa.
auditory p.
a distinct depression appearing in each auditory placode, marking the beginning of embryonic development of the internal ear. Called also otic p. or depression.
basilar p.
a pit in the crown of an incisor tooth above its neck.
coated p.’s
small pits in the plasma membrane of many cells that are involved in the receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoproteins, insulin, and other ligands. The pits are coated with a protein, clathrin, on the cytoplasmic surface and may be taken into the cell to form vacuoles enclosing the ligands.
costal p.
fovea costalis inferior.
ear p.
preauricular p.
gastric p.’s
foveolae gastricae.
Gaul's p.’s
depressions in the corneal epithelium seen in neuroparalytic keratitis.
Herbert's p.’s
a characteristic defect left after the healing of a limbal follicle in trachoma.
lens p.
a pitlike depression in the ectoderm of the lens placode where the primordial lens is developing.
nasal p.
olfactory p.
oblong p. of arytenoid cartilage
fovea oblonga cartilaginis arytenoideae.
olfactory p.
the primordium of a nasal cavity.
otic p.
auditory p.
postanal p.
foveola coccygea.
preauricular p.
a slight depression anterior to the helix and superior to the tragus, sometimes leading to a congenital preauricular cyst
or fistula. Called also ear p.
primitive p.
a depression in the primitive node of the primitive streak at the cranial end of the primitive groove; it may open abnormally
into a neurenteric canal.
pterygoid p.
see under fovea.
p. of stomach
epigastrium.
suprameatal p.
foveola suprameatica.
triangular p. of arytenoid cartilage
fovea triangularis cartilaginis arytenoideae.
pitch (pitch)
(pich)
[L. pix]
1. a dark, lustrous, more or less viscous residue from the distillation of tar and other substances. Domestic animals and livestock
sometimes eat pitch-containing substances and can die from pitch poisoning; see under poisoning.
2. any of various bituminous substances such as natural asphalt.
3. a resin from the sap of some coniferous trees.
4. the quality of sound dependent principally on its frequency.
Burgundy p.
an aromatic, oily resin from Abies (or Picea) excelsa, the Norway spruce of Europe, which has been used as a counterirritant in plasters.
Canada p.
a resin from Tsuga canadensis, the hemlock tree, used in plasters.
pitchblende (pitch·blende)
(pich´blend)
a black mineral containing uranium oxide; from it are obtained radium, polonium, and uranium.
pith (pith)
(pith)
1. to pierce the spinal cord or brain; see pithing.
2. the soft tissue found in plant stems that often disappears so that the stem becomes hollow.
3. the central core of colorless parenchymatous cells in stems and some roots.
pithecoid (pith·e·coid)
(pith´ə-koid)
[Gr. pithēkos ape + -oid]
apelike.
pithing (pith·ing)
(pith´ing)
destruction of the brain and spinal cord by thrusting a blunt needle into the spinal canal and cranium; done on animals to
destroy sensibility preparatory to experimenting on their living tissues.
Pithomyces (Pith·o·my·ces)
(pith”o-mi´sez)
a genus of Fungi Imperfecti of the form-family Dematiaceae. P. charta´rum contains sporidesmin and causes facial eczema of ruminants.
pithomycotoxicosis (pith·o·my·co·tox·i·co·sis)
(pith”o-mi”ko-tok”sĭ-ko´sis)
a form of mycotoxicosis in animals from ingestion of fungi of the genus Pithomyces, resulting in liver damage and facial eczema of ruminants (see under eczema).
Pitocin (Pi·to·cin)
(pĭ-to´sin)
trademark for preparations of oxytocin.
Pitres' rule, sign (Pi·tres' rule, sign)
(pe´trə)
[Jean Albert Pitres, French physician, 1848–1927]
see under rule and sign.
Pitressin (Pi·tres·sin)
(pĭ-tres´in)
trademark for a preparation of vasopressin.
pitta (pit·ta)
(pit´ə)
[Sanskrit “bile”]
according to ayurveda, one of the three doshas, or principles of constitution of the body, condensed from the elements fire and water. Pitta is the principle of transformation energy and governs heat and metabolism in the body, and is concerned
with the digestive, enzymatic, and endocrine systems. It is eliminated from the body through sweat.
pitting (pit·ting)
(pit´ing)
1. the formation, usually by scarring, of a small depression.
2. the removal from erythrocytes, by the spleen, of certain structures, such as iron granules, without destruction of the cells.
