A Pierre Abélard, (1079 - 1142) Abhinavagupta (c. 975 - 1025) Adi Shankara (c. 788-820) Agrippa Scepticul, (sec I/sec.II) Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, (1436 - 1535) Leone Battista Alberti, (1404 - 1472) Albertus Magnus, (1193? - 1280) Albinus (c. 130) Alcibiade, (c. 450 - 404 î.Hr.) Samuel Alexander, (1859 - 1938) Francesco Algarotti, (1712 - 1764) Dante Alighieri, (1265 - 1321) Louis Althusser, (1918 - 1990) Ambrose, (c. 340 - 397) Anandavardhana, (820 - 890) Anaxagora, (d. 462 î.Hr.) Anaximandru, (610 î.Hr. - c. 546 î.Hr.) Anaximene Anselm de Canterbury, (1034 - 1109) Apollonius din Tyana, (2 - 98) Toma d'Aquino, (1225 - 1274) Archytas, (428 î.Hr. - 347 î.Hr.) Arhimede, (d. 212 î.Hr.) Hannah Arendt, (1906 - 1975) Ariston din Chios, (250 î.Hr.) Aristotel, (384 î.Hr. - 322 î.Hr.) Aristoxenus, (secolul IV î.Hr.) Jacobus Arminius, (1560 - 1609) Raymond Aron, (1905 - 1983) Asclepiades Aspasius, (c. 100 - 150) Titus Pomponius Atticus, (110 - 32 î.Hr.) Augustin de Hipona, (354 - 430) Marcus Aurelius, (121 - 180) J. L. Austin, (1911 - 1960) Averroes, (1126 - 1198) Avicenna, (980 - 1037) Alfred Ayer, (1910 - 1989)B Francis Bacon, (1561 - 1626) Roger Bacon, (1214 - 1294) Karl Barth, (1886 – 1968) Jean Baudrillard, (n. 1929) Simone de Beauvoir, (1908 - 1986) Walter Benjamin, (1892 - 1940) Nikolai Berdiaev, (1874 - 1948) Gustav Bergmann, (1906 - 1987) Henri Bergson, (1859 - 1941) George Berkeley, (1685 - 1753) Isaiah Berlin, (1909 - 1997) Walter Biemel, (n. 1918) Lucian Blaga, (1895 – 1961) Bonaventura, c. 1217 - 1274) Jakob Böhme, (1575 - 1624) Boethius, (480 – 525) Niels Bohr, (1885 - 1962) Dietrich Bonhoeffer, (1906 – 1946) Bernard Bolzano, (1781 - 1848) Bernard de Clairvaux, 1090 – 1153) F. H. Bradley, (1846 - 1924) Franz Brentano, (1853 - 1920) Percy Williams Bridgman, (1882 - 1961) Giordano Bruno, (1548 - 1600) Emil Brunner, (1889 –1966) Martin Buber, (1878 - 1965) Edmund Burke, (1729 - 1797) Samuel Butler, (1835 - 1902)C Callicles, (secolul V î.Hr.) Ioan Calvin, (1509 - 1564) Tommaso Campanella, (1568 - 1639) Albert Camus, (1913 - 1960) Gerolamo Cardano, (1501 - 1576) Rudolf Carnap, (1891 - 1970) Lewis Carroll, (1832 - 1898) Ernst Cassirer, (1874 - 1945) Cătălin Cioabă, (n. 1970) Emil Cioran, (1911 – 1995) Emile Auguste Chartier, (1868 - 1951) Cicero, (106 î.Hr. - 43 î.Hr.) Samuel Clarke, (1675 - 1729) Clement din Alexandria Hermann Cohen, (1842 - 1918) Auguste Comte, (1798 -1857) Confucius, (551 î.Hr. - 479 î.Hr.) Benjamin Constant, (1767 - 1830) Ananda Coomaraswamy, (1877-1947) Nicolaus Copernicus, (1473 - 1543) Nichifor Crainic, (1889 – 1972) Petru Creţia, (1927 – 1997) Benedetto Croce, (1866 - 1952) Ioan Petru Culianu, (1950 – 1991)D Jean le Rond d'Alembert, (1717 - 1783) Charles Darwin, (1809 - 1882) Surendranath Dasgupta, (1887-1952) Democrit Jacques Derrida, (1930 - 2004) René Descartes, (1596 - 1650) John Dewey, (1859 - 1952) Diagoras Denis Diderot, (1713 - 1784) Diogene Laerţiu, (secolul III) Diogenes din Apollonia, (c. 460 î.Hr.) Diogene din Sinope, (412 î.Hr. - 323 î.Hr.) Fiodor Dostoievski, (1821 - 1881) Alexandru Dragomir, (1916 – 2002) Eugen Dühring, (1833 - 1921) Lawrence Durrell, (1912 - 1990) Émile Durkheim, (1858 - 1917)E Meister Eckhart, (1260 - 1327/8) Umberto Eco, (n. 1932) Albert Einstein, (1879 - 1955) Mircea Eliade, (1907 - 1986) George Eliot, (1819 - 1880) Empedocle, (490 î.Hr. - 430 î.Hr.) Friedrich Engels (1820 - 1895) Epictet Epicur, (341 î.Hr. - 270 î.Hr.) Erasmus din Rotterdam, (1469 – 1536) Rudolf Eucken, (1846 - 1926) Euclid, (c. 365 î.Hr. - 275 î.Hr.)F Frantz Fanon, (1925 - 1961) Michelangelo Fardella, (1646 - 1718) Adam Ferguson, (1723 - 1816) James Frederick Ferrier, (1808 - 1864) Ludwig Feuerbach, (1804 - 1872) Paul Feyerabend, (1924 - 1994) Alain Finkielkraut, (n. 1949) Mircea Florian, (1888 – 1960) Johann Gottlieb Fichte, (1762 - 1814) Marsilio Ficino, (1433 - 1499) Michel Foucault, (1926 - 1984) Charles Fourier, (1772 - 1837) Benjamin Franklin, (1706 - 1790) Gottlob Frege, (1848 - 1925) Sigmund Freud, (1856 - 1939)G Hans-Georg Gadamer, (1900 - 2002) Galileo Galilei, (1564 - 1642) Mahatma Gandhi, (1869 - 1948) Pierre Gassendi, (1592 - 1655) Gautama Siddhartha, (c. 563 î.Hr. - 483 î.Hr.) Giovanni Gentile, (1875 - 1944) John Gill (1697 - 1771) Thomas Gisbourne, (1758 - 1846) Joseph Glanvill, (1636 - 1680) Godfrey of Fontaines, (c. 1250 - 1309) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, (1749 - 1832) Gorgias, (c. 483 î.Hr. - 375 î.Hr) Papa Grigore I, (540 - 604) Grigorie de Nyssa, (c. 335 - 398) Robert Grosseteste, (1175 - 1253) Gotthard Günther, (1900 - 1984) Dimitrie Gusti, (1880 – 1955)H Jürgen Habermas, (n. 1929) Ernst Haeckel, (1834 - 1919) Nakamura Hajime, (1911 - 1999) Yehuda Halevi, (c. 1085 - 1141) Johann Georg Hamann, (1730 - 1788) R. M. Hare, (1919 - 2002) Friedrich Harms, (1819 - 1880) David Hartley, (1705 - 1757) Eduard Von Hartmann, (1842 - 1906) Nicolai Hartmann, (1882 - 1950) Charles Hartshorne, (1897 - 2000) G.W.F. Hegel, (1770 - 1831) Martin Heidegger, (1889 - 1976) Claude Adrien Helvétius, (1715 - 1771) Carl Gustav Hempel, (1905 - 1997) Heraclit, (c. 535 î.Hr. - 475 î.Hr.) Johann Gottfried Herder, (1744 - 1803) Hesiod, (c. 700 î.Hr.) Hippias, (secolul V î.Hr.) Hippocrate, (460 î.Hr. - 380 î.Hr.) Thomas Hobbes, (1588 - 1679) Friedrich Hölderlin, (1770 - 1843) Homer, (c. 700 î.Hr.) Wilhelm von Humboldt, (1767 - 1835) David Hume, (1711 - 1776) Edmund Husserl, (1859 - 1938)I Ion Ianoşi, (n. 1928) Solomon Ibn Gabirol, (1021 - 1058) Ibn Khaldun, (1332 - 1406) Nae Ionescu, (1890 – 1940) Isocrates, (436 î.Hr. - 338 î.Hr.)J Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, (1743 - 1819) Karl Jaspers, (1883 - 1969) Thomas Jefferson, (1743 - 1826) Jørgen Jørgensen, (1894 - 1969) Ernst Jünger, (1895 - 1998) Iustinian I, (483 - 565)K Subhash Kak, (n. 1947) Immanuel Kant, (1724 - 1804) Gopinath Kaviraj Hans Kelsen, (1881 - 1973) Johannes Kepler, (1571 - 1630) Søren Kierkegaard, (1813 - 1855) Martin Luther King, (1929 - 1968) Arthur Koestler, (1905 - 1983) Saul Kripke, (1940 - ) Peter Kropotkin, (1842 - 1921) Thomas Samuel Kuhn, (1922 - 1996) Leszek Kolakowski, (1927 - ) Leszek Kołakowski, (1927 - )L Friedrich Albert Lange, (1828 - 1875) Lao Zi, (secolul IV î.Hr.) Pierre Simon Laplace, (1749 - 1827) Gottfried Leibniz, (1646 - 1716) Vladimir Lenin, (1870 - 1924) Leucip, (secolul V î.Hr.) Clarence Irving Lewis, (1883 - 1964) C. S. Lewis, (1898 - 1963) Gabriel Liiceanu, (n. 1942) John Locke, (1632 - 1704) Lucreţiu, (c. 99 î.Hr. - 55 î.Hr.) Martin Luther, (1483 - 1546) Rosa Luxemburg, (1871 - 1919)M Niccolò Machiavelli, (1469 - 1527) Shri Madhvacharya, (1238 - 1317) Moise Maimonide, (1135 - 1204) Titu Maiorescu, (1840 – 1917) John Major, (1467 - 1550) Tsunesaburo Makiguchi (1871 - 1944) Norman Malcolm, (1911 - 1990) Nicolas Malebranche, (1638 - 1715) Mao Zedong, (1893 - 1976) Gabriel Marcel, (1887 - 1973) Karl Marx, (1818 - 1883) James Clerk Maxwell, (1831 - 1879) Alexius Meinong, (1853 - 1920) Melissos din Samos, (c. 480 î.Hr. ) Maurice Merleau-Ponty, (1908 - 1961) Samuil Micu, (1745 – 1806) John Stuart Mill, (1806 - 1873) Michel de Montaigne, (1533 - 1592) Montesquieu (1689 - 1755) Thomas More, (1478 - 1535)N Ernest Nagel, (1901 - 1985) Thomas Nagel, (n. 1937) Nārāyana Guru, (1856 - 1928) P.P.Negulescu, (1872 – 1951) John von Neumann, (1903 - 1957) Otto Neurath, (1882 - 1945) Isaac Newton, (1642 - 1727) Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844 - 1900) Constantin Noica, (1909 – 1987) Robert Nozick, (1938 - 2001)O Peter Olivi, (1248 - 1298) Origen, (c. 182 - c. 251) José Ortega y Gasset, (1883 - 1955)P Thomas Paine, (1737 - 1809) William Paley, (1743 - 1805) Papa Ioan al XXI-lea, (secolul XIII) Parmenide, (secolul V î.Hr.) Blaise Pascal, (1623 - 1662) Horia-Roman Patapievici, (n. 1957) Jan Patočka, (1907 - 1977) Charles Sanders Peirce, (1839 - 1914) Thomas Percival, (1740 - 1804) Marta Petreu, (n. 1955) Ion Petrovici, (1882 – 1972) Philolaos, (c. 480 î.Hr. – c. 405 î.Hr.) Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, (1463 - 1494) Pitagora, (582 î.Hr. - 496 î.Hr.) Max Planck, (1858 - 1947) Platon, (c. 427 î.Hr. - c. 347 î.Hr.) Andrei Pleşu, (n. 1948) Plotin, (d. 270) Plutarh, (c. 46 - c. 125) Henri Poincaré, (1854 - 1912) Pietro Pomponazzi, (1462 - 1525) Karl Popper, (1902 - 1994) Richard Price, (1723 - 1791) Harold Arthur Prichard, (1871 - 1947) Protagoras, (c. 481 î.Hr. - 420 î.Hr.) Dionisie Pseudo-Areopagitul, (secolul V) Ptolemeu, (c. 85 - c. 165) Hilary Putnam, (n. 1926)R François Rabelais, (1493 - 1553) Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, (1888 - 1975) Ramanuja, (1017 - 1137) Frank P. Ramsey, (1903 - 1930) Ayn Rand, (1905 - 1982) Constantin Rădulescu-Motru, (1868 – 1957) Hans Reichenbach, (1891 - 1953) Thomas Reid, (1710 - 1796) Charles Bernard Renouvier, (1815 - 1903) Paul Ricoeur, (1913 - 2005) Richard Rorty, (1931 - 2007) Franz Rosenzweig, (1886 - 1929) William David Ross, (1877 - 1971) Jean-Jacques Rousseau, (1712 - 1778) Josiah Royce, (1865 - 1916) Bertrand Russell, (1872 - 1970) Gilbert Ryle, (1900 - 1976)S George Santayana, (1863 - 1952) Jean-Paul Sartre, (1905 - 1980) Fernando Savater, (n. 1947) Max Scheler, (1874 - 1928) Friedrich Schelling, (1775 - 1852) Friedrich Schiller, (1759 - 1805) Friedrich Schleiermacher, (1768 - 1834) Arthur Schopenhauer, (1788 - 1860) Duns Scotus, (c. 1266 - 1308) John R. Searle, (n. 1932) Wilfrid Sellars, (1912 - 1989) Seneca, (c. 4 î.Hr. - 65) Peter Sloterdijk, (n. 1947) Socrate, (470 î.Hr. - 399 î.Hr.) Vladimir Soloviov, (1853 - 1900) Herbert Spencer, (1820 - 1903) Baruch Spinoza, (1632 - 1677) Rudolf Steiner, (1861 - 1925) Max Stirner, (1806 - 1856) Francisco Suárez, (1548 - 1617)T Rabindranath Tagore, (1861 - 1941) Charles Taylor, (n. 1931) Harriet Taylor Mill, (1807 - 1858) Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, (1881 - 1955) Bernardino Telesio, (1509 - 1588) Tertulian, (c. 160 - c. 220) Thales, (c. 635 î.Hr. - 543 î.Hr.) Henry David Thoreau, (1817 - 1862) Tucidide, (c. 460 î.Hr. - c. 400 î.Hr.) Alexis de Tocqueville, (1805 - 1859) Lev Tolstoi, (1828 - 1910) Tominaga Nakamoto, (1715 - 1746) Alan Turing, (1912 - 1954) Petre Ţuţea, (1902 – 1991)U Miguel de Unamuno, (1864 - 1936)V Hans Vaihinger, (1852 - 1933) Gabriel Vazquez, (1549 - 1604) Tudor Vianu, (1897 – 1898) Giambattista Vico, (1668 - 1744) Voltaire, (1694 - 1778) Mircea Vulcănescu, (1904 – 1952)W Max Weber, (1864 - 1920) Simone Weil, (1909 - 1943) William Whewell, (1794 - 1866) Alfred North Whitehead, (1861 - 1947) Ludwig Wittgenstein, (1889 - 1951) Mary Wollstonecraft, (1759 - 1797)X Xenofan, (570 î.Hr. - 480 î.Hr.) Xenofon, (427 î.Hr. - 355 î.Hr.) Alexandru D. Xenopol, (1847 – 1920)Y Yajnavalkya, (c. 1800 î.Hr.)Z Jacopo Zabarella, (1533 - 1589) Zeno din Elea, (c. 495 î.Hr. - c. 430 î.Hr.)Filosofi occcidentali
Thales din Milet (ca. 624-546 î.Hr.). Şcoala milesiană. Credea că apa este elementul primordial al universului.
