International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project

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POLAND




THE CEMETERIES "X"

XIAZ: See Ksiaz Wlkp
XIONS: See Ksiaz Wlkp

THE CEMETERIES "Y"

YADOW: (Yiddish) see Jadow
YANEV SHEDLETZKI: (Yiddish) see Janow Podlaski

YEDWABNE:
53°17' 22°18'
      http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/jedwabne/yed999.html : "Burning Alive" by Andrzej Kaczynski, [Polish newspaper] Rzeczpospolita , May 5, 2000. Translated by: Joanna Zimmerman [2000].
     Another possible source of information about Yedwabne: Marek Jozwiak at marek71@poczta.onet.pl. [January 2001]

THE CEMETERIES "Z"

ZABLUDOWA: see ZABLUDOW

ZABLUDOW also used cemetery at Bialystok II
ZABLUDOW I:     US Commission No. POCE000130
Alternate Yiddish name: Zabludowa. Zabludow is located in Bialystok region at 53º0123º21, 20 km NE of Bialystok. The former cemetery was located at the S part of the town. Present town population is 5,000-25,000 [2,153 in 1993] with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community existed in 1566. 1921 Jewish population was 1817. Hezekiel Heifner and Rabbi Johanan Mirski lived here. The last known Orthodox or Conservative Jewish burial was early in the 19th century. Surrounding villages up to 15km away also used this cemetery. The cemetery occupied 0.6 hectares but it no longer exists. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II.
     Tomasz Wisniewski, ul. Bema 95/99, Bialystok, Tel. 212-46 completed survey in 9/91 and visited in 1989 and 1991.
ZABLUDOW II:     US Commission No. POCE00131
Cemetery is located on in the SW part of the town, by the road to Solniki. Cemetery was established mid-19th century with last known Orthodox, Conservative, or Progressive/Reform burial in 1940. Surrounding villages (up to 15 km away) used this unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated rural flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall, fence or gate. The approximate size of the cemetery before World War II was 0.6 ha and is currently 0.4 ha. 100-500 stones are visible in the cemetery with 1-20 not in original location with less than 25% broken or toppled. The cemetery is not divided into sections. Tombstones date from 1927. The concrete stones (with concrete supports) have Hebrew inscriptions. Some have portraits on stones. There is an ohel for Rabbi Cwikac and no known mass graves. The municipality owns property used for agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural. The cemetery is smaller than it was in 1939, as a result of new roads or highways and agriculture. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. No maintenance. Security is a slight threat.
     Tomasz Wisniewski, Bialystok, ul. Bema 95/99 tel. 212-46 completed survey Sept. 26, 1991. Documentation: "the author's elaboration." He visited the site in 1989 and 1991.
Zabludow Website: http://www.zabludow.com/TownHistory1.html Zabludow Cemeteries: http://www.zabludow.com/CopyofTomb.jpg [2000]
     In his 1998 book entitled Jewish Bialystok , Wisniewski notes on p. 108 that the Jewish presence in Zabludow dates from the 1520s with the kahal formed in 1566. They received the royal privilege in 1635 and founded a cemetery and synagogue. The 1897 Jewish population was 2,621 or 70%. The pre-WWII Jewish population was 2,000. According to the book, Zabludow I was totally destroyed during WWII but a fragment of Zabludow I remains in the SW part of town. Concrete tombs without inscription are found by the road. The ohel of Tazddik Iccok ben Cwi Dov Ber, born in New York and died in 1927 in Zabludow, exists. Local community proposed erecting a stone wall. Jan Leonczuk (tel. 188175) may have additional information.

ZABLUDOWA: (Yiddish) see Zabludow (II)

ZABNO:     US Commission No. POCE000030
In Tarnow. The US Commission is not finished rechecking this file. [2000]
     Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe . New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 79

ZABRZE:
The Lauder Foundation Genealogy Project has lists. See Poland . Also see Bytom and Gliwice (I)
     US Commission No. POCE00257 (Names available from Joel Reisner, Poland .
     In Katowice.The US Commission is not finished rechecking this file. [2000]

ZAGLEMBIE:
The following is a list of Jewish cemeteries in Zaglembie. I have personally visted most of them: Bedzin - ul. Podzamcze, Bedzin - ul. Zawale (now a park), Bedzin - ul. Sielecka (bus terminal), Czeladz - ul. Czealdzka 64 (also used by Bedzin community), Sosnowiec - ul. Gospodarcza 1, Sosnowiec (Modzejow) - ul. Niwka Pastewna, Sosnowiec (Milowice) - ul. Stalowa, Dabrowa Gornicza - ul. Wolka 5, Dabrowa gornicza - ul. Mydlice, Wolbrom - ul. Skalska, Zawiercie - ul. Daszynskiego, Kromolow - ul. Piaskowa 29, Olkusz - ul. Kopalniana, Olkusz - ul. Olowiana, Boleslaw - Krzykawka 139 (used by Slawkow community), I have many photos of these cemeteries. You should also consult the following:
For your information, a book listing every tombtone in the Zawiercie cemetery will be published shortly. Also, I am involved in a project to publish a book on the old Jewish cemetery in Bedzin which dates back to 1808. Anyone interested in this book, please contact me. Jeffrey Cymbler JCYMBLER@aol.com [November 2000 on JewishGen Digest]

ZAGOROW:     US Commission No. POCE000714
The town is located in Konin Voivodship at 52º10' 17º54', 15 km from Stuca and 30 km from Konin. Cemetery is located at Imielno (Kosciolkow). Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      1939 Jewish population was 600 out of 4700 inhabitants. The Nelkens, landowners, silk merchants, and a pharmacist lived there. The unlandmarked cemetery was established in early 19th century. The last Orthodox or Progressive/ Reform burial was in 1939 on the rural crown of a hill. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with a broken fence. Only this remains of the three extant gravestones found in 1965/70. The approximate size of the cemetery before World War II was 0.5 ha., now 0.3 ha. 1-20 stones are in original locations. 100-500 stones were incorporated in the road from Imielno to Zagorow. Only three graves remain. The 20th century flat shaped granite stones have Hebrew and Polish inscriptions. The municipality owns property used for a park. Properties adjacent are agricultural and residential. The cemetery is smaller than in 1939 due to a forest being planted after destruction during World War II. Occasionally, private visitors and local residents. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II, but not in the last 10 years. Since then, local/municipal authorities fenced and cleaned the remaining stones in 1965/70. No one cares for the cemetery. Up to 1945, there was a guardhouse and a pre-burial house on the site. Moderate security threat and slight threats of weather erosion, vegetation and vandalism.
     Lucja Pawlicka-Nowak, 62-510 Konin, ul. 11 Listopada 51/76, tel. #434356 completed survey on September 10, 1992. Documentation: interviews and documentation of WKZ (conservator of monuments of the voivodship.) He visited site on August 27 and Sept. 10 1992 and interviewed Ms. Jadwiga Mikolajczyk (b. 1920) living near the cemetery: Zagoro (Kirchol) ul. Gajowa 4 on Aug. 27, 1992.

