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The Cigar Industry in Tampa
Tampa has long been renowned for its cigar industry. The people, their neighborhoods, their workplaces and social clubs, as well as the factories that so many cigar aficionados recognize, are all a part of the area's rich history.

Ybor City and West Tampa have come a long way since Sanchez and Haya craftsmen rolled their first cigar in 1886. Cigarmakers constituted a special breed, and the workers inherited a special ethos.

photo by Jason Marsh
1820
A natural spring near Ybor City is used by Fort Brooke troops. It soon becomes known as Government Spring. An historic marker, at the intersection of 13th Street and Fifth Avenue, marks the approximate site of the spring.

1885
Vicente Martinez Ybor and Ignacio Haya decide to build cigar factories in a scrub area northeast of Tampa. Martinez Ybor purchases 40 acres of land and Haya purchases 10. The area is soon known as Ybor City.

March 26, 1886
Haya opens Factory #1.

1887
Yellow fever epidemic debilitates Tampa and Ybor City.

Late 1880s
Ruperto and Paulina Pedroso arrive in Tampa.

September 7, 1891
El Centro Español is chartered.

November 1891
Jose Martí visits Tampa for the first time. He delivers his famous "Para Cuba Que Sufre" speech on the steps of the Ybor factory. In all, Marti would visit Tampa 21 times.

1892
Electric streetcar service linked downtown Tampa, Ybor City, West Tampa and Ballast Point.

April 22, 1892
West Tampa area first surveyed and platted.

April 1894
L'Unione Italiana founded.

1895
Passage to Havana, Cuba from Port Tampa on the Plant steamers Mascotte and Olivette cost $25.

February 25, 1895
Cuban Revolution begins. The message to start the revolution was sent to Cuban insurrectos via West Tampa, where it was rolled into a cigar to be smuggled to Cuba.

May 18, 1895
West Tampa incorporated as a city.

May 19, 1895
Jose Martí killed in battle in Oriente Province, Cuba.

1896
Florida Brewing Company, Florida's first brewery, is incorporated. The brewery uses water from the nearby Government Spring.

October 10, 1899
Interracial El Club Nacional Cubano founded. White Cubans and Afro-Cuban soon separated, though.

May 1899
Workers in the Ybor-Manrara factory go on strike after scales are introduced in the factory.

1900
La Sociedad de Libre Pensadores de Martí-Maceo founded in the Pedroso home.

July 26, 1901
Beginning of a four month general strike of the cigar industry. The walk-out, orchestrated by the union La Resistencia, was broken when the Citizens' Committee, formed by prominent Tampans, resorted to vigilante violence.

April 1, 1902
El Centro Asturiano founded.

April 4, 1904
A fire, which began in the Mugge bowling alley on Howard Avenue, consumes one hundred and thirty buildings in West Tampa, including homes, businesses and cigar factories.

March 1, 1908
Fire destroys a 17 block area in Ybor City. It is the worst fire in Tampa's history.

July 1910
Another general strike paralyzes the cigar industry. Again, vigilante committees composed of Tampa and West Tampa's prominent citizens, uses violence to force cigar makers back to work, including the lynching of two Italian men in West Tampa.

1912
West Tampa, with a population of over 10,000 people, is Florida's 5th largest city.

1914
Centro Espanol opens two new clubhouses, one on Seventh Avenue in Ybor City, the other on Howard Avenue in West Tampa.

April 8, 1918
Another destructive fire tears through West Tampa, destroying over 100 buildings.

1921
Fourth of July Cafe opens in West Tampa.

1922
Victoriano Manteiga and Dr. José Avellanal begin publishing La Gaceta.

January 1925
West Tampa annexed to the City of Tampa.

1933
Lectores removed from Tampa's cigar factories. Workers go on strike, but they are unsuccessful.

1940s
World War II takes workers from an already slumping industry. Machines, introduced in the 1920s, become further ingrained in the factories. Cigarettes are sent to both war fronts, addicting hundreds of thousands of soldiers, and in the process turning them away from cigars.

1948
Memorial established to Jose Martí in Ybor City.

November 1955
Fidel Castro comes to Tampa. Representatives of the Cuban Club and the Italian Club refuse use of their buildings for a meeting with his supporters. Castro speaks to a crowd of 300 supporters, police officers and FBI agents at the CIO building on Broadway (Seventh Avenue). Castro was interviewed by the Tampa Tribune, WFLA TV (Channel 8) and Spanish radio station WALT.

February 3, 1962
President John F. Kennedy bans trade and travel between Cuba and the United States. Further debilitates the already stagnant cigar industry.

1960s
Tampa's leaders introduce Urban Renewal to the area, including Ybor City. Hundreds of buildings, mostly homes, are demolished to make room for large-scale construction projects--some will not be replaced until the 1990s. Interstate 4 cut through the northern end of Ybor City during this decade, as well, causing more demolition of homes and cigar factories. Artists begin to move into Ybor, occupying long-empty buildings.

1970s
Interstate 275 is constructed through West Tampa, contributing to the degradation of the surrounding neighborhood.

1980s
Beginning of Guavaween and a concerted preservation movement in Ybor City.

1990
Centro Asturiano Hospital closes.

1990s
Both Centro Espanol buildings see new life. The West Tampa structure is purchased by the Urban League and renovated for use as their headquarters?, while in Ybor City the clubhouse is the center of a new commercial development called Centro Ybor.


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