Anaximandru din Milet (c. 610-546 î.Hr.). Şcoala milesiană. Faimos pentru conceptul Apeiron.
Anaximene din Milet (c. 585-525 î.Hr.). Şcoala milesiană. Credea că aerul este elementul primordial al universului.
Pitagora din Samos (c. 580–500 î.Hr.). Şcoala pitagoreică. Credea că numărul este principiul lumii, esenţa lucrurilor.
Xenofan din Colophon (c. 570-480 î.Hr.). Uneori asociat cu şcoala eleată.
Heraclit din Efes (c. 535-475 î.Hr.). Credea că focul este principiul lumii.
Parmenide din Elea (începutul secolului V î.Hr.). Şcoala eleată.
Protagoras din Abdera (c. 481–420 î.Hr.). Sofist.
Zenon din Elea (c. 490-430 î.Hr.). Şcoala eleată. Faimos pentru „paradoxurile lui Zenon”.
Empedocle din Acragas (c. 490–430 î.Hr.). Considera că sunt patru elemente ca substanţe primordiale: focul, apa, pămîntul, aerul.
Hippias (mijlocul secolului V î.Hr.). Sofist.
Leucip din Milet (prima jumătate a secolului V î.Hr.). Atomist, Determinist.
Anaxagora din Clazomenae (c. 500–428 î.Hr.). Atomist.
Archelaus. Discipol al lui Anaxagora.
Democrit din Abdera (c. 450 î.Hr.- 370 î.Hr.). Atomist.
Socrate din Atena (ca. 470 — 399 î.Hr.). Ironia socratică.
Aristip of North Africa (c. 435-366 î.Hr.). A dezvoltat hedonismul etic.
Antisthenes of Athens (c. 444-365 î.Hr.). Fondator al cinismului. Discipolul lui Socrate.
Xenofon (c. 427-355 î.Hr.). Filosof al istoriei.
Platon (c. 427–347 î.Hr.). Faimos pentru teoria ideilor. Susţine ideea guvernării de către filosofi.
Diogene (c. approx. 399 î.Hr.-323 î.Hr.). Cinic
Euclid (c. 325–265 î.Hr.). Fondator al geometriei euclidine.
Aristotel (c. 384–322 î.Hr.). Contribuie la dezvoltarea tuturor ramurilor filosofiei, a contribuit la dezvoltarea logicii ca ştiinţă independentă.
Xenocrate (c. 396–314 î.Hr.). Discipol al lui Platon.
Pyrrho din Elis (c. 360-270 î.Hr.). Sceptic.
Epicur din Samos (c. 341- 270 î.Hr.). Atomist, ateist, hedonist.
Zenon din Citium (c. 333-264 î.Hr.). Fondator al Stoicismului. Anarhist.
Timon (c. 320-230 î.Hr.). Pyrrhonist, sceptic.
Archimede din Syracuse (c. 287–212 î.Hr.). Matematician.
Crisipus din Soli (c.280-207 î.Hr.). Figură importantă a Stoicismului.
Carneades (c. 214-129 î.Hr.). Sceptic.
Lucretius (c. 99-55 î.Hr.). Epicurean.
Isus din Nazareth (c. approx. 8-2 î.Hr./î.Hr.E– 29-36 AD/CE). Subliniază etica iubirii, a iertării, etc.
Philo (c. 20 î.Hr. - 40 AD). Susţinea o metodă alegorică în citirea textelor.
Seneca (ca. 4 î.Hr.–AD 65). Stoic.
Epictet (c.55–c.135). Stoic. Subliniază etica autodeterminării.
Marc Aureliu (121 –180). Stoic.
Sextus Empiricus (ca. 200 ). Sceptici.
Plotin (ca. 205–270 CE). Neoplatonist. Metafizică holistică
Porphyry (c.232–c. 304 AD). Discipoli al lui Plotin.
Iamblichus (ca. 245 - ca. 325). Neoplatonist.
Filozofie medievală occidentală
Sfântul Augustin (c. 354–430). Western Christian theologian. Presentist. Advocate of doctrine of original sin.
Hypatia (c. 370 - 415). Platonist. Mathematician.
Pelagius (c.354 - c.420/440). Susţine voinţaliberă şi contestă păcatul originar.
Cyril din Alexandria (376–444).
Nestorius (c.386 – c.451).
Proclus (c. 412–485). neoplatonist.
Boethius (c. 480–524). Scolastic.
Muhammad (c. 570–632). Figura majoră a filosofiei islamice.
Al-Kindi (c. 801–873CE). Figura majoră a filosofiei islamice, a fost influenţat de neoplatonism.
John the Scot (ca. 815–877). Neoplatonist, panteist.
al-Faràbi (c. 870–950 CE). Figura majoră a filosofiei islamice. Neoplatonist.
Saadia Gaon (c. 882-942).
al-Razi (c. 865 AD-925 AD). Raţionalist. Figura majoră a filosofiei islamice. A susţinut că Dumnezeu a creat universul prin reorganizarea legilor pre-existente.
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (c. 980- 1037). Figura majoră a filosofiei islamice.
Ibn Gabirol (Avicebron) (c. 1021- 1058). Filosof evreu.
Anselm de Canterbury (c. ~1034–1109). Filosof creştin. A introdus argumentul ontologic al lui Dumnezeu.
al-Ghazali (c. 1058-1111). Figura majoră a filosofiei islamice, mistic.
Peter Abelard (c. 1079 – 1142). Scolastic. Discută despre universalii.
Abraham ibn Daud (ca. 1110-1180). Filosof evreu.
Peter Lombard (c. 1100 –1160). Scolastic.
Averroes (c. 1126 – 10 decembrie 1198). Filosof islamic
Maimonides (c. 1135–1204). Filsoof evreu.
Sf Francis de Assisi (c. 1182 -1226). Ascet.
Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175 - 1253).
Albert the Great (c. 1193- 1280). Empirist.
Roger Bacon (c. 1214 – 1294). Empirist, matematician.
Toma de Aquino (c. 1221 – 1274). Filsoof creştin.
Bonaventura (c. 1225 – 1274). Franciscan.
Siger (c. 1240–1280s). Averroist.
Boetius din Dacia. Averroist, Aristotelian.
Duns Scotus (c. 1266 – 1308). Franciscan, Scolastic.
Meister Eckhart (c. 1260 – 1328). Panteist, mistic.
John Wycliffe (c.1320 -1384).
Marsilius de Padova (c. 1270 – 1342)
William Ockham (c. 1288–1348). Franciscan. Scolastic. Nominalist, a creat Briciul lui Ockham.
Gersonides (c. 1288-1344). Filosof evreu
Jean Buridan (c. 1300 - 1358). Nominalist.
Hasdai Crescas (c. 1340 - ~1411). Filosof evreu
Nicolaus Cusanus (c. 1401 - 1464). Filozof creştin.
Lorenzo Valla (c. 1406 - August 1, 1457). Umanist, critic al logicii scolastice.
Pico della Mirandola (c. 1463 – 1494). Umanist al renaşterii.
Filozofi moderni timpurii
Erasmus din Rotterdam (c. 1466 – 1536). Umanist, susţinător al voinţei libere.
Niccolo Machiavelli (c. 1469 – 1527). Pune bazele realismului politic.
Thomas More (c. 1478 – 1535). Umanist.
Petrus Ramus (c. 1515 – 1572).
Martin Luther (c. 1483 – 1546). Teolog occidental al creştinismului.
Teresa of Avila (c. 1515 - 1582). Mistic spaniol.
Michel de Montaigne (c. 1533 – 1592). Umanist, sceptic.
Giordano Bruno (c. 1548- 1600). Susţinător al heliocentrismului.
Francisco Suarez (c. 1548– 1617). Proto-liberal.
John Calvin (c. 1509 – 1564). Teolog occidental al creştinismului.
Pierre Charron (c. 1541 - 1603).
Marin Mersenne (c. 1588 – 1648). Cartezianist.
Francis Bacon (c. 1561 – 1626). Empirist.
Hugo Grotius (c. 1583 – 1645). Teoretician al legilor naturale.
Galileo Galilei (c. 1564 – 1642). Heliocentrist.
Herbert of Cherbury. Nativist.
Pierre Gassendi (c. 1592 – 1655). Mecanicistm, empiricist.
Elizabeth of Bohemia (c. 1618–1680).
Queen Kristina (c. 1626 – 1689).
Rene Descartes (c. 1596 – 1650). Heliocentrism, dualism, raţionalism.
Pierre de Fermat (c. 1601 – 1665). Teoretician al veridicităţii.
Robert Filmer (c. 1588 - 1653).
Thomas Hobbes (c. 1588– 1679).
Joseph Glanvill (c. 1636-1680).
Arnold Geulincx (c. 1624 – 1669).
Blaise Pascal (c. 1623– 1662). Fizicalist, scientist. Cunoscut pentru Pariul lui Pascal.
Henry More (c. 1614 – 1687).
Geraud Cordemoy. Dualist.
Pierre Nicole (c. 1625 - 1695).
Ralph Cudworth (c. 1617–1688). Platonist
Margaret Cavendish (c. 1623-1673). Materialist, feminist.
Antoine Arnauld (c. 1612 - 1694).
Richard Cumberland (c. 1631–1718). Utilitarism timpuriu.
Jacques Rohault.
Simon Foucher (c. 1644 - 1696). Sceptic.
Robert Boyle (c. 1627 - 1691).
Nicolas Malebranche (c. 1638 – 1715). Cartezianist.
Samuel von Pufendorf (c. 1632 - 1694). Teoretician al contractului social.
Baruch Spinoza (c. 1632 – 1677).
Isaac Newton (c. 1643 – 1727).
Anne Conway (c. 1631–1679).
Pierre Régis.
John Locke (c. 1632 – 1704). Figură majoră a empirismului.
Damaris Masham.
John Toland (c. 1670 - 1722).
Pierre Bayle (c. 1647 – 1706)
Madeline de Souvré.
Samuel Clarke (c. 1675 - 1729).
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury (c. 1671 – 1713).
John Norris (c. 1657 - 1711). Malebranchian.
Gottfried Leibniz (c. 1646 – 1716).
George Berkeley (c. 1685 – 1753). Idealist, empirist.
Catherine Cockburn (c. 1679-1749).
Giambattista Vico (c. 1668–1744).
Bernard Mandeville (c. 1670- 1733).
Francis Hutcheson (c. 1694– 1746). Proto-utilitarian.
Joseph Butler (c. 1692– 1752).
Christian Wolff (c. 1679 - 1754). Determinist, raţionalist.
John Gay (philosopher).
David Hume (c. 1711 – 1776). Empirist, sceptic.
Julien La Mettrie (c. 1709 - 1751). Materialist, genetic determinist.
David Hartley (c. 1705 - 1757).
Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (c. 1689 – 1755). Sceptic, Umanist.
Etienne de Condillac.
Richard Price (c. 1723 – 1791). Liberal politic.
Jean d'Alembert (c. 1717 – 1783).
Voltaire (c. 1694 – 1778).
Denis Diderot (c. 1713 – 1784).
John Wesley (c. 1703– 1791).
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (c. 1712 – 1778).
Baron d'Holbach (c. 1723 - 1789). Materialist, ateist.
Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715– 1771). Utilitarian.
Adam Smith (c. 1723 – 1790). Teoretician al economiei, membru al Iluminismul scoţian.
Thomas Jefferson (c. 1743 – 1826). Filosof al liberealismului politic.
Thomas Reid (c. 1710 – 1796). Membru al Iluminismului scoţian.
G.E. Lessing (c. 1729 – 1781).
Edmund Burke (c. 1729 – 1797). Filosof al conservatorismului politic.
Immanuel Kant (c. 1724 – 1804),. Deontologist, a cercetat judecăţile sintetice apriori.
Mary Wollstonecraft (c. 1759 - 1797). Feminist.
Jeremy Bentham (c. 1748 – 1832). Utilitarian, hedonist.
Moses Mendelssohn (c. 1729– 1786). Membru al Iluminsimului evreiesc.
Dugald Stewart (c. 1753 - 1828).
William Godwin (c. 1756 – 1836). Anarhist, utilitarianist.
Friedrich Schiller (c. 1759 – 1805).
William Paley (c. 1743 – 1805).
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (c. 1762 – 1814).
Filozofi moderni
Madame de Staël (c. 1766 – 1817).
F.W.J. von Schelling (c. 1775 – 1854). Idealist.
Friedrich Schleiermacher (c. 1768 – 1834). Hermeneutician.
P.S. de Laplace (c. 1749– 1827). Determinist.
G.W.F. Hegel (c. 1770 – 1831). Idealist.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (c. 1744 – 1829) Teoretician timpuriu al evoluţionismului.
Comte de Saint-Simon (c. 1760 – 1825). Socialist.
Arthur Schopenhauer (c. 1788 – 1860). Pesimist.
Richard Whately (c. 1787 - 1863).
Charles Babbage (c. 1791 – 1871).
John Austin (c. 1790 - 1859). Pozitivist, utilitarianism.
Auguste Comte (c. 1798 - 1857). Filozof social, pozitivist.
William Whewell (c. 1794 – 1866).
James Mill (c. 1773 - 1836). Utilitarianism.
P.J. Proudhon (c. 1809 – 1865). Anarhist.
Bernard Bolzano (c. 1781 – 1848).
Ralph Waldo Emerson (c. 1803 – 1882). Aboliţionist, egalitarian, umanist.
Ludwig Feuerbach (c. 1804 – 1872).
Augustus De Morgan (c. 1806 – 1871). Logician.
Margaret Fuller (c. 1810 - 1850). Egalitarian.
Soren Kierkegaard (c. 1813 – 1855). Existenţialist.
Henry David Thoreau (c. 1817 – 1862). Pacifist.
Sojourner Truth (c. 1797–1883). Egalitarian.
Karl Marx (c. 1818 – 1883). Socialist, a formulat materialismul dialectic.
Harriet Taylor Mill (c. 1807 – 1858). Egalitarian, utilitarianism.
Friedrich Engels (c. 1820– 1895). Egalitarian, materialist dialectic.
Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet (c. 1788 – 1856).
J. S. Mill (c. 1806 – 1873). Utilitarianism.
Rudolf Lotze.
Herbert Spencer (c. 1820 – 1903). Libertarianism, Darwinism.
John Venn (c. 1834 – 1923).
Susan B. Anthony (c. 1820 – 1906). Feminist.
Mikhail Bakunin (c. 1814– 1876). Anarhist.
Franz Brentano (c. 1838 - 1917). Fenomenologist.
Henry Sidgwick (c. 1838– 1900). Raţionalism, utilitarianism.