ZAGOYNCE: used cemetery at Sedziszow Makopolski

ZAKLICZYN:
The sepulchre is newly restored with solid iron chains at the entrance and monument wall with arches. Well treated by the "gmina (district)". Source: erich.fritsch@sol.at [1999]

ZAKLICZYN: see reference to WWI cemetery in Poland Introduction
     In region Tarnow, 28 km from Nowy Sacz, 26 km from Tarnow. Drive from Zakliczyn town center in the direction of Gromnik, 200m. After the crossing Wojnicz-Nowy Sacz, you pass a school (right-hand side). Turn right into the next lane. About 100m further, you will find the cemetery. I made no contacts with local officials. Cemetery access is open to all. I was told by youths that the community (gminna) takes care of the cemetery. Members of the community may have additional information. 1942 Jewish population (census) was approximately 1200 inhabitants. (See Baedeker Reisefuehrer; Generalgouvernement) Militaerkommando Krakau, Abteilung Kriegsgraeber/Military Command Cracow-War Grave Department, erected the Cemetery for Jewish soldiers killed in action in the years 1914-1915 during WWI. They were members of the Austrian k.u.k. (Imperial and Royal) Infantry Regiment Nr. 30 (Lemberg, L'wow, L'wiw now Ukraina) and Nr.66 (Ungvar, now Uzhgorod, Ukraina), of Tyrolean "Kaiserjaeger" Regiment 1 (Austria), Feldjaegerbataillon Nr 24 (Budapest) and Sappeurbataillon 3 (Gorizia, a divided town, Italy, Slovenia). Date Jewish cemetery was established: between 1915 and 1918, restored 1996 or 1997. Date of the last known Jewish burial in cemetery: between 1915 and 1918. The cemetery is land-marked and in: Die Westgalizischen Heldengraeber aus den Jahren des Weltkriegs 1914-1915 by Captain Hans Hauptmann and Major Rudolf Broch, Krakau 1918, as No. 293. The cemetery is located about 300 m outside of the center of the "rynek". The Jewish cemetery is part of a municipal cemetery. In the above-mentioned book, it is described as part of the Jewish Municipal Cemetery, but only the Military Cemetery exists with no evidence of another cemetery. A front wall, with an inscription and an arch on top of it, surrounds the cemetery. The other sides are stone pillars with iron chains between. The cemetery has non-locking wrought iron gate with a Star of David. At the front wall is an inscription in German: "1914-1915 UNS TOTEN IST NUR DEREN SCHRITT WILLKOMMEN; DIE WUERDIG SIND DER FRUECHTE UNSERER SIEGE." (We dead do welcome only the steps of those, who are worthy the fruits of our victories) At the entrance a Polish epigraph: Zydowski Cmentarz Wojskowy/ z okresu I wojny swiatowej. Present size of cemetery is 20x20m. 11 gravestones exist although the book describes 12 single graves. One has to be at the front wall (maybe an officer). No stones were removed. Somebody has cut the grass. The concrete tombstones in the cemetery date from WWI. 11 gravestones with Star of David but with inscriptions removed. The cemetery contains 12 single graves. The present owner of the cemetery property is Community of Zaklizyn or Polish state. The cemetery property used for military cemetery purposes only. Properties adjacent to the cemetery are agricultural. Compared to 1939, the cemetery boundaries enclose the same area when compared to the picture in the book from 1918. The cemetery was visited by the Austrian organization Oesterreichisches Schwarzes Kreuz, the Austrian pendent of Commonwealth War Grave Commission. The cemetery was not vandalized. Local or municipal authorities care: original shape of 1914-1915; cleaning of stones, clearing of vegetation, and fixing of gate. I was told the community (gminna) takes care. The stones seem like they were cleaned at my visit in July 1997. Current care: Poland Scout groups or school classes or municipal authorities take care annually of WWI military cemeteries. That happened also during the communist regime. Vegetation is a slight threat.
     Dr. Erich Frisch, A-5233 Pischelsdorf b/M. 56, O.Oe. AUSTRIA, 0043-7742-7400. erich.fritsch@sol.at visited the site in July 1997 and completed survey on 15 October 1997. Documentation: Data on fallen soldiers might be found in the archive in Krakow Archiwum panstwowe, Ulica Sienna_16 Fax/Tel. 21-35-44, 22-40-94 or in Kriegsarchiv, Vienna.

ZAKLICZYN: See Brzesko (II)
ZAKLICZYN:     US Commission No. POCE000029
In Tarnow. The US Commission has not completed this survey. [2000]

ZAKLIKOW:     US Commission No. POCE000234
Zaklikow is located in Tarnobrzeg at 50º46 22º07, 24km from Stalowa Wola. The cemetery is located at ul. sw. Anny. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      There is no data on when the earliest Jewish community was established. The Orthodox cemetery was established in the first half of the 19th century. The suburban flat land on outskirts of town, adjacent to the parish Roman Catholic cemetery has no sign, gate, or wall. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The cemetery covers an area of about .7 ha. 1-20 gravestones, some in original locations with more than 75% mere fragments of broken or toppled stones are made of sandstone. Their dates, inscriptions, and engravings are difficult to determine due to deterioration and the overall poor condition of the fragments. Apparent are Hebrew inscriptions. There are no known mass graves. The municipality owns site used for agriculture and waste dumping. Adjacent properties are the Catholic cemetery and residential properties. Rarely, local residents and private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during WWII, and occasionally since, still subject to a moderate vandalism threat. No maintenance.
     Marek Florek of Rudnik, ul. Chopina 12/2, tel. 26 completed survey on 13/11/91. Documentation: Karta ewidencji cmentarza; interview with Honorate Zakoscielna (on 13/11/91), Zaklikow. He visited on 13/11/91.