3. remaining indented for a few minutes after removal of firm pressure; see under edema.
pituicyte (pi·tu·i·cyte)
(pĭ-too´ĭ-sīt)
[pituitary +-cyte]
any of the dominant and distinctive fusiform cells of the neurohypophysis, which are intermingled with nerve fibers and are
regarded as specialized neuroglial cells. According to their morphological appearance on staining with silver, four subtypes
are distinguished: adeno-, fibro-, reticulo-, and micropituicytes.
pituita (pi·tu·i·ta)
(pĭ-too´ĭ-tə)
[L.]
a glutinous mucus.
pituitarism (pi·tu·i·ta·rism)
(pĭ-too´ĭ-tə-riz”əm)
disorder of pituitary function; see hyperpituitarism and hypopituitarism.
pituitary (pi·tu·i·tary)
(pĭ-too´ĭ-tar”e)
[L. pituita phlegm]
1. hypophysial.
2. hypophysis.
3. a preparation of some part of the pituitary gland of animals (e.g., cattle, pigs, sheep), used therapeutically.
anterior p.
1. adenohypophysis.
2. a preparation of the dried, partially defatted, powdered adenohypophysis of hogs, sheep, or cattle.
pharyngeal p.
see under hypophysis.
posterior p.
1. neurohypophysis.
2. a powdered preparation of the dried neurohypophysis of certain food animals, having the pharmacological actions of its hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of central diabetes insipidus, administered subcutaneously, by nasal inhalation, or by topical application to the nasal mucosa. It may be used to stimulate
smooth muscle tissue, especially to produce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage.
whole p.
a preparation of the dried, partially defatted, powdered whole pituitary gland of certain food animals.
pituitectomy (pi·tu·i·tec·to·my)
(pĭ-too”ĭ-tek´tə-me)
hypophysectomy.
pituitous (pi·tu·i·tous)
(pĭ-too´ĭ-təs)
[L. pituitosus]
pertaining to mucus or characterized by its secretion.
pityriasis (pit·y·ri·a·sis)
(pit”ĭ-ri´ə-sis)
[Gr. pityron bran + -iasis]
any of various skin diseases characterized by the formation of fine, branny scales.
p. al´ba
a common skin disorder most often seen in children and adolescents, usually on the face, especially the cheeks and the area
around the mouth, with round or oval, slightly scaling, hypopigmented patches; it usually involutes spontaneously. Called
also p. maculata and p. simplex.
lichenoid p., acute
an acute or subacute, sometimes relapsing, widespread macular, papular, or vesicular eruption that tends to crusting, necrosis,
and hemorrhage, which heals, leaving pigmented depressed scars, followed by the development of a new crop of lesions. Occasionally,
progression to the chronic lichenoid form may occur. Called also acute parapsoriasis; Habermann's, Mucha-Habermann, or Mucha's disease; parapsoriasis varioliformis acuta; and p. lichenoides et varioliformis acuta.
lichenoid p., chronic
a chronic brown to red-brown scaly macular eruption, distributed chiefly over the trunk, characterized histologically by epidermal
alterations and a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. It may represent progression of the acute lichenoid form or arise de
novo. Called also chronic or guttate parapsoriasis, parapsoriasis guttata, and parapsoriasis varioliformis chronica.
p. lichenoi´des acu´ta
acute lichenoid p.
p. lichenoi´des chro´nica
chronic lichenoid p.
p. lichenoi´des et variolifor´mis acu´ta
acute lichenoid p.
p. lin´guae
benign migratory glossitis.
p. macula´ta
p. alba.
p. ni´gra
tinea nigra.
p. ro´sea
a common acute or subacute, self-limited exanthematous disease of unknown etiology, whose onset is marked by a solitary pink,
reddish, or tan herald plaque, usually on the trunk, upper limbs, or thighs, followed by the development of papular or macular
lesions, similar to but smaller than the initial lesion, which have vesicular borders subsequently that tend to peel and produce
a scaly collarette.
p. rotun´da
a form of acquired ichthyosis manifested by circular or oval, brown, scaly, sharply demarcated patches on the trunk and limbs, becoming worse during the
winter and better in the summer.
p. ru´bra (Hebra)
exfoliative dermatitis.
p. ru´bra pila´ris
a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease characterized by tiny acuminate, reddish brown follicular papules topped by central
horny plugs in which are embedded hairs, partial or complete; disseminated yellowish pink scaling patches; and often solid
confluent hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles with a tendency to fissuring.
p. sic´ca
dandruff (def. 2).
p. sim´plex
p. alba.
p. versi´color
tinea versicolor.
pityroid (pit·y·roid)
(pit´ĭ-roid)
[Gr. pityron bran + -oid]
furfuraceous; branny.
Pityrosporon (Pit·y·ros·po·ron)
(pit”ĭ-ros´pə-ron)
former name for Malassezia.
Pityrosporum (Pit·y·ros·po·rum)
(pit”ĭ-ros´pə-rəm)
[Gr. pityron bran + sporos seed]
former name for Malassezia. P. orbicula´re is M. furfur and P. ova´le is M. ovalis.
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