Richard Dedekind (c. 1831 – 1916).
W. K. Clifford (c. 1845 - 1879). Evidenţialist.
Charles Peirce (c. 1839 – 1914). Pragmatist.
Edward Caird (c. 1835 – 1908). Idealist.
Ernst Mach (c. 1838 – 1916). Filozof al ştiinţei, influenţă asupra pozitivismului logic.
T.H. Green (c. 1836 - 1882). Idealist.
Gottlob Frege (c. 1848 – 1925). Important analytic philosopher.
Wilhelm Dilthey (c. 1833– 1911). Filosof naturalist, influenţă asupra Existenţialismului.
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) (c. 1832– 1898).
Bernard Bosanquet (c. 1848– 1923). Idealist.
Giuseppe Peano (c. 1858 – 1932).
Elizabeth Stanton (c. 1815 – 1902). Egalitarian.
David George Ritchie (c. 1853–1903). Idealist.
Émile Durkheim (c. 1858–1917). Filozof social.
William James (c. 1842 – 1910). Pragmatist.
Josiah Royce (c. 1855 – 1916). Idealist.
F.H. Bradley (c. 1846 – 1924) . Idealist.
Vilfredo Pareto (c. 1848 - 1923). Filozof social.
Thorstein Veblen (c. 1857 – 1929). Filozof social.
Sigmund Freud (c. 1856 – 1939). creatorul psihogenezei filosof al minţii.
Max Weber (c. 1864- 1920). Filosof social.
Henri Bergson (c. 1859 – 1941).
John Dewey (c. 1859 – 1952). Pragmatist.
Alexius Meinong (c. 1853 - 1920). Realist logic.
Cook Wilson.
Henri Poincaré (c. 1854 – 1912). Intuiţionist. Filozof al duratei.
Pierre Duhem (c. 1861 – 1916).
Edmund Husserl (c. 1859– 1938). Fondatorul fenomenologiei.
Jane Addams (c. 1860 – 1935). Pragmatist.
Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison (c. 1856–1931).
G.E. Moore (c. 1873 – 1958).
Benedetto Croce (c. 1866 - 1952).
Carl Gustav Jung (c. 1875 – 1961). A fondat psihologia analitică.
Emma Goldman (c. 1869 – 1940). Anarcist.
Hans Vaihinger (c. 1852 – 1933). Specialist în contrafactual.
Rosa Luxemburg (c. 1870 - 1919). Filosof marxist al politicii.
Miguel de Unamuno (c. 1864– 1936).
Ferdinand de Saussure (c. 1857 - 1913). Structuralist Figură importantă a
A
* Pietro d'Abano, (1250?-1316)
* Firmin Abauzit, (1679-1767)
* Nicola Abbagnano, (1901-1990)
* Muhammad Abduh, (1849-1905)R
* Jacob Friedrich von Abel, (1751-1829)
* Pierre Abélard (or Peter Abelard), (1079-1142)CORS
* John Abercrombie (physician), (1780-1844)
* Abhinavagupta (fl. c. 975 - 1025)R
* Johann Heinrich Abicht, (1762-1816)
* Abner of Burgos S*
* Isaac ben Judah Abravanel, (1437-1508)CRS
* Judah ben Isaac Abravanel, (1460?-1535?)CR
* Alessandro Achillini, (1463-1512)
* Uriel Acosta, (1585-1640)
* H. B. Acton, (1908-1974)
* Marilyn McCord Adams, (born 1943)O
* Robert Adams, (born 1937)O
* Robert Adamson, (1852-1902)
* Adelard of Bath, (12th century)C
* Mortimer Adler, (1902-2001)
* Theodor Adorno, (1903-1969)CORS
* Aedesius, (d. 355)
* Aenesidemus, (1st century BC)R
* Sediq Afghan
* Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, (1839-1897)R
* Giorgio Agamben
* Rodolphus Agricola, (1443-1485)R
* Agrippa the Sceptic, (1st/2nd century)R
* Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, (1436-1535)RS*
* Pierre d'Ailly, (1350-1420)CR
* Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, (1890-1963)OR
* Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov, (1817-1860)
* Alain de Lille, (c. 1128-1202)
* Albert of Saxony (c. 1316-1390)CRS
* Leone Battista Alberti, (1404-1472)
* Albertus Magnus (or Saint Albert the Great or Albert of Cologne), (1193?-1280)CORS*
* Albinus (c. 130)
* Joseph Albo, (1380-1444)ORS*
* Rogers Albritton
* Alcibiades, (c. 450-404 BC)
* Alcinous, (2nd century)R
* Alcmaeon of Croton, (5th century BC)ORS
* Virgil Aldrich, (1903-1998)O
* Yohanan ben Isaac Alemanno, (1433-1504)R
* Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, (1912-1999)
* Alexander of Aphrodisias, (2nd century)CRS
* Alexander of Hales, (d. 1245)CR
* Gerda Alexander (1908–1994)
* Samuel Alexander, (1859-1938)COR
* Robert Alexy, (born 1945)
* Francesco Algarotti, (1712-1764)
* Dante Alighieri, (1265-1321)ORS
* Archibald Alison, (1757-1839)R
* Henry_Allison (philosopher)
* William Alston, (born 1921)CO
* Louis Althusser, (1918-1990)COR
* Robert Alyngton, (d. 1398)S
* Bhimrao Ambedkar, (1891-1956)R
* Ambrose, (c. 340-397)C
* Henri-Frédéric Amiel, (1821-1881)
* Abu'l Hasan Muhammad Ibn Yusuf al-'Amiri, (d. 992)R
* Ammonius Hermiae, (5th century)RS
* Ammonius Saccas, (3rd century)C
* Anton Wilhelm Amo, (1703-c. 1759)R
* Anacharsis, (6th century BC)
* Anandavardhana, (820-890)
* Anaxagoras, (died 462 BC)CORS*
* Anaxarchus, (fl. 340 BC)R
* Anaxilaus, (1st century BC)
* Anaximander, (c. 610 BC-c. 546 BC)COR
* Anaximenes of MiletusCOR
* Alan Ross Anderson, (1925-1973)O
* John Anderson, (1893-1962)OR
* Andronicus of Rhodes, (c. 70 BC)C
* Anniceris, (fl. 300 BC)C
* G. E. M. Anscombe, (1918-2001)COR
* Anselm, (1034-1109)CORS
* Antiochus of Ascalon, (c. 130-68 BC)CORS
* Antiphon, (480-403 BC)R
* Antisthenes, (c. 444-365)OR
* Karl-Otto Apel
* Apollonius of Tyana, (2-98)
* Anthony Appiah
* Apuleius, (c. 123-c. 180)R
* Thomas Aquinas, (1225-1274)CORS
* Isaac ben Moses Arama, (1420-1494)R
* Arcesilaus, (316-241 BC)CORS
* Archimedes, (d. 212 BC)
* Archytas, (428-347 BC)CRS
* Roberto Ardigò, (1828-1920)
* Hannah Arendt, (1906-1975)CORS*
* Aristides, (fl. 2nd century)
* Aristippus the Elder of Cyrene, (c. 435-366 BC)OR
* Aristo of Chios, (fl. 250 BC)R
* Aristotle, (384 BC-322 BC)CORS*
* Aristoxenus, (4th century BC)
* Arius, (256-336)
* Jacobus Arminius, (1560-1609)C
* David Malet Armstrong, (born 1926)COR
* Antoine Arnauld, (1612-1694)CORS*
* Raymond Aron, (1905-1983)
* Kenneth Arrow, (born 1921)O
* Asclepiades
* Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus, (1894-1975)R
* Aspasius, (c. 100-150)
* Georg Anton Friedrich Ast, (1778-1841)
* Mary Astell, (1666-1731)CRS
* Athanasius of Alexandria, (298-373)C
* Titus Pomponius Atticus, (110-32 BC)
* Robert Audi
* Augustine of Hippo, (354-430)CORS
* Marcus Aurelius, (121-180)COR
* Peter Aureol, (c. 1280-1322)RS
* Sri Aurobindo, (1872-1950)OR
* John Austin, (1790-1859)CORS
* John Langshaw Austin, (1911-1960)COR
* Richard Avenarius, (1843-1896)COR
* Averroes (or Ibn Rushd), (1126-1198)CORS*
* Avicenna (or Ibn Sina), (980-1037)COR
* Alfred Jules Ayer, (1910-1989)CORS
* Pierre Hyacinthe Azais, (1766-1845)
[edit] B
* Franz Xaver von Baader, (1765-1841)
* Charles Babbage, (1791-1871)C
* Gaston Bachelard, (1884-1962)COR
* Francis Bacon, (1561-1626)CORS
* Roger Bacon, (1214-1294)CORS*
* Alain Badiou, (born 1937)
* Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi, (1080-1165)R
* Annette Baier, (born 1929)O
* Kurt Baier, (born 1917)O
* Alexander Bain, (1818-1903)CO
* Archie J. Bahm, (1907-1996)
* Yaruch Bann, (born 1931)
* Mikhail Bakhtin, (1895-1975)COR
* Mikhail Bakunin, (1814-1876)COR
* James Mark Baldwin, (1861-1934)
* John Balguy, (1686-1748)
* Étienne Balibar
* Pierre-Simon Ballanche, (1776-1847)
* Domingo Báñez, (1528-1604)CR
* Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi, (1070-1136)R
* Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, (1915-1975)
* Christoph Gottfried Bardili, (1761-1808)
* Stephen Barker
* Jonathan Barnes, (born 1942)O
* Brian Barry, (born 1936)O
* Karl Barth, (1886-1968)OR
* Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, (1805-1895)
* Roland Barthes, (1915-1980)CR
* Bartolus de Saxoferrato, (1313-1357)R
* Jon Barwise, (1942-2000)
* Jacques Barzun, (born 1907)
* Basilides, (c. 117-138)C
* Sebastiano Basso, (16th century)
* Georges Bataille, (1897-1962)CR
* Jean Baudrillard, (1929-2007) RS
* Bruno Bauer, (1809-1882)ORS
* David Baumgardt, (1890-1963)R
* Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, (1714-1762)CR
* Pierre Bayle, (1647-1706)CORS
* Monroe Beardsley, (1915-1985)
* James Beattie, (1735-1803)CR
* Jean Beaufret, (1907-1982)
* Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria, (1738-1794)C
* Jacob Sigismund Beck, (1761-1840)R
* William Bechtel
* Oskar Becker
* Hamdija Begovic
* Vissarion Belinsky, (1811-1848)R
* Nuel Belnap, (born 1930)O
* Paul Benacerraf
* Julien Benda, (1867-1956)
* Friedrich Eduard Beneke, (1798-1854)C
* Walter Benjamin, (1892-1940)OR
* Jonathan Bennett, (born 1930)O
* Geoffrey Bennington
* Jeremy Bentham, (1748-1832)COR
* Richard Bentley, (1662-1742)R
* Nikolai Berdyaev, (1874-1948)COR
* Gustav Bergmann, (1906-1987)CO
* Henri Bergson, (1859-1941)CORS
* George Berkeley, (1685-1753)CORS
* Isaiah Berlin, (1909-1997)CORS
* Bernard of Chartres, (d. 1130)C
* Bernard of Clairvaux, (1090-1153)CR
* Bernard Silvestris (or Bernard of Tours), (1147-1178)R
* François Bernier, (1620-1688)R
* Eduard Bernstein, (1850-1932)R
* Basil Bessarion S*
* Homi Bhabha, (born 1949)
* Bhartrhari, (5th century)R
* Roy Bhaskar, (born 1944)
* Gabriel Biel, (1425-1495)R
* Hugh Binning, (1627-1653)
* Harry Binswanger, (born 1944)
* Nathan Birnbaum, (1864-1937)
* Max Black, (1909-1988)O
* Simon Blackburn, (born 1944)O
* William Blackstone, (1723-1780)R
* Hugh Blair, (1718-1800)R
* Maurice Blanchot, (1907-2003)R
* Brand Blanshard, (1892-1987)O
* Blasius of Parma (or Biagio Pelacani da Parma), (1345-1416)R
* David Blitz, (born 1949)
* Ernst Bloch, (1885-1977)COR
* Ned Block, (born 1942)O
* Maurice Blondel, (1861-1949)C
* Benjamin Paul Blood, (1832-1919)
* Allan Bloom, (1930-1992)
* Blossius, (2nd century BC)
* Hermann Blumenau, (1819-1899)
* Norberto Bobbio, (1909-2004)OR
* Jozef Maria Bochenski, (1902-1995)
* Jean Bodin, (1530-1596)CORS
* Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, (AD 480-524 or 525)CORS
* Boetius of Dacia, (c. 1240-c. 1280)R
* Alexander Bogdanov, (1873-1928)OR
* Jakob Böhme, (1575-1624)CR
* Niels Bohr, (1885-1962)OR
* Samuel Bold, (1649-1737)R
* Ludwig Boltzmann, (1844-1906)CO
* Bernard Bolzano, (1781-1848)CORS*
* Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald, (1754-1840)
* Bonaventure, (1221-1274)CORS
* Dietrich Bonhoeffer, (1906-1945)R
* Laurence BonJour
* Charles Bonnet, (1720-1793)R
* John Elof Boodin, (1869-1950)
* George Boole, (1815-1864)ORS*
* George Boolos, (1940-1996)
* Bernard Bosanquet, (1848-1923)CORS
* Rudjer Boscovich, (1711-1787)C
* Pierre Bourdieu, (1930-2002)R
* Emile Boutroux, (1845-1921)R
* Oets Kolk Bouwsma, (1898-1978)C
* Borden Parker Bowne, (1847-1910)R
* Robert Boyle, (1627-1691)CORS
* F. H. Bradley, (1846-1924)CORS
* Thomas Bradwardine, (c. 1290-1349)R
* Richard-Bevan Braithwaite, (1900-1990)O
* Robert Brandom
* Richard B. Brandt, (1910-1997)CO
* Franz Brentano, (1838-1917)CORS
* Percy Williams Bridgman, (1882-1961)OR
* Edgar S. Brightman, (1884-1953)O
* Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, (1755-1826)O
* Richard Brinkley, (fl. 1350-1373)R
* Radulphus Brito, (c. 1270-c. 1320)R
* C. D. Broad, (1887-1971)COR
* Stephen Bronner, (born 1949)
* Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, (1881-1966)COS
* Thomas Brown, (1778-1820)R
* Bryn Browne
* Peter Browne, (1666-1735)R
* Thomas Browne, (1605-1682)
* Orestes Brownson, (1803-1876)O
* Constantin Brunner, (1862-1937)
* Emil Brunner, (1889-1966)R
* Giordano Bruno, (1548-1600)CORS*
* Leon Brunschvicg, (1869–1944)COR
* James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce, (1838-1922)R
* Martin Buber, (1878-1965)CORS
* Justus Buchler, (1914-1991)O
* Ludwig Büchner, (1824-1899)R
* Malcolm Budd, (born 1941)O
* Buddhaghosa, (5th century)C
* Claude Buffier, (1661-1737)R
* Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, (1707-1788)R
* Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov, (1871-1944)R