ZAKOPANA:
"gravestones broken into pieces." Source: Cohen, Chester G. "Jewish Cemeteries in Southern Poland" from `An Epilogue' in Shtetl Finder . 1980.

ZAKRZOWEK: used cemetery at Krasnik

ZALEWO: AS 206
Alternate German name: Saalfeld. Cemetery: Sienkiewicza Street. Cemetery: The town is located in the Voivodship of Olsztyn, 19 36', 53 51', 82 km from Olsztyn. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1816. 1937 Jewish population was 11. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 1st half of the 19th century with last known Orthodox or Progressive/ Reform Jewish burial in the late 1930's. Landmark: the register of monuments of the Voivodship of Olsztyn. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall or fence. The approximate size of the cemetery before World War II and now is 0.10 ha. 20-100 gravestones are in original locations with less than 25% toppled or broken. Tombstones date from 1860-20th century. The sandstone and other materials flat stones with carved relief decoration have Hebrew and German inscriptions. There are no known mass graves or structures. The municipality owns property used only as a Jewish cemetery. Properties adjacent are residential. Rarely, private visitors and local residents visit. Local/municipal authorities clear of vegetation, with occasional clearing by authorities. Vegetation is a seasonal problem, preventing access, and a slight threat. There is also a slight threat of incompatible existing development nearby and a moderate threat of vandalism.
     Wiktor Knercer, 10-685 Olsztyn, ul. Barcza 33m16, tel. 33-86-07 completed survey. Documentation: Frederichs Deutsches Staedtebuch, Stuttgart 1939 and Statistisches Handbuch fuer die Provinz Ostpreussen 1937. Other documentation exists was inaccessible. He visited the site in August 1991.

ZAMBROW:
http://admiral.bptnet.pl/~kirkut/index1.htm [February 2002]
     UPDATE: Cemetery photos at http://www.kirkuty.xip.pl/zambrow.html [January 2006]

ZAMOSC I: AS 207
The town is located in Zamosc province at 50º43' 23º15', 80 km SSE of Lublin. Cemetery is located at junction of Prosta St. and Bochaterow Monte Cassino St. Present town population is 25,000-100,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1583; 1921 Jewish population was 9,383 (census). In 1588, privilege (permission to settle) wasgranted to Jews by Chancellor Jan Zamoyski. Jewish Quarter emerged around Rynek Solny (salt market.) Masonry synagogue 1610-1620 was built at Zydowska (Jewish) St. (now Zamenhoffa St.). The Jewish cemetery was established in 1907 (update: in ul Prosta). Buried there are Epstein and Goldstein families with last known Orthodox Jewish burial in 1941. Landmark: local monument to Nazi victims. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with a continuous fence and non-locking gate. The approximate size of the cemetery before World War II was 1.68 ha, now 0.018 ha. 100 to 500 gravestones, none in original location with more than 75% toppled or broken, date from 1934.The cemetery is not divided into special sections. The granite and sandstone flat shaped and inscribed stones, finely smoothed and inscribed stones or flat stones with carved relief decoration have Hebrew inscriptions. There is a memorial monument to Holocaust victims but no known mass graves. The municipality owns site used only as a Jewish cemetery. Properties adjacent are residential. The cemetery is smaller than before the WWII due to new roads or highways and housing development. Rarely, private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II. Stones have been patched and the wall and gate fixed. The monument and lapidarium were erected in 1950 and a metal fence with a gate put up in 1991. There is no current care. Serious problems include security and weather erosion. Slight threats include pollution, vegetation, vandalism, and incompatible nearby development (existing).
     Malgorzata Radolowicz, ul. Florianska 37 m 3; Krakow completed survey on Aug. 24, 1995. Documentation: PSOZ [Wojewodzki Konserwator Zabytkow Zamosc, "Karta cmentarza" (Cemetery record chart), #32697 completed by M. Fornal, 1992; and "Studium historyczo-urbanistyczne" (Historical Urban Survey) by J.A. Milobedzki, Warsaw, 1953. Other documentation exists. She visited the site on July 24, 1995 and interviewed officers at Preservation Authorities and residents of housing near the cemetery.
ZAMOSC II: AS 208
     Cemetery: Partyzantow St. (at present partially including plot of Wojewodzki Dom Kultury-Voivodship House of Culture) ca. 500m. The unlandmarked cemetery was established at the end of the 17th century with last known Orthodox Jewish burial in 1941. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all.
Before the war, the cemetery comprised 2.8075 ha. Now it is approximately 2.5 ha. No stones or known mass graves exist. The municipality and unknown own site used for recreation. Adjacent property is residential, recreational plots, and fallow land. The cemetery is smaller than it was before WWII due to new roads or highways, housing development, and other public buildings (the House of Culture). The cemetery was vandalized during World War Two but not in the past ten years. There is no maintenance or structures. Security and vandalism are serious threats, due to the risk of uncontrolled excavations and the possibility of grave robbery. Incompatible existing development and vegetation are minor threats.
     Malgorzata Radolowicz visited the site on July 24, 1995. (See Zamosc I)      Source: They Lived Among Us: Polish Judaica, a travel brochure: Arline Sachs, sachs@nova.org extracted names of towns that supposedly have Jewish cemeteries. These generally have names only; sometimes a description of famous people who lived there, but no page number.)
     Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 72-73
      UPDATE: "I am working in conjunction with the Zamosc Survivors Organisation of Tel Aviv. I have started my own Charity called the Yaacov Maggid of Dubno Fund, which is a division of a family charity called Chasdei Avot. We are concerned about restoring and refencing the two Zamosc cemeteries where the Maggid of Dubno, Rabbi Jacob ben Wolf Kranz ztvkl, is buried." Contact Sheila Grossnass, The Yaacov Maggid of Dubno Fund, POB 33628, London N16 6AW U.K. (also concerned about Zhetl (Dyatlovo) Belarus, birthplace of the Dubno Maggid and Chofetz Chaim) Sheila Grossnass at s@grossnassrely.fsnet.co.uk [June 2002]
Old Jewish Cemetery:

UPDATE: The Jewish Cemetery located on ul Partyzantow [ul = Street] in Zamosc has been "landscaped", i.e., all kinds of trees have been planted thereon. Part of this ground is now marked out. It is/was used for a sports field. No gravestones are visible. Some possibly were used to create an unsightly monument of stuck together gravestones that stands in the ul Prosta (newer) Jewish Cemetery in Zamosc. Source: Sheila Grossnass. Email: s@grossnassrely.fsnet.co.uk. [September 2002]

UPDATE: In Poland, Jewish communal property including the burial grounds has been recovered. Most Jewish burial grounds will need to be refenced under the direction of the Union of Jewish Congregations in Poland: P. Kadelcik, President, Union of Jewish Congregations in Poland, Ul Twarda 6, 00950 Warsaw, Poland. Over the past two years, Sheila Grossnass has been trying to begin a restoration and refencing project for the Zamosc burial grounds. The mayor of Zamosc's responsibility for the reclamation.has been transferred to Union of Jewish Congregations in Poland. Claims were submitted including one for the return of the Jewish burial grounds in Zamosc. The tragic consequences of leaving a Jewish Burial Ground unprotected are real. Aside from weather conditions, grave robbing occurs. Reportedly, last year, fragments of Holy Torah scrolls, always traditionally buried in Jewish graveyards, were offered for sale to tourists in the marketplace of Krakow. Areas of the burial grounds are used for development and roads etc. with excavated human remains dumped on waste ground! Existing headstones are a target for thieves, who use them in the construction of their homes and for doorsteps. The grounds are open to wolves and trespassers and human bones in jeopardy. Preservation needs for a Jewish burial ground and a communal Jewish building are two totally different issues. In 1804, Maggidim (Rabbi and Preacher), known as the "Dubno" Maggid, passed away in Zamosc at the age of 63. 17th Teveth 5765 - 27th December 2004 will mark the 200th Yortzeit of the Maggid of Dubno, Rabbi Yaacov ben Zeev (Wolf) Kranz ztvkllh. We intend to make this an occasion to be remembered with the attention of World Jewry focused on the Zamosc Jewish Burial Ground. We will encourage groups to make a pilgrimage to Zamosc to pray and say Kaddish at the site of his grave. Anyone wishing to partidipate in the preservation or commemoration should contact Sheila Grossnass. Source: Sheila Grossnass, s@grossnassrely.fsnet.co.uk [January 2004]
     UPDATE: http://www.polishjews.org/synag/zamosc.htm has synagogue sketch. [August 2005]

ZAMOSCH: See Wronki (II)

ZANIEMYSL:     US Commission No. POCE000447
Alternate German name: Santomisschel or Santomysl. The town is located in Poznan province at 52º10'17º12', 25 km from Poznan. Cemetery: ul. Powslawow(?) Wlkg. Cemetery: Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1834; 1910 Jewish population was 31 (2.2%). The permission to establish a Jewish cemetery was granted in 1787. The unlandmarked cemetery was about 1 km from synagogue. The wooded small rise, separate but near other cemeteries, has no sign or marker. Reached by crossing public forest, access is open to all. There are no gravestones in the cemetery. The stones may have been used to build houses on Szemska St., called "Bethlehem". The municipality owns property used a forest. Properties adjacent are also forest. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II with no maintenance. Vandalism: result of "digged up graves."
     Pniewski Slaciomir, Poznan, ul Pizybysiwzkiego 41/4 completed survey in Aug. 1991 after a visit in 1989. Documentation: 1940 German map and Heppner, A., and Herzberg, J., Aus Vergangenheit und Gegen. Die Juden und die judischen gemeinden in den Posener Landen, 1905-79 , with photos. An interview was conducted with Perczak (see above).

ZARKI: AS 209
Alternate Yiddish name: Z'shorek. The town is located in Czestochowa province at 19º22, 50º38', 40 km from Czestochowa. Cemetery: Polna St. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews. Click for cemetery photos    The earliest known Jewish community was 17th century. 1921 Jewish population was 2536. Orthodox Jews were buried in this cemetery. Landmark: (A-416/87). The isolated suburban flat land has a plaque in Polish mentioning Jews. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall or gate. 500 to 5,000 gravestones, most in original location with 20-100 stones moved but in cemetery and less than 25% toppled or are broken, date from 1840-20th century. The cemetery is not divided into special sections. The limestone and sandstone rough stones or boulders, flat shaped stones, finely smoothed and inscribed stones or flat stones with carved relief decoration have Hebrew inscriptions. There are no known mass graves. The municipality owns property used only as a Jewish cemetery. Adjacent property is residential or "useless." The cemetery is the same size as it was before the war. Occasionally, local residents visit. The cemetery has been vandalized occasionally. Jewish individuals abroad re-erected or patched stones and cleared vegetation about 1982-1985. There is currently no care. Serious threats include security and vandalism. Stones have been stolen from time to time.
          Jan Pawel Woronczak, Sandomierska Str. 21m.1, 02-567 Warszawa; tel.49- 54-62 completed survey. He visited in 1986.
          Czestochowa. Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe . New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 79
          UPDATE: A huge cemetery, in neat rows. One row of the cemetery (far east side) is being encroached by a row of bushes. I took photos of all stones with any characters visible (986 digital jpgs, about 800K each in all). I missed about 6 stones that were totally covered by bushes. Source: Daniel Kazez on JewishGen Digest. [May 2002]
      UPDATE: Burial list is at http://www.benkazez.com/dan/crarg/zarki.php [August 2005].

ZARNOW:     US Commission No. POCE000673
Zarnow is located in Piotrkow at 51º1520º11,40 km from Piotrkow; 34 km from Prezedborz; 18 km from Opoczno. The cemetery is located W of village of Tresta Wesota. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      1921 Jewish population was 1200. The town belonged to the church; and Jewish settlement was prohibited until 1860. No other towns or villages used this unlandmarked Orthodox cemetery. The isolated wooded flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall, fence, or gate. The approximate size of cemetery before WWII and now is about 1 hectares. 1 to 20 sandstone flat shaped stones, none in original location, have Hebrew inscriptions. The cemetery contains no known mass graves or structures. Municipality owns property used for recreation (park, playground, and sports field). Properties adjacent are forest. The cemetery boundaries are unchanged since 1939. Occasionally, local residents stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II with no maintenance. Moderate threat: uncontrolled access.
     Jan Pawel Woronczak, Sandomierska Str. 21m.1, 02-567 Warszawa; tel.49- 54-62 completed survey on 9 Nov 1991. The site was not visited. No interviews.