* Rudolf Bultmann, (1884-1976)OR
* Mario Bunge, (born 1919)
* Jacob Burckhardt, (1818-1897)O
* Tyler Burge, (born 1946)O
* Jean Buridan, (1300-1358)CORS
* Edmund Burke, (1729-1797)CORS
* Walter Burley, (c. 1275-c. 1345)CRS
* John Burnheim
* Myles Frederic Burnyeat, (born 1939)O
* Richard Burthogge, (1638-1704)R
* Panayot Butchvarov, (born 1933)
* Joseph Butler, (1692-1752)COR
* Judith Butler, (born 1956)
* Samuel Butler, (1835-1902)O
[edit] C
* Pierre Jean George Cabanis, (1757-1808)R
* Amílcar Cabral, (1924-1973)R
* Cai Yuanpei, (1868-1940)
* Edward Caird, (1835-1908)C
* Thomas Cajetan, (1469-1534)COR
* Calcidius, (4th century)R
* Mary Whiton Calkins, (1863-1930)
* Callicles, (late 5th century BC)RS
* John Calvin, (1509-1564)CR
* Tommaso Campanella, (1568-1639)CORS
* George Campbell, (1719-1796)R
* John Campbell
* Norman Robert Campbell, (1880-1949)CR
* Albert Camus, (1913-1960)COR
* Georges Canguilhem, (1904-1995)C
* Georg Cantor, (1845-1918)COR
* Johannes Capreolus, (1380-1444)R
* John D. Caputo, (born 1940)
* Gerolamo Cardano, (1501-1576)R
* Thomas Carlyle, (1795-1881)CR
* Gershom Carmichael, (c. 1672-1729)R
* Rudolf Carnap, (1891-1970)CORS*
* Carneades, (c. 214-129 BC)ORS
* Lewis Carroll, (1832-1898)COR
* Nancy Cartwright (born 1943)O
* Paul Carus, (1852-1919)
* Ernst Cassirer, (1874-1945)CORS
* Hector-Neri Castañeda, (1924-1991)C
* Cornelius Castoriadis, (1922-1997)
* Carlo Cattaneo, (1801-1869)R
* Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti (died c. 1280)
* Stanley Cavell, (born 1926)COR
* Margaret Cavendish, (1623-1673)CR
* Cebes
* Celsus of Alexandria, (2nd century)CR
* Michel de Certeau, (1925-1986)R
* Andrea Cesalpino, (1519-1603)
* Petr Iakovlevich Chaadev, (1794-1856)R
* Chaerephon
* David Chalmers, (born 1966)
* Heinrich Moritz Chalybäus, (1796-1862)
* Timothy Chambers
* Rafe Champion
* Chanakya (or Kautilya) (321-296 BC)R
* Candrakirti
* Chang Hsueh-ch'eng (or Zhang Xuecheng), (1738-1801)C
* Chang Tsai (or Zhang Zai), (1020-1077)R
* Walter Charleton, (1619-1707)R
* Pierre Charron, (1541-1603)CR
* Emile Auguste Chartier, (1868-1951)
* Walter Chatton, (1290-1343)RS*
* Haridas Chaudhuri, (1913-1975)
* Ch'en Hsien-chang, (1428-1500)C
* Cheng Hao (or Ch'eng Ming-Tao), (1032-1085)CR
* Cheng Hsuan (or Zheng Xuan), (127-200)R
* Cheng Yi (or Ch'eng Yi Chu'an), (1033-1107)CR
* Nikolai Chernyshevsky, (1828-1889)R
* Chia Yi (or Jia Yi or Chia I), (201-169 BC)CR
* Chiao Hung, (1540-1620)C
* Ch'ien Mu, (1895-1990)C
* Chih Tun (or Zhi Dun) (314-366)R
* William Chillingworth, (1602-1644)R
* Roderick Chisholm, (1916-1999)COR
* Noam Chomsky, (born 1928)COR
* Tasan Chông Yagyong, (1762-1836)R
* Chou Tun-Yi (or Zhou Dunyi or Chou Lien-Hsi or Zhou Lianxi), (1017-1073)CR
* Christine de Pizan, (c. 1365-c. 1430)R
* Andrea Christofidou
* Chrysanthius, (4th century)
* Chrysippus, (279-207 BC)OR
* Manuel Chrysoloras, (c. 1355-1415)
* Alonzo Church, (1903-1995)COR
* Patricia Churchland, (born 1943)C
* Paul Churchland, (born 1942)CO
* Leon Chwistek, (1884-1944)
* Cicero, (106 BC-43 BC)COR
* August Cieszkowski, (1814-1894)R
* Hélène Cixous, (born 1937)R
* Clarembald of Arras, (1110-1187)R
* Andy Clark
* Samuel Clarke, (1675-1729)CORS
* Johannes Clauberg, (1622-1665)R
* Cleanthes, (301-232 BC)R
* Clement of Alexandria, (2nd-3rd century)CR
* Cleobulus
* Cleomedes, (2nd century)R
* William Kingdon Clifford, (1845-1879)CO
* Clitomachus, (187-109 BC)
* Catherine Trotter Cockburn, (1679-1749)CRS
* David Cockburn
* G.A. Cohen, (born 1941)O
* Hermann Cohen, (1842-1918)CORS*
* L. Jonathan Cohen, (born 1923)O
* Samuel Taylor Coleridge, (1772-1834)OR
* Lucio Colletti, (1924-2001)O
* Arthur Collier, (1680-1732)CR
* R. G. Collingwood, (1889-1943)CORS
* Anthony Collins, (1676-1729)ORS
* John Comenius, (1592-1670)OR
* Auguste Comte, (1798-1857)COR
* André Comte-Sponville, (born 1952)
* Marcel Conche
* Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, (1715-1780)CORS
* Marquis de Condorcet, (1743-1794)CR
* Confucius, (551 BC - 479 BC)CORS
* Benjamin Constant, (1767-1830)COR
* Lady Anne Finch Conway, (1631-1679)CORS
* Josephus Flavius Cook, (1838-1901)
* Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy, (1877-1947)
* Nicolaus Copernicus, (1473-1543)ORS
* Frederick Copleston, (1907-1994)
* Geraud de Cordemoy, (1626-1684)CRS
* Hans Cornelius, (1863-1947)
* Antoine Augustin Cournot, (1801-1877)CR
* Victor Cousin, (1792-1867)CR
* Louis Couturat, (1868-1914)CO
* Chris Cowan
* William Lane Craig, (born 1949)
* Johann Ulrich von Cramer, (1706-1772)
* Crantor, (4th century BC)
* Crates of Thebes, (4th century BC)
* William Crathorn, (14th century)RS
* Cratylus of Athens, (c. 400 BC)OR
* James Edwin Creighton, (1861-1924)
* Johannes Crellius, (1590-1633)
* Hasdai Crescas, (c. 1340-1410)CORS*
* Benedetto Croce, (1866-1952)COR
* Jean-Pierre de Crousaz, (1663-1750)
* Christian August Crusius, (1715-1775)CR
* Ralph Cudworth, (1617-1688)OR
* Nathaniel Culverwel, (1619-1651)R
* Richard Cumberland, (1631?-1718)CR
* Cyril of Alexandria, (376-444)
* Tadeusz Czezowski, (1889-1981)
* Heinrich Czolbe, (1819-1873)C
D
* Jean le Rond d'Alembert, (1717-1783)COR
* Damascius, (c. 462-540)CR
* Pietro Damiani, (c. 1007-1072)RS
* Nikolay Danilevsky (1822-1885)
* Arthur Danto, (born 1924)CO
* Charles Darwin, (1809-1882)R
* David of Dinant, (12th century)R
* David the Invincible, (late 6th century)S
* Donald Davidson, (1917-2003)CORS
* Michael Davis
* Jalal al-Din al-Dawani, (1426-1502)R
* Simone de Beauvoir, (1908-1986)ORS
* Bruno de Finetti, (1906-1985)O
* Joseph de Maistre, (1753-1821)CO
* Paul de Man, (1919-1983)R
* Augustus De Morgan, (1806-1871)COR
* Francesco De Sanctis, (1817-1883)
* Emerich de Vattel, (1714-1767)
* Guy Debord, (1931-1994)
* Richard Dedekind, (1831-1916)COR
* Gilles Deleuze, (1925-1995)ORS*
* Galvano Della Volpe, (1895-1968)
* Elijah Delmedigo, (1460-1497)RS
* Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, (1484-1558)
* Demetrius the Cynic
* Democritus, (460-370 BC)CORS
* Daniel Dennett, (born 1942)COR
* Denys the Carthusian (or Denys de Leeuwis), (1402-1471)R
* Jacques Derrida, (1930-2004)CORS*
* John Theophilus Desaguliers, (1683-1744)
* René Descartes, (1596-1650)COR
* Vincent Descombes, (1948-present)
* Robert Desgabets, (1610-1678)RS
* Paul Deussen, (1845-1919)
* John Dewey, (1859-1952)COR
* Dharmakirti, (c. 7th century)CR
* Diagoras
* Sousa Dias, (born 1956)
* Albert Venn Dicey, (1835-1922)R
* Denis Diderot, (1713-1784)COR
* Dietrich of Freiberg, (13th century)RS
* Kenelm Digby, (1603-1665)R
* Dignaga, (c. 480-c. 540)R
* Wilhelm Dilthey, (1833-1911)COR
* Hugo Dingler, (1881-1954)
* Diodorus Cronos, (3rd century BC)RS
* Diogenes Laertius, (3rd century)OR
* Diogenes Apolloniates, (c. 460 BC)R
* Diogenes of Oenoanda, (2nd Century)R
* Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope, (412-323 BC)OR
* Humphry Ditton, (1675-1715)
* Dogen Zenji (or Dōgen Kigen), (1200-1253)OR
* Daniel Dombrowski (1953-present)
* Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu), (c. 176-c. 104)CR
* Keith Donnellan
* Herman Dooyeweerd, (1894-1977)R
* Elliot N. Dorff
* Fyodor Dostoevsky, (1821-1881)R
* Fred Dretske, (born 1932)CO
* Hubert Dreyfus
* Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch
* Emil du Bois-Reymond, (1818-1896)R
* Émilie du Châtelet, (1706-1749)R
* Guillaume du Vair, (1556-1621)C
* Curt Ducasse, (1881-1969)COR
* Pierre Duhem, (1861-1916)COR
* Eugen Dühring, (1833-1921)OR
* Michael Dummett, (born 1925)COR
* Duns Scotus, (c. 1266-1308)CORS
* Profiat Duran (or Efodi or Isaac ben Moses Levi) (c. 1349-c. 1414)R
* Simeon ben Zemah Duran (or Rashbaz), (1361-1444)R
* Durandus of St. Pourçain, (c. 1275-1334)R
* Émile Durkheim, (1858-1917)OR
* Ronald Dworkin, (born 1931)COR
* Miroslaw Dzielski, (1941-1989)
[edit] E
* William A. Earle, (1919-1988)
* Julius Ebbinghaus, (1885-1981)
* Johann Augustus Eberhard, (1739-1809)R
* Meister Eckhart, (1260-1327/8)CRS
* Umberto Eco, (born 1932)C
* Dorothy Edgington
* James M. Edie, (1927-1998)
* Jonathan Edwards, (1703-1758)CORS
* Paul Edwards, (1923-2004)O
* Christian von Ehrenfels, (1856-1932)
* Albert Einstein, (1879-1955)COR
* Mircea Eliade, (1907-1986)R
* Elias S
* George Eliot, (1819-1880)R
* Elisabeth of Bohemia, (1618-1680)CR
* Jacques Ellul, (1912-1994)
* Jon Elster, (born 1940)O
* Ralph Waldo Emerson, (1803-1882)CORS
* Empedocles, (490 BC-430 BC)CORS
* Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)COR
* Epicharmus, (c. 540-450 BC)R
* Epictetus, (AD 55-circa 135)ORS*
* Epicurus, (341 BC-270 BC)ORS
* Epimenides, (6th century BC)
* Desiderius Erasmus, (1466-1536)COR
* Johannes Scotus Eriugena, (c. 800-c. 880)CORS
* Eubulides of Miletus, (4th century BC)
* Rudolf Christoph Eucken, (1846-1926)
* Euclid of Alexandria, (c. 365-275 BC)
* Euclid of Megara, (c. 400 BC)
* Eudoxus of Cnidus, (410 or 408 BC - 355 or 347 BC)CR
* Eusebius of Caesarea, (264-339)R
* Gareth Evans, (1946-1980)OR
* Stanley Eveling
* Julius Evola, (1898-1974)
[edit] F
* Emil Fackenheim, (1916-2003)RS*
* Thome H. Fang, (1899-1976)C
* Frantz Fanon, (1925-1961)OR
* Al-Farabi, (870–950)COR
* Michelangelo Fardella, (1646-1718)R
* Austin Marsden Farrer, (1904-1968)R
* Favorinus, (c. 80-c. 150)
* Fazang (or Fa-Tsang), (643-712)R
* Gustav Fechner, (1801-1887)CR
* Herbert Feigl, (1902-1988)
* Joel Feinberg, (1926-2004)O
* François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, (1651-1715)R
* Feng Youlan, (1895-1990)C
* Ernest Fenollosa, (1853-1908)
* Adam Ferguson, (1723-1816)COR
* Giuseppe Ferrari, (1812-1876)
* Jose Ferrater-Mora, (1912-1991)O
* James Frederick Ferrier, (1808-1864)R
* Ludwig Feuerbach, (1804-1872)CORS
* Paul Feyerabend, (1924-1994)ORS
* Johann Gottlieb Fichte, (1762-1814)CORS
* Immanuel Hermann Fichte, (1797-1879)
* Marsilio Ficino, (1433-1499)CORS*
* Hartry Field, (born 1946)O
* Robert Filmer, (1588-1653)COR
* Kit Fine
* John Finnis, (born 1940)O
* Kuno Fischer, (1824-1907)
* John Fiske, (1842-1901)
* Franciszek Fiszer, (1860-1937)
* Antony Flew, (born 1923)
* Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii, (1882-1937)R
* Luciano Floridi, (born 1964)
* Georges Florovsky, (1893-1979)
* Robert Fludd, (1574-1637)CR
* Vilém Flusser, (1920-1991)
* Jerry Fodor, (born 1935)COR
* Robert J. Fogelin, (born 1932)O
* Dagfinn Føllesdal, (born 1932)O
* Pedro da Fonseca, (1528-1599)CR
* Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, (1657-1757)CR
* Philippa Foot, (born 1920)CO
* David Fordyce, (1711-1751)C
* Eckart Forster
* Michel Foucault, (1926-1984)CORS
* Simon Foucher, (1644-1696)R
* Charles Fourier, (1772-1837)C
* Francis of Assisi, (1181-1226)
* Francis of Marchia, (ca. 1290- ca. 1344)S
* Francis of Meyronnes, (1285-1328)R
* Jerome Frank, (1889-1957)R
* Philipp Frank
* Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877-1950)R
* William K. Frankena, (1908-1994)CO
* Harry Gordon Frankfurt, (born 1929)O
* Benjamin Franklin, (1706-1790)OR
* Oliver Shewell Franks, (1905-1992)
* Michael Frede, (1940-2007)O
* Gottlob Frege, (1848-1925)CORS
* Hans Frei, (1922-1988)R
* Jakob Friedrich Fries, (1773-1843)R
* Sigmund Freud, (1856-1939)COR
* Hans Freyer, (1887-1969)
* Northrop Frye, (1912-1991)
* Fujiwara Seika, (1561-1619)R
* Lon L. Fuller, (1902-1978)R
* Casey Fulton
* Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov, (1828-1906)R
[edit] G
* Gadadhara Bhattacharya, (1604-1709)R
* Hans-Georg Gadamer, (1900-2002)CORS
* Gaius, (110-180)R
* Galen, (131-201)COR
* Galileo Galilei, (1564-1642)CORS
* Mahatma Gandhi, (1869-1948)COR
* Gangeśa, (fl. c. 1325)R
* Martin Gardner, (born 1914)
* Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange, (1887-1964)R
* Pierre Gassendi, (1592-1655)CORS
* Aksapada Gautama, (c. 2nd century BC)R
* Nārāyana Guru(1856-1928)
* Siddhartha Gautama (or Buddha), (ca. 563-483 BC)CR
* David Gauthier, (born 1932)O
* John Gay, (1685-1732)C
* Peter Geach, (born 1919)CO
* Ernest Gellner (1925-1995)
* Geminus, (c. 110-c. 40 BC)
* Gennadius Scholarius, (died c. 1473)
* Giovanni Gentile, (1875-1944)COR
* Gerhard Gentzen, (1909-1945)OR
* George of Trebizond, (1395-1484)R
* Gerard of Cremona, (1114-1187)R
* Gerard of Odo (or Gerald Odonis), (1290-1349)R
* Alexander Gerard, (1728-1795)R
* Gerbert of Aurillac (or Pope Silvester II) (c. 950-1003)R
* Giacinto Cardinal Sigismondo Gerdil, (1718-1802)R
* Jean Gerson, (1363-1429)CR
* Gersonides (or Levi ben Gershon), (1288-1344)CRS
* Bernard Gert, (born 1934)
* Edmund Gettier, (born 1927)O
* Arnold Geulincx, (1624-1669)COR
* Raymond Geuss
* Alan Gewirth, (1912-2004)O
* Al-Ghazali, (1058-1111)COR
* Allan Gibbard, (born 1942)O
* Otto von Gierke
* Bishop Gilbert of Poitiers, (1070-1154)R
* Giles of Rome, (c. 1243-1316)CORS
* Neil Gillman
* Charlotte Perkins Gilman, (1860-1935)
* Étienne Gilson, (1884-1978)CO
* Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am), (1856-1927)R
* Vincenzo Gioberti, (1801-1852)CR
* Rene Girard, (born 1923)
* Thomas Gisbourne, (1758-1846)
* Joseph Glanvill, (1636-1680)CR
* Ernst von Glasersfeld
* Jonathan Glover, (born 1941)O
* Clark Glymour
* Arthur de Gobineau, (1816-1882}
* Rudolph Goclenius, (1547-1628)C
* Kurt Gödel, (1906-1978)OR
* Godfrey of Fontaines, (c. 1250-1309)CRS
* William Godwin, (1756-1836)CORS
* Johann Wolfgang Goethe, (1749-1832)COR
* Alvin Ira Goldman, (born 1938)CO
* Lucien Goldmann, (1913-1970)
* Gongsun Longzi, (c. 300 BC)C
* Nelson Goodman, (1906-1998)COR
* Gorgias, (c. 483-375 BC)COR
* Wawrzyniec Grzymala Goslicki (1530-1607)
* Baltasar Gracián y Morales, (1601-1658)C
* Antonio Gramsci, (1891-1937)COR
* Guido Grandi, (1671-1742)
* D. Granosalis
* George Grant, (1918-1988)
* Richard Grathoff, (born 1934)
* Clare W. Graves, (1914-1986)
* John Gray, (born 1948)
* A. C. Grayling, (born 1949)
* Celia Green, (born 1935)
* Thomas Hill Green, (1836-1882)CORS
* Pope Gregory I, (540-604)CO
* Gregory of Nyssa, (c. 335-398)C
* Gregory of Rimini, (d. 1358)CORS
* Kurt Grelling, (1886-1942)
* Alex Grey, (born 1953)
* Herbert Paul Grice, (1913-1988)CORS
* James Griffin, (born 1933)O
* Germain Grisez, (born 1929)O
* Robert Grosseteste, (1175-1253)CORS*
* Reinhardt Grossman, (born 1931)O
* George Grote, (1794-1871)
* John Grote, (1813-1866)R
* Hugo Grotius, (1583-1645)CORS
* Adolf Grunbaum, (born 1923)O
* Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740-645 BC)CR
* Félix Guattari, (1930-1992)
* D. V. Gundappa
* Dominicus Gundissalinus, (12th century)
* Gotthard Günther, (1900-1984)
* G. I. Gurdjieff, (1872-1949)
* Edmund Gurney, (1847-1888)R
* Aron Gurwitsch, (1901-1973)
* Kwame Gyekye
[edit] H
* Susan Haack, (born 1945)
* Jürgen Habermas, (born 1929)CORS*
* Ian Hacking, (born 1936)O
* Paul Haeberlin, (1878-1960)
* Ernst Haeckel, (1834-1919)CR
* Axel Anders Theodor Hagerstrom, (1868-1939)R
* Yehuda Halevi, (c. 1085-1141)CORS*
* Edward Halper, (born 1951)
* Werner Hamacher, (born 1948)
* Johann Georg Hamann, (1730-1788)CRS
* Charles Hamblin, (1922-1985)
* Sir William Hamilton, (1788-1856)COR
* David Walter Hamlyn, (born 1924)O
* Stuart Hampshire, (1914-2004)O
* Béla Hamvas, (1897-1968)
* Han Feizi, (d. 233 BC)CR
* Han Wonjin, (1682-1751)R
* Han Yu, (768-824)CR
* Alastair Hannay, (born 1932)O
* Eduard Hanslick, (1825-1904)R
* Norwood Russell Hanson, (1922-1967)R
* John Hare
* R. M. Hare, (1919-2002)COR
* Gilbert Harman, (born 1938)O
* Friedrich Harms, (1819-1880)
* James Harrington, (1611-1677)R
* William Torrey Harris, (1835-1909)
* H. L. A. Hart, (1907-1992)COR
* David Hartley, (1705-1757)CORS
* Eduard Von Hartmann, (1842-1906)COR
* Nicolai Hartmann, (1882-1950)CORS*
* Charles Hartshorne, (1897-2000)COS
* John Haugeland, (born 1948)
* Friedrich Hayek, (1899-1992)OR
* Rudolf Haym, (1821-1901)
* Hecato of Rhodes
* G.W.F. Hegel, (1770-1831)CORS
* Hegesias of Magnesia, (c. 300 BC)
* Martin Heidegger, (1889-1976)CORS*
* Werner Heisenberg, (1901-1976)OR
* Hermann von Helmholtz, (1821-1894)CR
* Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont, (1614-1698)R
* Claude Adrien Helvétius, (1715-1771)COR
* Carl Gustav Hempel, (1905-1997)COR
* Henricus Regius, (1598-1679)R
* Henry of Ghent, (c. 1217-1293)CORS*
* Henry of Harclay, (1270-1317)R
* Michel Henry, (1922-2002)
* Ronald William Hepburn, (born 1927)O
* Heraclides Ponticus, (387-312 BC)R
* Heraclitus of Ephesus, (ca. 535-475 BC)COR
* Johann Friedrich Herbart, (1776-1841)CR
* Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, (1583-1648)R
* Johann Gottfried Herder, (1744-1803)CORS
* Herman of Carinthia, (c. 1100-c. 1160)
* Abraham Cohen de Herrera (or Alonso Nunez de Herrera or Abraham Irira), (1562-1635)R
* Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, (1857-1894)R
* Hervaeus Natalis (or Herve Nedellec), (1250-1323)R
* Alexander Herzen, (1812-1870)COR
* Abraham Joshua Heschel, (1907-1972)R
* Hesiod, (c. 700 BC)R
* Moses Hess, (1812-1875)R
* Mary Hesse, (born 1924)
* Sergei Iosifovich Hessen, (1887-1950)R
* William of Heytesbury (or Hentisberus or Hentisberi or Tisberi), (1313-1373)CRS
* Hicetas, (400-335 BC)
* John Hick, (born 1922)O
* Laurens Perseus Hickok, (1798-1888)
* Hierocles the Stoic, (2nd century)R
* David Hilbert, (1862-1943)CO
* Alice von Hildebrand, (born 1923)
* Dietrich von Hildebrand, (1889-1977)
* Hildegard of Bingen, (1098-1179)R
* Hillel ben Samuel of Verona, (1220-1295)R
* Al-Hilli, (1250-1325)
* Himerius, (315-386)
* Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs, (1794-1861)
* Jaakko Hintikka, (born 1929)CO
* Hipparchia, (4th century BC)
* Hippasus, (c. 500 BC)
* Hippias, (5th century BC)R
* Hippocrates, (460-380 BC)CO
* Ho Yen, (190-249)C
* Thomas Hobbes, (1588-1679)COR
* Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, (1864-1929)O
* William Ernest Hocking, (1873-1966)O
* Leonard Hodgson, (1889-1969)
* Shadworth Hodgson, (1832-1912)O
* Josef Hoëné-Wronski, (1778-1853)
* Harald Høffding, (1843-1931)O
* Douglas Hofstadter, (born 1945)
* Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, (1879-1918)CR
* Baron d'Holbach, (1723-1789)COS
* Robert Holcot, (1290-1349)RS
* Friedrich Hölderlin, (1770-1843)CR
* Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., (1841-1935)R
* Homer, (c. 700 BC)R
* Ted Honderich
* Sidney Hook, (1902-1989)O
* Richard Hooker, (1554-1600)R
* Max Horkheimer, (1895-1973)CR
* Jennifer Hornsby, (born 1951)O
* Paul Horwich, (born 1947)O
* Paulin J. Hountondji, (born 1942)
* Hsi K'ang, (223-262)C
* Hsiung Shih-li, (1885-1968)C
* Hsu Fu-kuan, (1903-1982)C
* Hsu Hsing, (c. 300 BC)C
* Hu Hung (or Wu-Feng), (1100-1155)C
* Hu Shih, (1891-1962)C
* Huai Nun Tzu (or Huainanzi or Liu An), (179-122 BC)CR
* Huang Zongxi (or Huang Tsung-hsi), (1610-1695)C
* Elbert Hubbard, (1856-1915)
* Pierre Daniel Huet, (1630-1721)R
* Hugh of St Victor, (c. 1078-1141)R
* Hui Shi, (4th century BC)C
* Wilhelm von Humboldt, (1767-1835)CORS*
* David Hume, (1711-1776)CORS
* Edward M. Hundert
* Rosalind Hursthouse
* Jan Hus, (1369-1415)R
* Edmund Husserl, (1859-1938)CORS
* Francis Hutcheson, (1694-1746)COR
* Thomas Henry Huxley, (1825-1895)R
* Christiaan Huygens, (1629-1695)C
* Hypatia of Alexandria, (370-415)CR
* Jean Hyppolite, (1907-1968)
vI
* Iamblichus, (ca. 245 AD-ca. 325)R
* Yahya ibn Adi (893-974)R
* Ibn al-Arabi, (1164-1240)R
* Ibn ar-Rawandi, (c. 910)R
* Ibn Bajjah (or Avempace), (d. 1138)CR
* Ibn Daud (or Rabad I or Avendauth, or John of Spain) (1110-1180)CRS*
* Abraham ibn Ezra, (1092/3-1167)RS*
* Moses ibn Ezra, (1070-1138)R
* Ibn Falaquera, (1223-1290)RS*
* Solomon Ibn Gabirol, (1021-1058)CORS*
* Ibn Hazm, (994-1069)R
* Hunein Ibn Ishak, (809-873)
* Ibn Kammuna, (1215-1284)R
* Ibn Khaldun, (1332-1406)COR
* Ibn Masarra, (883-931)R
* Ibn Miskawayh, (940-1030)CR
* Bahya ibn Paquda, (1040-1110)R
* Ibn Sab'in, (1217-1268)R
* Ibn Taymiya, (1263-1328)R
* Samuel Ibn Tibbon S
* Ibn Tufail, (1110-1185)CR
* Ibn Tzaddik, (c. 1149)R
* Michael Ignatieff, (born 1947)
* Don Ihde, (born 1934)
* Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in, (1883-1954)CR
* Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov, (1924-1979)R
* Immanuel the Roman (c. 1270-c. 1330)R
* Roman Ingarden, (1893-1970)CORS
* William Ralph Inge, (1860-1954)R
* Muhammad Iqbal, (1877-1938)OR
* Luce Irigaray, (born 1930)COR
* Terence Irwin, (born 1947)O
* Isocrates, (436-338 BC)C
* Isaac Israeli of Stella, (1105-1177)R
* Issac Ben Solomon Israeli, (c. 850-950)RS*
* Isvarakrsna, (5th century)
* Ito Jinsai, (1627-1705)R
[edit] J
* Frank Jackson, (born 1943)O
* Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, (1743-1819)CORS
* James of Viterbo, (1255-1308)R
* Henry James Sr., (1811-1882)
* William James, (1842-1910)CORS
* Christopher Janaway
* Erich Jantsch
* Karl Jaspers, (1883-1969)CORS*
* Thomas Jefferson, (1743-1826)OR
* Richard C. Jeffrey, (1926-2002)O
* Jesus Christ, (circa 5 BC - AD 30)
* William Stanley Jevons, (1835-1882)COS*
* Rudolf von Jhering, (1818-1892)R
* Jinul (or Chinul), (1158-1210)R
* Joachim of Fiore, (1135-1201)CR
* C.E.M. Joad, (18591-1953)
* John of Damascus, (c. 676-749)CR
* John of Jandun, (1280-1328)R
* John of La Rochelle, (1190-1245)R
* John of Mirecourt, (c. 1345)R
* John of Paris, (1260-1306)R
* John of Salisbury, (c. 1115-1180)CRS
* John of St. Thomas (or Jean Poinsot), (1589-1644)CR
* John the Scot, (c. 800-c. 880)
* Alexander Bryan Johnson, (1786-1867)R
* Samuel Johnson, (1649-1703)R
* Dr. Samuel Johnson, (1709-1784)OR
* William Ernest Johnson, (1858-1931)CO
* Hans Jonas, (1903-1993)
* Jørgen Jørgensen, (1894-1969)O
* Théodore Simon Jouffroy, (1796-1842)
* Juan Chi, (210-263)C
* Judah ben Moses of Rome (orJudah Romano), (1292-1330)R
* Judah Ben Samuel of Regensburg, (c. 1200)
* Carl Jung, (1875-1961)COR
* Ernst Jünger, (1895-1998)
* Joachim Jungius, (1587-1657)R
* Justinian I, (483-565)R
* Abul Maali al-Juwayni, (1028-1085)R
[edit] K
* Kaibara Ekiken, (1630-1740)R
* Lord Kames, (1696-1782)R
* Robert Kane, (born 1938)
* Kang Youwei, (1858-1927)C
* Immanuel Kant, (1724-1804)CORS*
* Kao Tzu, (c. 420 BC)C
* David Kaplan, (born 1933)O
* Mordecai Kaplan, (1881-1983)R
* Joseph Kaspi S*
* Walter Kaufmann, (1921-1980)
* Karl Kautsky, (1854-1938)OR
* Kaydrup glek belsangbo (or mKhas grub dge legs dpal bzang po or Khai-dub), (1385-1438)R
* Konstantin Kavelin (1818-1885)
* Aleksey Khomyakov (1804-1860)
* Bartholomew Keckermann, (1571-1609)R
* David Kelley, (born 1949)
* Hans Kelsen, (1881-1973)OR
* Norman Kemp Smith, (1872-1958)R
* Anthony Kenny, (born 1931)O
* Johannes Kepler, (1571-1630)CRS*
* John Maynard Keynes, (1883-1946)COR
* Omar Khayyám, (1048-1123)
* Søren Kierkegaard, (1813-1855)CORS
* Richard Kilvington (or Richard Chillington}, (1302-1361)CRS
* Robert Kilwardby, (1215-1279)CR
* Jaegwon Kim, (born 1934)CO
* Al-Kindi, (801-873)CORS*
* Martin Luther King, Jr., (1929-1968)
* Peter J. King, (born 1956)