ZARY K. ZAGANIA:
     Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe . New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 26

ZARZECZE: see Wawolnica
ZARZSYN: also used cemetery at Rymanow

ZATOR:
"mostly destroyed." Source: Cohen, Chester G. "Jewish Cemeteries in Southern Poland" from `An Epilogue' in Shtetl Finder . 1980.

ZAWICHOST:     US Commission No. POCE000235
Zawichost is located in Tarnobrzeg at 50º49 21º51, 29km from Sandomierz. The cemetery is located at ul. Zantek at town outskirts, 100m S of Zawichost-Ozarow road. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1787, when Prosperow colony was established for the exclusive settlement of Jews, who were not let into Zawichost. Later, Prosperow was included within Zawichost. The Orthodox Jewish cemetery was established toward the end of 18th century. The isolated suburban hillside has a plaque in Polish and Hebrew that mentions the Jews and the Holocaust. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with a continuous masonry wall and locking gate. The area of the cemetery, both prior to WWII and presently, is .5 ha. The cemetery contains one gravestone with Hebrew inscriptions fixed into a monument for Holocaust victims. There are no known mass graves. Municipality owns site used for Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are residential. Rarely, organized Jewish group tours and private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II, but not within the last ten years. Jewish groups abroad cleared vegetation and fixed the wall and gate in 1988. A caretaker, paid for by an undetermined Jewish congregation, now regularly maintains the cemetery. Vandalism, vegetation and incompatible development pose only slight threats.
     Marek Florek, 37-420 Rudnik n/Ganem, ul. Chopina 12/2, tel. 26 completed survey in 12/91. Documentation: Karta ewidencji cmentare; Studium histoynio-urbanistynze, W-wa 1954 (mary.). He visited site on 11/12/81.

ZAWIERCIE I:     US Commission No. POCE000565
In Katowickie. The US Commission is not finished rechecking this file. [2000]
There is an old Jewish cemetery. You can see a few Jewish buildings left in the town. No further information given. Source: web. [Sic]
     The following is a list of Jewish cemeteries in Zaglembie. I have personally visted most of them: Bedzin - ul. Podzamcze, Bedzin - ul. Zawale (now a park), Bedzin - ul. Sielecka (bus terminal), Czeladz - ul. Czealdzka 64 (also used by Bedzin community), Sosnowiec - ul. Gospodarcza 1, Sosnowiec (Modzejow) - ul. Niwka Pastewna, Sosnowiec (Milowice) - ul. Stalowa, Dabrowa Gornicza - ul. Wolka 5, Dabrowa gornicza - ul. Mydlice, Wolbrom - ul. Skalska, Zawiercie - ul. Daszynskiego, Kromolow - ul. Piaskowa 29, Olkusz - ul. Kopalniana, Olkusz - ul. Olowiana, Boleslaw - Krzykawka 139 (used by Slawkow community), I have many photos of these cemeteries. You should also consult the following:
     For your information a book listing every tombtone in the Zawiercie cemetery will be published shortly. Also, I am involved in a project to publish a book on the old Jewish cemetery in Bedzin which dates back to 1808. Anyone interested in this book, please contact me. Jeffrey Cymbler JCYMBLER@aol.com [November 2000 on JewishGen Digest]

ZAWIERCIE-KROMOKLOW I:     US Commission No. POCE000548 and (II) POCE000566
In Katowickie.The US Commission is not finished rechecking these files. [2000]

ZAWALE:
A cemetery founded in 1592 was destroyed by the Nazis and is now a park.

ZDUNSKA WOLA:
     (ZDOOYN-skah VAW-lah") In 1806, four Jewish families resided here: Abram Wroclawski, Berek Potocki, Mordka Dajcz and Hilel Bergman. Z-W belonged to the gmina (district) [commune] of Wlask. Shortly, a rapid development of industry began, attracting many Jews. From 1826, an independent commune existed with a wooden synagogue. In 1828, a burial fraternity Chevra Kadisa formed its own cemetery. In 1858, a brick synagogue was constructed. The first Rabbi was Lewi Cybis. During the period between the two World Wars, two Hebrew schools, three Jewish bank cooperatives, a magnificent Kahal building (housing the commune administration and a Talmud-Tora school) existed. In 1939, about 10,000 Jews were among the city's population of 25,000. The synagogue, built next to the railroad station in 1858, is presently a warehouse. The cemetery, founded in 1828, is in Kacza ["Duck"] Street and has an area of 2 hectares. Surrounded by a brick wall, about 400 tombstones were preserved, the oldest dating from 1844. The caretaker is Mrs. Barcz of Z-W. Source: Dan Kij (pron. "Key"); TGHD67A@prodigy.com
     Burchard's book is useful, but full of errors and omissions. Also, much of the information is out of date, as he used (without permission) notes by Jagielski from the seventies and eighties. Nonetheless, I often consult the book as a check; and he has information on monuments that we do not. (US Commission) Source: Samuel Gruber sdgruber@mailbox.syr.edu [date?]
ZDUNSKA W    US Commission No. POCE000679
The town is located in Sieradz region at 51º 36' 18º 56', 50 km from Lodz. Cemetery is located on Kacza St. Present town population is 25,000-100,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 19th century. 1921 Jewish population was 7885 (47.6%). Jewish cemetery was established in 19th century with last known Orthodox, Conservative or Progressive Jewish burial in1942. The isolated urban flat land has a broken masonry wall and non-locking gate. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all. The size of the cemetery before World War II and now is about 2.0 ha. 100-500 gravestones, all in original location with 25 to 50% toppled or broken,. Stones date from 1843 (?) -20th century. Location of removed stones is known but unreported. The cemetery is not divided into special sections. The granite, limestone and sandstone finely smoothed and inscribed stones or flat stones with carved relief decoration have Hebrew, Yiddish, and Polish inscriptions. Some have traces of painting on their surfaces. The cemetery is slightly smaller than it was before World War II. [Sic] There are no known mass graves. The municipality owns property is used only as a Jewish cemetery. Adjacent property is commercial/industrial, agricultural and residential. Occasionally, organized Jewish tour group, organized individual tours, private visitors and local residents visit stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II, but not in the last 10 years. There has been no maintenance. Serious threats include security and vandalism. There are also moderate threats from weather erosion, pollution, vegetation, incompatible existing development and proposed development.
     Adam Penkalla, deceased, completed survey in Nov. 1992. He used private documentation, visited the site, and conducted interviews (details not given).
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/wagner/ZdunskaWola/Contents.htm .
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/wagner/ZdunskaWola/cemetery.htm Cemetery [October 2000].