* Mark Kingwell, (born 1963)
* Richard Kirkham, (born 1955)
* Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani, (12th century)
* Philip Kitcher
* Martha Klein
* Heinrich von Kleist, (1777-1811)C
* William Calvant Kneale, (1906-1990)O
* Richard Payne Knight, (1750-1824)
* Martin Knutzen, (1713-1751)R
* Ko Hung, (4th century)C
* Arthur Koestler, (1905-1983)
* Wolfgang Köhler, (1887-1967)C
* Alexandre Kojève, (1902-1968)R
* Leszek Kołakowski, (born 1927)
* Hugo Kołłątaj, (1750-1812)
* Alejandro Korn, (1860-1936)O
* Hilary Kornblith
* Christine Korsgaard
* Tadeusz Kotarbiński, (1886-1981)COR
* Greg Koukl
* Alexandre Koyre, (1892-1964)R
* Karl Kraus, (1874-1936)O
* Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, (1781-1832)CR
* Georg Kreisel, (born 1923)O
* Saul Kripke, (born 1940)COR
* Jiddu Krishnamurti, (1895-1986)
* Julia Kristeva, (born 1941)COR
* Nachman Krochmal, (1785-1840)R
* Leopold Kronecker, (1823-1891)R
* Richard Kroner, (1884-1974)
* Peter Kropotkin, (1842-1921)COR
* Wilhelm Traugott Krug, (1770-1842)
* Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, (1909-1999)
* Thomas Samuel Kuhn, (1922-1996)CORS
* Kūkai, (774-835)OR
* Kuki Shūzō, (1888-1941)R
* Kumazawa Banzan, (1619-1691) R
* Kuo Hsiang (or Guoxiang), (c. 312)C
* Will Kymlicka
* Mahmoud Khatami(born 1963)
[edit] L
* Louis de La Forge, (1632-1666)CR
* Julien Offray de La Mettrie, (1709-1751)COR
* Isaac La Peyrère, (1596-1676)C
* Antonio Labriola, (1843-1904)CR
* Jacques Lacan, (1901-1981)CORS*
* Jules Lachelier, (1832-1918)R
* Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, (born 1940)R
* Pierre Laffitte, (1823-1903)C
* Imre Lakatos, (1922-1974)ORS*
* Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, (1744-1829)O
* Johann Heinrich Lambert, (1728-1777)CR
* Lamennais, (1752-1854)
* Friedrich Albert Lange, (1828-1875)CRS
* Susanne Langer, (1895-1985)OR
* William Lankin
* Lao Zi (or Lao Tzu), (4th century BC)COS
* Pierre-Simon Laplace, (1749-1827)CO
* Pierre Laromiguière, (1756-1837)
* Ferdinand Lassalle, (1825-1864)R
* Anton LaVey
* Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov, (1823-1900)R
* William Law, (1686-1761)R
* Moritz Lazarus
* Jean Le Clerc, (1657-1737)R
* Michèle Le Dœuff, (born 1948)OR
* Antoine Le Grand, (1629-1699)RS
* Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy, (1870-1954)R
* Henri Lefebvre, (1901-1991)R
* Keith Lehrer, (born 1936)O
* Gottfried Leibniz, (1646-1716)CORS*
* Yeshayahu Leibowitz, (1903-1994)R
* Brian Leiter, (born 1963)
* Vladimir Lenin, (1870-1924)COR
* Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev, (1831-1891)R
* Jules Lequier, (1814-1862)C
* Pierre Leroux, (1798-1871)C
* Stanisław Leśniewski, (1886-1939)COR
* Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, (1729-1781)COR
* Leucippus, (5th century BC)CORS
* Emmanuel Levinas, (1906-1995)CORS*
* Claude Lévi-Strauss, (born 1908)OR
* Bernard-Henri Lévy, (born 1948)
* Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, (1857-1939)O
* George Henry Lewes, (1817-1878)
* Kurt Lewin, (1890-1947)C
* Clarence Irving Lewis, (1883-1964)CORS*
* C. S. Lewis, (1898-1963)CR
* David Kellogg Lewis, (1941-2001)CORS*
* John Lewis, (1889-1976)
* Li Ao, (722-841)C
* Li Si, (c. 280-208 BC)
* Liang Qichao (or Liang Ch'i-ch'ao), (1873-1929)C
* Liang Sou-ming, (1893-1988)C
* Karol Libelt, (1807-1875)
* Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, (1742-1799)OR
* Liezi (or Lieh Tzu), (c. 440 BC-c. 360 BC)C
* Alphonso Lingis
* Linji (or Lin Chi), (c. 810-867)R
* Carolus Linnaeus, (1707-1778)R
* Israel Lipkin S*
* Arthur Lipsett, (1936-1986)
* Justus Lipsius, (1547-1606)RS
* Émile Littré, (1801-1881)
* Liu Shaoqi (orLiu Shao-ch'i), (1898-1969)C
* Liu Tsung-chou (or Ch'i-shan), (1578-1645)C
* Karl Nickerson Llywelyn, (1893-1962)R
* Ramon Llull, (1235-1315)CR
* Alain LeRoy Locke, (1886-1954)
* John Locke, (1632-1704)CORS
* Knud Ejler Løgstrup, (1905-1981)
* Alfred Loisy, (1857-1940)R
* Peter Lombard, (c. 1100-1160)CR
* Bernard Lonergan, (1904-1984)R
* Longinus, (1st century)C
* Cassius Dionysius Longinus, (213-273)
* Jakob Lorber, (1800-1864)
* Paul Lorenzen, (1915-1995)R
* Aleksei Fedorovich Losev, (1893-1988)R
* Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky, (1870-1965)R
* Rudolf Hermann Lotze, (1817-1881)CORS
* Arthur O. Lovejoy, (1873-1962)O
* Lu Hsiang-shan (or Lu Xiangshan, or Lu Chiu-yuan, or Tzu-ching, or Ts'un-chai), (1139-1193)CR
* John R. Lucas, (born 1929)O
* Lucian, (c. 120-c. 180)R
* Lucius Annaeus Cornutus
* Lucretius, (c. 99-55 BC)CORS
* Georg Lukács, (1885-1971)COR
* Jan Łukasiewicz, (1878-1956)COR
* Martin Luther, (1483-1546)COR
* Rosa Luxemburg, (1871-1919)R
* William G. Lycan, (born 1945)O
* Jean-François Lyotard, (1924-1998)COR
[edit] M
* Gabriel Bonnot de Mably, (1709-1785)
* Ernst Mach, (1838-1916)COR
* Niccolò Machiavelli, (1469-1527)CORS
* Alasdair MacIntyre, (born 1929)COR
* John Leslie Mackie, (1917-1981)O
* John Macmurray, (1891-1976)
* Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius, (fl. c. 400)
* Madhava, (d. 1386)R
* Shri Madhvacharya, (1238-1317)COR
* Mahavira, (599-527 BC)CR
* Salomon Maimon (or Salomon ben Joshua), (1753-1800)CRS
* Abraham ben Moses Maimonides (or Abraham ben Maimon), (1186-1237)R
* Moses Maimonides (or Rambam), (1135-1204)CORS
* Maine de Biran, (1766-1824)OR
* Philipp Mainländer
* John Major (or John Mair), (1467-1550)OR
* Norman Malcolm, (1911-1990)CO
* Nicolas Malebranche, (1638-1715)CORS
* Mostafa Malekian
* Ernst Mally, (1879-1944)S
* Merab Mamardashvili, (1930-1990)R
* Bernard de Mandeville, (1670-1733)R
* Karl Mannheim, (1893-1947)CO
* Henry Longueville Mansel, (1820-1871)C
* Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung), (1893-1976)C
* Gabriel Marcel, (1887-1973)CORS
* Ruth Barcan Marcus, (born 1921)CO
* Herbert Marcuse, (born 1898-1979)COR
* Juan de Mariana, (1536-1624)C
* Julián Marías, (1914-2005)
* Jacques Maritain, (1882-1973)CORS
* Gaius Marius Victorinus, (4th century)R
* Marsilius of Inghen, (1330-1396)CRS
* Marsilius of Padua (or Marsiglio or Marsilio dei Mainardine), (1270-1342)COR
* Roger Marston, (1235-1303)R
* Charles B. Martin, (born 1924)O
* Donald A. Martin
* Michael Martin
* Harriet Martineau, (1802-1876)R
* James Martineau, (1805-1900)CO
* Karl Marx, (1818-1883)CORS
* Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, (1850-1937)OR
* Damaris Cudworth Masham, (1659-1708)CRS
* Matthew of Aquasparta, (1238-1302)R
* Humberto Maturana, (born 1928)
* Fritz Mauthner, (1849-1923)R
* James Clerk Maxwell, (1831-1879)CR
* Mazdak, (died c. 526)
* Jacopo Mazzoni, (1548-1598)
* James McCosh, (1811-1894)C
* William McDougall, (1871-1938)C
* John McDowell, (born 1942)O
* Colin McGinn, (born 1950)O
* Marshall McLuhan, (1911-1980)
* John Ellis McTaggart, (1866-1925)COR
* Tony McWalter, (born 1945)
* George Herbert Mead, (1863-1931)COR
* Bartolomeo Medina, (1527-1580)C
* Georg Mehlis
* Friedrich Meinecke, (1862-1954)R
* Alexius Meinong, (1853-1920)CORS*
* Philipp Melanchthon, (1497-1560)R
* Melissus of Samos, (late 5th century BC)COR
* D. Hugh Mellor, (born 1938)O
* Mencius (or Meng K'o or Meng-tzu or Mengzi), (372-289 BC)CORS
* Gregor Mendel, (1822-1884)C
* Moses Mendelssohn, (1729-1786)CORS
* Menedemus, (c. 350-278 BC)
* Winnifried Menninghaus
* Desire Joseph Mercier, (1851-1926)C
* Maurice Merleau-Ponty, (1908-1961)CORS
* Franklin Merrell-Wolff, (1887-1985)
* Marin Mersenne, (1588-1648)CR
* Judah Messer Leon, (c. 1425-c. 1495)R
* Theodore Metochita, (d. 1332)
* Metrocles, (c. 300 BC)
* Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger), (331-278 BC)
* Thomas Metzinger, (born 1958)
* Emile Meyerson, (1859-1933)OR
* Vincent Miceli, (1915-1991)
* Carlo Michelstaedter, (1887-1910)
* Mary Midgley, (born 1919)
* Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii, (1842-1904)R
* Miki Kiyoshi, (1897-1945)R
* Mikyo Dorje (or Mi bskyod rdo rje), (1507-1554)R
* James Mill, (1773-1836)CORS
* John Stuart Mill, (1806-1873)CORS
* Alan Millar
* John Millar, (1735-1801)R
* Ruth Millikan, (born 1933)O
* Muhammad Baqir Mir Damad (or Sayyid al-Afadil or Ishraq or Ibn al-Damad), (d. 1631)R
* Ludwig von Mises, (1881-1973)
* William Mitchell, (1861-1962)
* Dimitrije Mitrinovic, (1887-1953)
* Luis de Molina, (1535-1600)COR
* Lord Monboddo (or James Burnett), (1714-1799)R
* Richard Montague, (1930-1971)R
* Michel de Montaigne, (1533-1592)CORS
* Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)CRS
* Addison Webster Moore, (1866-1930)
* G. E. Moore, (1873-1958)CORS
* Henry More, (1614-1687)CR
* Max More, (born 1964)
* Thomas More, (1478-1535)CS*
* J. P. Moreland
* Sidney Morgenbesser, (1921-2004)
* Gaetano Mosca, (1858-1941)C
* Jean Moufot, (1784-1842)
* Motoori Norinaga, (1730-1801)R
* Mou Tsung-san, (1909-1995)C
* Jean François Moufot, (1784-1842)
* Mozi (or Mo Tzu, or Mo Ti, or Micius), (c. 470-c. 390 BC)CR
* John Henry Muirhead, (1855-1940)
* David Ibn Merwan Al-Mukammas (or Daud Ibn Marwan al-Muqammas or David ha-Bavli), (d. 937)R
* Mulla Sadra, (1571-1640)OR
* Max Müller, (1823-1900)
* Iris Murdoch, (1919-1999)O
* Musonius Rufus, (1st century)R
[edit] N
* Arne Næss, (born 1912)OR
* Nagarjuna, (ca. 200 CE)COR
* Ernest Nagel, (1901-1985)COR
* Thomas Nagel, (born 1937)COR
* Moses Nahmanides, (1194-1270)R
* Jean-Luc Nancy, (born 1940)R
* Nārāyana Guru, (1856-1928)
* Moses Narboni S*
* Jan Narveson, (born 1936)
* Seyyed Hossein Nasr
* Paul Gerhard Natorp, (1854-1924)S
* Alexander Neckham, (1157-1217)R
* Antonio Negri, (born 1933)
* Oskar Negt, (born 1934)
* Alexander Nehamas
* John Neihardt, (1881-1973)
* Leonard Nelson, (1882-1927)
* Ted Nelson (born 1937)
* Nemesius of Emesa, (fl. c. 400)CR
* John von Neumann, (1903-1957)COR
* Otto Neurath, (1882-1945)OR
* John Henry Newman, (1801-1890)CR
* Isaac Newton, (1642-1727)COR
* Nichiren, (1222-1282)R
* Nicholas of Autrecourt, (c. 1300-1369)CORS
* Nicholas of Cusa, (1401-1464)CORS*
* H. Richard Niebuhr, (1894-1962)R
* Reinhold Niebuhr, (1892-1971)R
* Kai Nielsen
* Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844-1900)CORS
* Agostino Nifo, (1470-1538)R
* Nishi Amane, (1829-1897)R
* Nishida Kitaro, (1870-1945)ORS
* Nishitani Keiji, (1900-1990)OR
* Kwame Nkrumah, (1909-1972)O
* Nel Noddings, (1929-)
* Ernst Nolte, (1923-)
* John Norris, (1657-1711)RS*
* Novalis, (1772-1801)C
* Robert Nozick, (1938-2001)COR
* Numenius Of Apamca, (2nd century)CR
* Martha Nussbaum, (born 1947)CO
* Shalva Nutsubidze, (1888-1969)
* Anders Nygren, (1890-1978)R
[edit] O
* Michael Oakeshott, (1901-1990)COR
* William of Ockham, (ca. 1285-1349)CORS
* Ogyū Sorai, (1666-1728)R
* Georges Ohsawa, (1893-1966)
* Lorenz Oken, (1779-1851)R
* Karl Olivecrona, (1897-1980)R
* Peter Olivi, (1248-1298)CRS
* Olympiodorus the Younger, (495-570)S*
* John Wood Oman, (1860-1939)R
* Onora O'Neill, (born 1941)O
* Nicole Oresme, (1320-1382)RS*
* Origen, (c. 182-c. 251)CR
* José Ortega y Gasset, (1883-1955)COR
* James Oswald, (1703-1793)R
* Rudolf Otto, (1869-1937)R
* P. D. Ouspensky, (1878-1947)
* Albert Outler, (1908-1989)
* Richard Overton, (d. circa 1665)R
* Gwilyn Ellis Lane Owen, (1922-1982)OR
[edit] P
* Thomas Paine, (1737-1809)COR
* William Paley, (1743-1805)CR
* Panaetius, (c. 185-c. 110 BC)R
* David Papineau, (born 1947)O
* Paracelsus, (1493-1541)CR
* Vilfredo Pareto, (1848-1923)
* Derek Parfit, (born 1942)CO
* Parmenides, (5th century BC)COR
* Adam Parvipontanus, (d. 1181)
* Blaise Pascal, (1623-1662)CR
* John Arthur Passmore, (1914-2004)R
* Patañjali, (2nd century BC)R
* Jan Patočka, (1907-1977)R
* Francesco Patrizi da Cherso (or Franciscus Patritius) (1529-1597)RS
* Paul of Venice, (1369-1429)CRS
* Christopher Peacocke, (born 1950)O
* Giuseppe Peano, (1858-1932)O
* David Pearce
* David Pears, (born 1921)O
* John Peckham, (d. 1292)R
* Leonard Peikoff, (born 1933)
* Benjamin Peirce, (1809-1880)S
* Charles Sanders Peirce, (1839-1914)CORS
* Pelagius, (c. 360-c. 435)O
* Jean-Jacques Pelletier, (born 1947)
* William Penbygull, (died 1420)S
* Thomas Percival, (1740-1804)C
* Ralph Barton Perry, (1876-1957)CO
* Peter of Auvergne, (13th century)R
* Peter of Spain (or Pope John XXI), (13th century)CORS
* Peter the Iberian, (411-491)
* Richard Stanley Peters, (born 1919)O
* Petrarch, (1304-1374)OR
* Leon Petrazycki, (1867-1931)R
* Joane Petrizi S*
* Pherecydes of Syros, (6th century BC)
* Philip the Chancellor, (1160-1236)RS
* Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, (20 BC-40 AD)COR
* Philo of Larissa, (1st century BC)RS*
* Philo the Dialectician, (c. 300 BC)OR
* Philodemus of Gadara, (1st century BC)RS*
* Philolaus of Croton, (c. 480-c. 405 BC)CRS
* Joannes Philoponus, (early 6th century)CORS
* Philostratus
* Jean Piaget, (1896-1980)CR
* Giovanni Piana
* Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, (1463-1494)CORS*
* Massimo Pigliucci, (1964-)
* Issac de Pinto, (1715-1787)
* Robert Pirsig, (born 1928)
* Max Planck, (1858-1947)OR
* Alvin Plantinga, (born 1932)CO
* Plato, (c. 427 BC-c. 347 BC)CORS
* Georgi Plekhanov, (1856-1918)COR
* George Gemistos Plethon, (c. 1355-1452)
* Plotinus, (died 270)CORS
* Plutarch of Athens, (5th century BC)
* Mestrius Plutarch of Chaeronia, (c. 45-c. 120)R
* Konstantin Pobedonostsev, (1827-1907)
* Henri Poincaré, (1854-1912)COR
* Michael Polanyi, (1891-1976)R
* Isaac Polgar S*
* Polyaenus of Lampsacus, (died 278 BC)
* Pietro Pomponazzi, (1462-1525)CORS
* Richard Popkin
* K. J. Popma, (1903-1986)
* Karl Popper, (1902-1994)CORS
* Porphyry, (c. 232-c. 304)CORS
* Posidonius, (c. 135-51 BC)R
* Emil Leon Post, (1897-1954)R
* Robert Joseph Pothier, (1699-1772)R
* Roscoe Pound, (1870-1964)R
* Karl von Prantl
* Dag Prawitz, (born 1936)
* Henry Habberley Price, (1899-1984)O
* Richard Price, (1723-1791)COR
* Harold Arthur Prichard, (1871-1947)COR
* Robert Priddy, (born 1936)
* Joseph Priestley, (1733-1804)COR
* Arthur Prior, (1914-1969)RS
* Proclus, (412-487)OR
* Prodicus, (c. 450-399 BC)R
* Harry Prosch
* Protagoras, (c. 481-420 BC)OR
* Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, (1809-1865)COR
* Michael Psellus, (11th century)
* Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, (5th century)RS
* Pseudo-Grosseteste, (13th century)R
* Ptolemy, (c. 85-c. 165)R
* Samuel Pufendorf, (1632-1694)CR
* Hilary Putnam, (born 1926)COR
* Pyrrho, (c. 360-c. 270)CORS
* Pythagoras, (582 BC-496 BC)CORS
[edit] Q
* W. V. O. Quine, (1908-2000)CORS*
* Anthony Quinton, (born 1925)O
R
* François Rabelais, (1493-1553)R
* Gustav Radbruch, (1878-1949)R
* Janet Radcliffe Richards, (born 1944)O
* Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, (1888-1975)OR
* Assi Rahbani, (1923-1986)
* Karl Rahner, (1904-1984)R
* Ramanuja, (1017-1137)COR
* Frank P. Ramsey, (1903-1930)CORS*
* Ian Thomas Ramsey, (1915-1972)R
* Paul Ramsey, (1913-1988)
* Petrus Ramus, (1515-1572)CRS*
* Jacques Rancière, (born 1940)
* Ayn Rand (1905-1982)R
* Hastings Rashdall, (1858-1924)COR
* Felix Ravaisson-Mollien, (1813-1900)R
* John Rawls, (1921-2002)COR
* John Ray, (1627-1705)C
* Daniel Raymond
* Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Razi (or Rhazes), (865-925)CR
* Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, (1149-1209)R
* Paul Ree, (1849-1901)O
* Pierre-Sylvain Regis, (1632-1707)R
* August Wilhelm Rehberg S*
* Wilhelm Reich, (1897-1957)O
* Hans Reichenbach, (1891-1953)COR
* Thomas Reid, (1710-1796)CORS
* Hermann Samuel Reimarus, (1694-1768)C
* Adolf Reinach, (1883-1917)R
* Karl Leonhard Reinhold, (1757-1823)CRS
* Karl Renner, (1870-1950)R
* Charles Bernard Renouvier, (1815-1903)COR
* Nicholas Rescher, (born 1928)O
* Rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen (or Gyeltsap darma rinchen) (1364-1432)R
* David Ricardo, (1772-1823)
* Richard of Middleton, (c. 1249-1306)R
* Richard of St. Victor, (d. 1173)R
* Richard Rufus of Cornwall (or Richardus Sophista) (1231-1259)CRS
* I. A. Richards, (1893-1979)
* Radovan Richta, (1924-1983)
* Heinrich Rickert, (1863-1936)S*
* Paul Ricoeur, (1913-2005)CORS
* Bernhard Riemann, (1826-1866)
* R.R. Rockingham Gill
* Jacques Rohault, (1617-1672)R
* Erwin Rohde, (1845-1898)
* Francisco Romero (1891-1962)O
* Avital Ronell
* Richard Rorty, (1931-2007)CORS
* Vasily Rozanov, (1856-1919)
* Roscelin of Compiègne, (c. 1050-c. 1120)CR
* Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz, (1805-1879)
* Franz Rosenzweig, (1886-1929)COR
* Antonio Rosmini-Serbati, (1797-1855)CRS
* Alf Niels Christian Ross, (1899-1979)R
* William David Ross, (1877-1971)COR
* Gian-Carlo Rota, (1932-1999)
* Jean Jacques Rousseau, (1712-1778)COR
* Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, (1760-1825)
* Joseph Rovan, (1918-2004)
* Josiah Royce, (1865-1916)CORS
* Pierre Paul Royer-Collard, (1763-1845)
* Vasily Rozanov, (1856-1919)R
* Arnold Ruge, (1802-1880)R
* Michael Ruse, (born 1940)
* Bertrand Russell, (1872-1970)CORS
* Jan van Ruysbroek, (1293-1381)
* Gilbert Ryle, (1900-1976)COR
[edit] S
* Sa skya pandita (or Sagya pandita or Sagypandita), (1182-1251)R
* Saadia Gaon, (892-942)CORS
* Mulla Hadi Sabzevari, (1797-1873)R
* Mark Sainsbury, (born 1943)O
* Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, (1760-1825)COR
* Émile Saisset, (1814-1863)
* Nathan Salmon, (born 1951)
* Wesley Salmon, (1925-2001)O
* Francisco Sanches, (1551-1623)CR
* Michael Sandel, (born 1953)O
* George Santayana, (1863-1952)CORS
* Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar, (1921-1990)
* Jean-Paul Sartre, (1905-1980)CORS
* Crispin Sartwell, (born 1958)
* John Ralston Saul, (born 1947)
* Ferdinand de Saussure, (1857-1913)CR
* Fernando Savater, (born 1947)
* Friedrich Karl von Savigny, (1779-1861)R
* Julius Caesar Scaliger, (1484-1558)
* Thomas Scanlon, (born 1940)
* Richard Schacht, (born 1941)O
* Max Scheler, (1874-1928)COR
* Friedrich Schelling, (1775-1852)CORS
* Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller, (1864-1937)R
* Friedrich Schiller, (1759-1805)COR
* Friedrich Schlegel, (1772 - 1829)CRS*
* Hubert Schleichert
* Friedrich Schleiermacher, (1768 - 1834)CRS
* Moritz Schlick, (1882-1936)OR
* Carl Schmitt, (1888-1985)R
* J.B. Schneewind, (born 1930)
* Arthur Schopenhauer, (1788-1860)CORS
* Erwin Schrödinger, (1887-1961)C
* Gottlob Ernst Schulze, (1761-1833)C
* Joseph Schumpeter, (1883-1950)R
* Anna Maria van Schurman, (1607-1678)R
* Alfred Schütz, (1899-1959)ORS
* Albert Schweitzer, (1875-1965)
* Roger Scruton, (born 1944)O
* John Searle, (born 1932)COR
* Charles Secretan, (1815-1895)
* Michal Sedziwój, (1566-1636)
* John Selden, (1584-1654)R
* Roy Wood Sellars, (1880-1973)O
* Wilfrid Sellars, (1912-1989)CORS
* Amartya Sen, (born 1933)O
* Seneca the Younger, (c. 4 BC-AD 65)OR
* Sengzhao, (384-414)R
* Ardeshir Sepahsalar, (born 1971)
* John Sergeant, (1623-1704)R
* Michel Serres, (born 1930)
* Sextus Empiricus, (2nd/3rd century)COR
* Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, (1671-1713)CORS
* Shah Wali Allah (or Qutb al-Din Ahmad al-Rahim or Waliullah), (1703-1762)R
* Shang Yang (or Gongsun Yang), (d. 338 BC)C
* Adi Shankara, (788-820)COR
* Shao Yung, (1011-1077)CR
* Johannes Sharpe, (ca. 1360-after 1415)S
* Darius Shayegan
* Shen Buhai, (d. 337 BC)C
* Shen Dao (or Shen Tzu), (c. 350-275 BC)C
* Lady Mary Shepherd, (1777-1847)C
* Lev Shestov, (1866-1938)R
* Shinran, (1173-1261)R
* Sydney Shoemaker, (born 1931)O
* Gustav Gustavovich Shpet, (1879-1937)CR
* Shuju
* Henry Sidgwick, (1838-1900)CORS
* Sigerus of Brabant, (1240-1284)CR
* Christoph Wilhelm von Sigwart, (1789-1844)
* Abu Sulayman Muhammad al-Sijistani, (c. 932-c. 1000)R
* Francesco Silvestri (or Francis Sylvester of Ferrara), (1474-1528)R
* Georg Simmel, (1858-1918)CR
* Simon of Faversham, (ca. 1260-1306)S
* Simplicius of Cilicia, (early 6th century)CRS*
* Peter Singer, (born 1946)O
* B. F. Skinner, (1904-1990)R
* Thoralf Skolem, (1887-1963)C
* Hryhori Skovoroda, (1722-1794)R
* Peter Sloterdijk, (born 1947)
* J. J. C. Smart, (born 1920)COR
* Adam Smith, (1723-1790)COR
* Huston Smith, (born 1919)
* Michael Smith, (born 1954)
* Raymond Smullyan, (born 1919)
* Joseph D. Sneed
* Jan Sniadecki, (1756-1830)
* Scott Soames, (born 1946)
* Elliot Sober
* Socrates, (470 BC-399 BC)CORS
* Shihab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash ibn Amirak al-Sohravardi (or al-Suhrawardi), (1154-1191)OR
* Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger, (1780-1890)
* Joseph Soloveitchik, (1903-1993)RS*
* Vladimir Solovyov, (1853-1900)COR
* Richard Ruston Kharsedji Sorabji, (born 1934)O
* Georges Sorel, (1847-1922)COR
* William Ritchie Sorley, (1855-1935)
* Abdolkarim Soroush
* Ernest Sosa, (born 1940)O
* Sosan Hyujong, (1520-1604)R
* Domingo de Soto, (1494-1560)CR
* Othmar Spann, (1878-1950)
* Herbert Spencer, (1820-1903)CORS
* Thomas Spencer Baynes, (1823-1887)
* Oswald Spengler, (1880-1936)
* Speusippus, (410-339 BC)ORS
* Herbert Spiegelberg, (1904-1990)
* Baruch Spinoza, (1632-1677)CORS
* Afrikan Spir, (1837-1890)C
* Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, (born 1942)
* Lysander Spooner, (1808-1887)
* Timothy L.S. Sprigge, (born 1932)O
* Edward Stachura, (1937-1979)
* Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, (1766-1817)R
* James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair, (1619-1695)R
* Robert Stalnaker, (born 1940)O
* Henry Stanton, (1805-1887)
* Olaf Stapledon, (1886-1950)
* Stanislaw Staszic, (1755-1826)
* L. Susan Stebbing, (1885-1943)
* Edith Stein, (1891-1942)
* Rudolf Steiner, (1861-1925)CR
* Leslie Stephen, (1832-1904)C
* Charles Leslie Stevenson, (1908-1979)OR
* Dugald Stewart, (1753-1828)OR
* Stephen Stich, (born 1944)O
* Edward Stillingfeet, (1635-1699)C
* Stilpo
* James Hutchison Stirling, (1820-1909)
* Max Stirner, (1806-1856)CORS
* George Frederick Stout, (1860-1944)CO
* David Stove, (1927-1994)
* Strato of Lampsacus, (c. 340-c. 268 BC)CR
* David Friedrich Strauss, (1808-1874)R
* Leo Strauss, (1899-1973)R
* Galen Strawson, (born 1952)
* P. F. Strawson, (1919-2006)COR
* Barry Stroud, (born 1935)O
* Carl Stumpf, (1848-1936)
* Francisco Suárez, (1548-1617)CORS*
* Gabrielle Suchon, (1631-1703)R
* Sun Tzu
* Sun Yat-sen, (1866-1925)C
* Sung Hsing (or Sung Tzu), (360-290 BC)C
* Henry Suso, (1300-1366)R
* Emanuel Swedenborg, (1688-1772)R
* Richard Swinburne, (born 1934)CO
* Syrianus S*
* David Sztybel, (born 1967)
[edit] T
* Javad Tabatabaei
* Debendranath Tagore, (1817-1905)
* Rabindranath Tagore, (1861-1941)OR
* Tai Chen (or Dai Zhen or Tai Tung-Yuan), (1724-1777)CR
* Hippolyte Taine, (1828-1893)R
* T'an Ssu-t'ung, (1864-1898)C
* Tanabe Hajime, (1885-1962)OR
* T'ang Chun-i, (1909-1978)C
* Alfred Tarski, (1901-1983)CORS*
* Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz, (1886-1980)
* Johannes Tauler, (c. 1300-1361)R
* Nicolaus Taurellus
* Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi, (c. 930-1023)R