ZDUNY: used cemetery at Krotoszyn

ZELECHOW:     US Commission No. POCE000586
Zelchow is located in Siedlechie province, 97 km from Warsaw and 27 km from Garwolin. The cemetery is located in at Chlopichiego, Reymonta, and Bema Streets. Present town population is 5,000-25,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.      The Jewish population before WWII was 6000 persons. The isolated urban hillside and crown of a hill has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is entirely closed. The cemetery has wire net on concrete poles and two gates that lock. The size today and before WWII was 1.5 hectare. 100-500 stones are visible with 20-100 in original position and fewer than 25% toppled or broken date from first half of 19th century. The granite and sandstone rough stones/boulders, flat-shaped stones, finely smoothed and inscribed stones, or flat stones with carved relief decoration have Yiddish inscriptions. No known mass graves. The municipality owns property used for Jewish cemetery only. Adjacent properties are residential. Rarely, private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during WWII. Care was wire-net fencing done in the 1960s and occasional clearing by authorities. No structures. Weather erosion and vegetation are moderate threats. Vandalism and pollution are slight threats. Vegetation overgrowth is a seasonal problem, preventing access.
     Cezary Ostas, Siedlce, ul. Pomorska 1/68, tel. 290-95 completed this survey on 19 Oct 1992 using the urban-historical study by Maria Danksza and Jerzy Debski, Siedlce 1987, available in the conservator's office. He visited the site on 19 Dec 1992 and interviewed Jan Osowiecki, Siedlce on 19 Oct 1992.

ZELOW:     US Commission No. POCE000672
Zelow is located in Piotrkow. The town is located at 51º28 19º14, 39 km from Piotrkow; 53 km from Lodz. The cemetery is located at Lesna Str., near No. 36. Present town population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews.      1921 Jewish population was 1816, 30%. The last known Jewish burial was in during the WWII when some Orthodox Jews were killed by the Germans were buried in the unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall, fence, or gate. The approximate size of cemetery is now 0.5 ha hectares. There are no stones. The cemetery contains unmarked mass graves but no structures. Municipality owns property used for industrial or commercial use and sandpit. Properties adjacent are commercial or industrial and agricultural. The cemetery boundaries are smaller now than 1939 because of sandpit. Rarely, local residents visit. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II and never in 1981-91 with no maintenance. This cemetery is completely destroyed.
     Jan Pawel Woronczak, Sandomierska Str. 21 m. 1, 02-567 Warszawa; tel. 49-54-62 completed survey on 10 Nov 1991. The site was not visited. No interviews.

ZEMPELBURG: (German) see Sepolno Krajenskie

ZERKOW:
This was one of the oldest and largest(?) Jewish cemeteries in Poland and Nowe Miasto nad Wartaw was a cemetery on the hill. Unfortunately all was destroyed during WW II, so nothing can be found. Source: Evelien. evelien.van.zetten@tip.nl. [January 2004]
      UPDATE: The cemetry was placed where now are common woods. It was one of the oldest in Poland, founded in the 14th century. It was destroyed in 1940. During WW II. the houses of the Jews and the synagogue were destroyed. In a book I have are some stones with Hebrew text. However, we looked several times in this street and found a new house. No-one we asked knows anything about those stones. Maybe we sometime will have enough courage to ask the people who live in that house if we can see their garden. Photo Donor: evelien.van.zetten@tip.nl. [February 2004]

ZGIERZ: US Commission No. POCE00057, See Lodz
The town is located in the Lodz region, 51º 51 19º 26, 5 km from Lodz. Cemetery is located on Barona St. Present town population is 25,000-100,000 with less than 10 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1824. 1931 Jewish population was 4,547. Dawid Frischmann, 1859-1922, poet, lived here. Jewish cemetery was established in 1st half of the 19th century with last known Orthodox or Conservative Jewish burial 1939-1945. Landmark: Official Register of Jewish Cemeteries, 1981. The isolated urban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall fence, or gate. The size of the cemetery before World War II was and is now 1.5 ha. There are no visible gravestones or known mass graves. The municipality owns property used for a playground. Adjacent property is residential. Rarely, private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II and occasionally since with no maintenance. No structures. Slight threats are security and vandalism.
     Pawel Fijalkowski, ul. Ziemchita 11, 96-500 Sochacrew, tel. 227-91 completed survey using documentation from his own archives and visited the site in April 1991.
     Near Lodz, the Jewish cemetery is walled in, but has no grave markers. A "Milgrom" family from Toronto, in memory of their father who was from Zgierz, erected the walls several years ago. I do not know how many people are interred there. The person who helped us find it was a gentleman named Bolak (Ben) Zajac at the "Our Roots" Jewish tour company in Warsaw. He asked directions from numerous people to find it, as it is not obvious once in Zgierz. Source: Lawrence Riesenbach, Riesenbach@aol.com
     Jacob Milogrom of Canada had the cemetery fenced in 1992 and had a commemorative monument erected. Source:     US Commission [date?]
     UPDATE: A large cemetery enclosed by a beautiful wall. No stones are left, as far as I could see. (Note, however, that I viewed the cemetery grounds by looking through the fence.) Source: Daniel Kazez on JewishGen Digest. [May 2002]
     UPDATE: "I have just come back from Zgierz. I spent two weeks there photographing the town and researching its history, and in particular looking at traces of the Jewish community. I am particularly grateful to Mazenna Gruszczewska, from the Association for Cultural Preservation of the City of Zgierz, for all her help and explanations, and also to Joanna Kruczkowska, for translating. (Burning of the Zgierz Synagogue, Sept 1939) With regard to the Jews of Zgierz, there is really nothing left expect the empty, trash-strewn lot that was the cemetery. In 1992, a low wall was built enclosing about one quarter of the cemetery, with a memorial stone placed inside. (This was built by Jakuba Milgroma from Toronto, in memory of his father, who was buried there in 1939.) Otherwise, the lot is open to the road. Part of it is used as an impromptu parking lot for the town's employment agency across the road. Another part of the cemetery has fine sand that is often dug up by neighbors for use in mixing cement. And finally it is used as a general repository of miscellaneous trash. Though the grave stones are said to be long gone, Mazenna Gruszczewska has located several used to pave the driveway of a house across from the cemetery. The owner of the house has so far been uncooperative in giving access for a closer examination of the stones. Given the conditions described above, I feel it important to take care of the cemetery as soon as possible. Mazenna Gruszczewska has plans for a commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the annihilation of the Jews of Zgierz, in December 2009, which would include a more permanent restoration of the cemetery to be decided upon by the descendants of the Jewish community of Zgierz. But I feel that it is important to at least fence oMff the area already now, to protect the grounds from further vandalism.If we can raise some money to do this, Mazenna Gruszczewska has very generously offered to take care of it. As a first step she will get cost estimates for the fencing, and she has a group of students who would clean up the trash before the area is fenced off. I have also asked her, when the time is right, to approach the neighbor about the tombstones. (It might be necessary to "compensate" this person, to induce him to accept the stones' removal.) I would like to ask for your help in this endeavor." Source: Mikael Levin, New York mail@mikaellevin.com and www.mikaellevin.com. He has photographs to share. [May 2005]