* Charles Taylor, (born 1931)COR
* Harriet Taylor Mill, (1807-1858)CRS
* Richard Taylor, (1919-2003)O
* Gustav Teichmuller (1837-1888)C
* Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, (1881-1955)CR
* Bernardino Telesio, (1509-1588)CRS
* Placide Tempels, (1906-1977)
* William Temple, (1881-1944)R
* Frederick Robert Tennant, (1866-1957)R
* Teresa of Avila, (1515-1582)C
* Tertullian, (c. 160-c. 220)CR
* Johannes Nikolaus Tetens, (1736-1807)CR
* Thales, (c. 635 BC-543 BC)COR
* Themistius, (317-387)R
* Theodorus of Cyrene, (c. 465-398 BC)
* Theophrastus, (372-287 BC)OR
* Helmut Thielicke, (1908-1986)R
* Thierry of Chartres, (fl. c. 1130-1150)R
* Thomas à Kempis, (1380-1471)R
* Thomas of Erfurt, [[14th century)S
* Thomas of York, (13th century)R
* Christian Thomasius, (1655-1728)R
* William Thompson, (1775-1833)
* Judith Jarvis Thomson, (born 1929)CO
* Henry David Thoreau, (1817-1862)CORS
* Thrasymachus, (5th century BC)CRS
* Thucydides, (c. 460-c. 400 BC)R
* Paul Tillich, (1886-1965)CR
* Timaeus of Locres, (5th century BC)
* Timon of Phlius, (c. 300 BC)RS
* Matthew Tindal, (1657-1733)R
* Alexis de Tocqueville, (1805-1859)R
* Tzvetan Todorov, (born 1939)R
* John Toland, (1670-1722)OR
* Francisco de Toledo, (1515-1584)CR
* Leo Tolstoy, (1828-1910)R
* Tominaga Nakamoto, (1715-1746)R
* Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg
* Ernst Troeltsch, (1865-1923)CR
* Leon Trotsky, (1879-1940)OR
* Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, (1651-1708)R
* Je Tsongkhapa (or Dzongkaba or Rinpoche), (1357-1419)R
* Abraham Tucker, (1705-1774)R
* Benjamin Tucker, (1854-1939)
* Peter Tudvad
* Ernst Tugendhat, (born 1930)O
* Raimo Tuomela, (born 1940)
* Alan Turing, (1912-1954)ORS
* George Turnball, (1698-1748)CR
* Nasir al-Din Tusi, (1201-1274)R
* Kazimierz Twardowski, (1866-1938)OR
* Michael Tye
* TK Neezar Ahmed
[edit] U
* Pietro Ubaldi, (1886-1972)
* Udayana, (11th century)R
* Uddyotakara, (6th century)R
* Uisang, (625-702)R
* Ulrich of Strasbourg, (1220-1277)R
* Hermann Ulrici
* Miguel de Unamuno, (1864-1936)COR
* Peter Unger
* Dimitri Uznadze, (1886-1950)
[edit] V
* Hans Vaihinger, (1852-1933)COR
* Valentinius (or Valentinus), (c. 100-c. 153)C
* Lorenzo Valla, (1406-1457)CORS*
* Vallabhacharya, (1479-1531)R
* Bas C. van Fraassen, (born 1941)O
* Peter van Inwagen
* Giulio Cesare Vanini, (1585-1619)C
* Francisco Varela, (1946-2001)
* Vasubandhu, (4th century)CR
* Vatsyayana, (5th century)R
* Emerich de Vattel, (1714-1767)
* Gianni Vattimo, (born 1936)R
* Vauvenargues, (1715-1747)C
* Gabriel Vazquez, (1549-1604)C
* John Venn, (1834-1923)R
* Henry Babcock Veatch, (1911-1997)
* Nicoletto Vernia, (1442-1499)R
* Giambattista Vico, (1668-1744)CORS
* Milan Vidmar, (1885-1962)
* Michel Villey, (1914-1988)R
* Vital Du Four, (1260-1327)R
* Francisco de Vitoria, (1492-1546)COR
* Juan Luís Vives, (1492-1540)CR
* Gregory Vlastos, (1907-1991)OR
* Eric Voegelin, (1901-1985)R
* Voltaire, (1694-1778)OR
* Georg Henrik von Wright, (1916-2003)COR
* Lev Vygotsky, (1896-1934)OR
* Boris Petrovich Vysheslavtsev, (1877-1954)R
[edit] W
* Jean Wahl, (1888-1974)
* Friedrich Waismann, (1896-1959)
* David Walford
* Alfred Russel Wallace, (1823-1913)R
* Michael Walzer, (born 1935)O
* Ernest Wamba dia Wamba, (born 1942)
* Wang Ch'ung, (27-97)CR
* Wang Fuzhi (or Wang Fu-Chih or Wang Chuanshan), (1619-1692)CR
* Hao Wang, (1921-1995)O
* Wang Pi, (226-249)C
* Wang Yangming, (1472-1529)COR
* James Ward, (1843-1925)C
* Geoffrey J. Warnock, (1923-1996)O
* Mary Warnock, (born 1924)O
* John B. Watson, (1878-1958)O
* Watsuji Tetsuro, (1889-1960)ORS
* Alan Watts, (1915-1973)
* Max Weber, (1864-1920)CORS*
* Eric Weil, (1904-1977)
* Simone Weil, (1909-1943)COR
* Ota Weinberger, (born 1919)R
* Otto Weininger, (1880-1903)
* Christian Hermann Weisse
* Victoria, Lady Welby, (1837-1912)
* Felix Weltsch, (1884- 1964)
* Cornel West, (born 1953)
* Edvard Westermarck, (1862-1939)C
* Hermann Weyl, (1885-1955)R
* Frantisek Weyr (or Franz Weyr), (1879-1951)R
* William Whewell, (1794-1866)CORS
* Benjamin Whichcote, (1609-1683)
* Thomas White, (1593-1676)R
* Alfred North Whitehead, (1861-1947)CORS
* David Wiggins, (born 1933)O
* William of Alnwick, (1270-1333)C
* William of Auvergne, Bishop of Paris, (1180-1249)CRS*
* William of Auxerre, (d. 1231)CR
* William of Champeaux, (c. 1070-1121)RS
* William of Conches, (c. 1080 - 1154)R
* William of Moerbeke, (c. 1215-1286)C
* William of Shyreswood (or William of Sherwood), (1190-1249)CR
* Bernard Williams, (1929-2003)CORS
* Timothy Williamson, (born 1955)
* John Cook Wilson, (1849-1915)C
* Peter Winch, (1926-1997)O
* Wilhelm Windelband, (1848-1915)CS*
* Kwasi Wiredu, (born 1931)
* John Wisdom, (1904-1993)O
* John Witherspoon, (1723-1794)R
* Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, (1885-1939)
* Ludwig Wittgenstein, (1889-1951)CORS
* Adam de Wodeham, (1298-1358)CR
* Christian Wolff, (1679-1754)COR
* William Wollaston, (1659-1724)CR
* Richard Wollheim, (1923-2003)O
* Mary Wollstonecraft, (1759-1797)COR
* Nicholas Wolterstorff, (born 1932)
* Wonchuk, (613-696)R
* Wonhyo Daisa, (617-686)R
* Woo Tsin-hang (or Chih-hui}, (1865-1953)
* Chauncey Wright, (1830-1875)COS
* Crispin Wright, (born 1942)O
* Dorothy Maud Wrinch, (1894-1976)
* Jerzy Wroblewski, (1926-1990)R
* Wilhelm Wundt, (1832-1920)CRS*
* John Wyclif, (c. 1330-1384)CORS
[edit] X
* Xenocrates, (396-314 BC)ORS
* Xenophanes of Colophon, (570-480 BC)CORS
* Xenophon, (427-355 BC)CR
* Xun Zi (or Hsun Tzu), (c. 310-237 BC)CORS*
[edit] Y
* Yajnavalkya, (c. 1800 BC)
* Yang Chu, (370-319 BC)CR
* Yang Xiong (or Yang Hsiung) (53 BC-AD 18)CR
* Yen Yuan (1635-1704)C
* Yi Hwang (or Toegye) (1501-1570)R
* Yi I (or Yi Yulgok or Yi Yi) (1536-1584)R
* Yi Kan (1677-1727)R
* Francis Parker Yockey, (1917-1960)
* Arthur M. Young, (1905-1995)
[edit] Z
* Jacopo Zabarella, (1533-1589)CRS
* Peter Wessel Zapffe, (1899-1990)
* Zeami Motokiyo, (c.1363–c.1443)R
* Eduard Zeller, (1814-1908)
* Zeno of Citium, (333 BC-264 BC)OR
* Zeno of Elea, (circa 495 BC-circa 430 BC)OR
* Zeno of Sidon, (1st century BC)
* Zeno of Tarsus
* Ernst Zermelo, (1871-1953)R
* Philip Zhai
* Zhiyi (538-597)R
* Zhou Guoping
* Zhu Xi (or Chu Hsi), (1130-1200))COR
* Zhuang Zi (or Chuang Tzu or Chuang Chou), (circa 300 BC)COS
* Slavoj Žižek, (1949-)
* Florian Znaniecki, (1882-1958)
* Zongmi (780-841)R
* Zou Yan, (3rd century BC)C
* Xavier Zubiri, (1889-1983)
* La métaphysique et ses diverses branches (« y a-t-il des réalités immatérielles ? », « Dieu existe-il ? », « l'âme est-elle immortelle ? incorporelle ? »)
* l'ontologie, rattachée ou non à la métaphysique selon les interprètes (« qu'est-ce que l'être ?», «Pourquoi y a-t-il de l'être plutôt que rien ? »)
* La philosophie de la religion, partiellement rattachée à la métaphysique puisqu'elle tente de définir le divin et pose la question de l'existence de Dieu, qu'elle double d'une interrogation sur la nature du sacré en général.
* la morale (« Quelle est la fin des actions humaines ? », « le bien et le mal sont-ils des valeurs universelles permettant de définir cette fin ? »)
* l’éthique : discipline pratique et normative permettant de définir la meilleure conduite pour chaque situation.
* La philosophie politique («d'où peut provenir la légitimité du pouvoir ? », « quel est le meilleur régime politique ? » « La morale peut-elle et doit-elle guider l'action politique ? »)
* La philosophie du droit (« quels sont les relations entre Droit et Justice ? », « comment naissent les normes judiciaires ? », « selon quels critères faut-il les juger ? »)
* la gnoséologie ou théorie de la connaissance (« D'où provient la connaissance ? » « Qu'est-ce que la vérité ? »)
* L'esthétique (« Qu'est-ce que le beau ? », « Qu'est-ce que l'art ? »)
* La philosophie de l'esprit (« Quelles sont les relations entre corps et esprit ? » « Comment fonctionne la cognition ? »)
* La philosophie de la logique
* La philosophie de l'action (« la Liberté est-elle illusoire ? »)
* La philosophie de l'histoire (« l'histoire est elle régie par des lois, une nécessité, ou est-elle le fruit absurde de la contingence ? »)
* La philosophie du langage (« Quelles est l'origine du langage ? » « En quoi le langage se distingue-t-il d'autres systèmes de communications ? » « Quelles relations entretiennent langage et pensée ? »)
* L'épistémologie qui est littéralement un discours sur la connaissance (ou encore sur la science dans une acception restreinte assez courante) et rejoint dans ce sens la gnoséologie ou théorie de la connaissance, tout en se référant également à la méthodologie et aux philosophies du langage et de l'action.
Les branches de la philosophie
* L’éthique discipline inséparable de nos jours de la méta-éthique.
* La métaphysique
* La philosophie politique.
* La philosophie du droit.
* L'épistémologie.
* L’esthétique.
* La philosophie de la logique.
* La philosophie de l'action.
* La philosophie du langage.
* La philosophie de l'esprit.
* La philosophie de la religion.
* La philosophie de l'histoire.
* La noétique
* La philosophie de l'art
* La philosophie du temps et de l'espace
Les grands philosophes
Socrate - Platon - Aristote - Épicure - Sénèque - Augustin - Thomas d'Aquin - Érasme - Descartes - Spinoza - Leibniz - Hobbes - Locke - Hume - Kant - Hegel - Marx - Schopenhauer - Kierkegaard - Nietzsche - Bergson - Husserl - Heidegger - Sartre - Wittgenstein - Jankélévitch
Histoire de la philosophie
* Histoire de la philosophie
* La philosophie au siècle des lumières
* Révolution copernicienne
* Origine de la philosophie
Les écoles philosophiques
* Criticisme (Emmanuel Kant)
* Cynisme
* Ecole de Chartres
* Empirisme
* Herméneutique
* Idéalisme
* Immatérialisme
* Nominalisme
* Néo-kantisme (École de Marbourg)
* Néoplatonisme
* Philosophie analytique
* Philosophie de l'existence
* Philosophie postmoderne
* Phénoménologie
* Positivisme
* Rationalisme
* Scolastique
Débats contemporains
* Abolition technologique de la souffrance
* Bioéthique
* Communautarisme
* Droits de l'homme
* Éthique de la discussion
* Euthanasie
* Humanisme évolutif
* Impostures en philosophie
* Interruption volontaire de grossesse
* Modernité
* Philosophie de la laïcité
* Problème corps-esprit
* Relation entre science et foi
* Sécularisation
Philosophies non-occidentales
* Concepts égyptiens
* Philosophie africaine
* Philosophie de l'Inde
* Bouddhisme - Asie
* Philosophie chinoise
* Confucianisme - Asie
* Taoïsme - Asie
* Philosophie vietnamienne
* Philosophie japonaise
* Philosophie juive
* Talmud - Tradition juive
* Philosophie Arabo-Islamique
Oeuvres philosophiques classiques
* La République, Platon
* De l'Âme, Aristote
* Éthique à Nicomaque, Aristote
* La Cité de Dieu, Augustin d'Hippone
* Guide des égarés, Maïmonide
* Somme théologique, Thomas d'Aquin
* Méditations métaphysiques, René Descartes
* Éthique, Baruch Spinoza
* Critique de la raison pure, Emmanuel Kant
* Phénoménologie de l'Esprit, G.W.F Hegel
* Le monde comme volonté et comme représentation , Arthur Schopenhauer
* Par-delà bien et mal, Friedrich Nietzsche
* Être et temps, Martin Heidegger
* l'Être et le Néant, Jean-Paul Sartre
* Investigations philosophiques, Ludwig Wittgenstein
* Le Mot et la Chose, Willard van Orman Quine
* Philosophie première, Vladimir Jankélévitch
Porphyre - Peri tou Plotinou Biou (Viata lui Plotin) (text originar grec)