ZGIEVZ:  see Zgierz
ZHOLIN: see Zolynia
ZHOLINIA: see Zolynia
ZICHENAU: See Ciechanow (I) and (II)

ZIEBICE:     US Commission No. POCE000514
Alternate name: Muensterberg (German). Located in Walbrzych. The US Commission has not finished rechecking this file.
ZIELENZIG: see Sulecin

ZIELUN OSADA GM. LUBOWIDZ:     US Commission No. POCE000376
Zielun Osada gm. Lubowidz is located in Chiechanow at 53º10 19º51, 10 km from Lidzbark Welski. The cemetery is located opposite no. 39 estate on a cart-track found on the left side of the road if one enters Zielun from the direction of Zuromin. Present population is under 1,000 people with no Jews. 1921 Jewish population (census) was 366. The cemetery was established in the 19th century with last known Orthodox, Sephardic Orthodox, Conservative, or Progressive/Reform Jewish burial in 1942. The cemetery was located on an isolated hillside now overgrown by forest with no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall, gate, or fence. There are no visible gravestones; and the exact size of the cemetery, both before World War II and now, is unknown. Vegetation overgrowth in the cemetery is a constant problem that disturbs graves. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II, but not in the last ten years with no maintenance. There are no structures or known mass graves. The unknown owner uses property for agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Rarely, private visitors and local residents stop.
     Wojciech Henrykowski, ul. Spoldzielcza 20, 06-200 Makow Mazowiecki completed survey on 4 September 1991. He visited the site on 3 September 1991. The employees of the communal office in Lubowidz, Dzioldowo, and Lidzbark were interviewed.

ZIRKE: (German) see Sierakow

ZLOCKZEW:     US Commission No. POCE00691
The town is located in Sieradz region at 51º 25' 18º37', 23 km from Sieradz. Cemetery is located on Cegielniana St. Present town population is 1,000-5,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 16th century (1580?). 1921 Jewish population was 1,959 Jews (39.9%). Jewish cemetery was established in 16th century with last known Orthodox or Conservative Jewish burial 1942. Between fields and woods, the isolated flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall fence or gate. Currently, the cemetery is about 1 ha. 1-20 visible limestone and sandstone flat stones with carved relief decoration, all in original location with less than 25% of the stones toppled or broken, date from the 20th century. The cemetery is not divided into sections. The cemetery contains special memorial monuments to Holocaust victims but no known mass graves. The municipality owns the cemetery used for crops or animal grazing. Adjacent properties are agricultural and residential. Occasionally, organized Jewish group tours, individual tours, private and local visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II, but not in the last 10 years with no maintenance. Serious threats are security and vandalism. Vegetation and water drainage are serious seasonal problems. Incompatible existing nearby development is a moderate threat; proposed development is a slight threat.
     Adam Penkalla, deceased, completed survey in Nov. 1992. He used private documentation and visited the site.

ZLOTOW:     US Commission No. POCE000418
Alternate German name: Flatow, Judenberg. Town is located in Pila at 53º 22 N 17º 02 E. The cemetery is located in N part of town. Present population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews.      Jews lived there since the 16th century. Rabin Jakub Feiwil (d. 1694) and Rabin A. Beth (d. 1774) lived here. Progressive/Reform Jews used the unlandmarked cemetery. The isolated suburban crown of a hill has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall, fence, or gate. Before WWII and now the size is .48 ha. No stones are visible. Some stones are in the open-air museum in Osiek, specifically the matzevot of two people. The municipality owns the property, not used. Adjacent land is agricultural, residential and forest. Local residents rarely visit. It was vandalized during WWII. No structures and no threats.
     Henryk Grecki, 70-534 Szczecin, ul Soltysia 3113; tel. 377-41 completed survey Oct. 8, 1988. He did not visit.

ZMIGROD NOWY:
http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/zmigrod/zmigrod.htm [October 2000]

ZNEJN: See Znin

ZNIN:     US Commission No. POCE000612
Alternate name: Znejn. The town is located in Bydgoskie, Paluki at 52º 51'17º 43', 43 km from Bydgoszcz. Cemetery: Mickiewicza St. Present town population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1449. 1928 Jewish population was 23. Jewish cemetery was established in 18th or 19th century. The isolated suburban hillside by water has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall or gate. The size of the cemetery before World War II was and is now 0.23 ha. There are no visible gravestones or known mass graves. Municipality owns site used for agriculture. Nearby properties are agricultural and residential. The cemetery is visited rarely. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II with no maintenance. Security, weather erosion and incompatible existing development are considered slight threats.
     Magdalena Grabowska, Bydgoszcz ul. Sanatoryjna 40, tel. 277335 completed survey on Oct. 30 1992 after a visit to the site on the same day. She used the card of the cemetery 1988 WKZ Bydgoszcz as documentation.

ZOLYNIA:     US Commission No. POCE000784
Located in Rzeszow St. region at 50º10 2º19, 30 km N of Rzeszow. Cemetery: Mickiewicza Str. Present population is 5000-25000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community dates from the 18th century. 1939 Jewish population was 2000. The cemetery was established in the l9th/20th century with last known Progressive/Reform Jewish burial in 1939. The cemetery is 1 km from the congregation. The isolated suburban/ rural flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open with permission with a continuous fence and locking gate. The present size is 660 m2. 1-20 gravestones date from the 20th century. [SIC: It also says that none are in the original location and none are not in the original location.] The granite finely smoothed and inscribed stones have Polish inscriptions. There are no known mass graves or structures.
     Municipality owns site used as a Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are agricultural or residential. Occasionally, organized Jewish groups, organized individual tours, or private visitors stop. Cemetery was vandalized during World War II, but not in the last 10 years. Local non-Jewish residents fixed gate and the wall in 1991. Individuals occasionally clean the cemetery. Josef Waldman (Germany) pays a caretaker. There are no threats.
     Natascha Rode, 35-213 Rzeszow, at Starzynsuiego 5/29 completed survey in June 1992. She interviewed. Piotr Toker, 37-110 Zotynia, Rynek 22 and visited the site.
      http://www.zolynia.org/ . In SE Poland, on the road between Lancut and Lezajsk. Alternate names: Wies Zolynia, Zolynia, Zolynia Miasteczko, Zholinia, Zholin, Zolinia
      http://www.zolynia.org/zolynia2002/images-zolynia-cemetery-1.htm has cemetery description and photos [February 2003]
     Cemetery in NY: http://www.zolynia.org/ [February 2001].
      http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Kolbuszowa (Shtetlink) [November 2002]

ZOLYNIA MIASTECZKO: see ZOLYNIA
ZOPPOT: See Sopot

ZORY:     US Commission No. POCE000540
In Katowickie. The US Commission has not finished rechecking this file. [2000]
Also used cemetery at Mikolow (according to Miolow info.)

Z'SHOREK: (Yiddish) see Zarki
ZUELZ: (German) See Biala

ZUROMIN:     US Commission No. POCE000377
Zuromin is located in Ciechanow at 53º04 19º55, 35 km from Mlawa. Cemetery: Zeromskiego Str. Present population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community is 1865. 1931 Jewish population (census) was 1959. The Orthodox, Sephardic Orthodox, Conservative, and Progressive/Reform cemetery was established in the 19th century with the last known Jewish burial in 1939. The isolated suburban flat land has no sign or marker. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with no wall, gate, or fence. The size of the cemetery, both before World War II and now, is 0.87 hectares. There are no visible gravestones in the cemetery. One of the stones was moved to No. 6A Worynskiego Street. Vegetation overgrowth in the cemetery is a seasonal problem that prevents access. The cemetery was vandalized during World War II, but not in the last ten years with no maintenance. There are no structures or known mass graves. The municipality owns the property used both as a Jewish cemetery and for waste dumping. Properties adjacent the cemetery are commercial, industrial, and agricultural. Rarely, private visitors and local residents stop. The greatest threat is illegal dumping site.
     Wojciech Henrykowski, ul. Spoldzielcza 20, 06-200 Makow Mazowieck completed survey on 4 September 1991. Slownik Geograficzny Kioleslwa Polskiego I Innycz Knajow Slowiauskich l. XIV. 1895 was documentation. The site was visited on 4 September 1991 and the employees of the communal office in Zuromin were interviewed.

ZUZMIR:
Broken gravestone fragments were in the ground. There was a monument made of gravestones. Source: Cohen, Chester G. "Jewish Cemeteries in Southern Poland" from `An Epilogue' in Shtetl Finder . 1980.

ZVOLIN: (Yiddish) see Zwolen
ZWIERCEU: see Sedziszow Makopolski

ZWIERZYNIEC: AS 210
Zwierzyniec is located in Zamosc region at 50º37 22º58, 20 km WSW of Zamosc. The cemetery is E from town's center, with 2nd of February St at the end on the opposite side of railway tracks. Present town population is 5000-25000 with no Jews.      Earliest known Jewish community dates from first half of 17th century. 1921 Jewish population (census) was 1100. The cemetery was established in the mid-19th century with last known Orthodox Jewish burial 1943. Landmark: official monument record # A/480/90. The isolated rural flat land has no marker. Reached by crossing private property, access is open to all with no fence or gate. The size before WWII and now is 0.5 hectares. 1-20 stones, some in original locations with less than 25% toppled or broke, date from the 19th century. The sandstone finely smoothed/inscribed stones or flat stones with carved relief decoration have Hebrew inscriptions. There are no known mass graves. Municipality owns site used as a Jewish cemetery only. Properties adjacent are either agricultural or residential. Rarely, private visitors stop. The cemetery was vandalized during WWII. Stones have been re-erected. There is a very serious threat because of uncontrolled access (removal of stones for construction) and a moderate or small threat from vandalism, weather erosion and vegetation.
     Malgorzata Radolowicz-Buzikiewicz, Florianska 37/3, 31-019 Krakow, Phone # (0-12) 215748 completed survey and visited site on September 28, 1995. Documentation: PSOZ (Wojewodzki Konserwator Zabytkow (State Preservation Authority, Conservation Officer for Woiwodship) Zamosc, "Karta cmentarza (cemetery record chart) #2202 filled by S. Twardowski, 1984. Interviews were also conducted with officers at Preservation Authorities and residents of housing nearby the cemetery.

ZWOLEN:     US Commission No. No. POCE00086
Alternate Yiddish name: Zvolin. Zwolen is in Radomskie region at 51º22N 21º35E, 121 km. from Warsaw and 58 km from Radom. The cemetery is on Gwaudin Ludowej Str. Present population is 5000-25000 with no Jews.      Earliest known Jewish community and establishment of the unlandmarked cemetery were about 1590. 1921 Jewish population was 3787, 51.2%. Last known Conservative Jewish burial was 1942. The isolated urban flat land by the water has no sign or marker. Reached by turning off a public road, access is open to all with no gate or fence. Before WWII and now it is about 2 hectares in size. No stones are visible. Stones removed from the cemetery are incorporated into roads (Zwolen-Putawy). There are no known mass graves. The cemetery property is used as a recreational area. Properties adjacent to it are agricultural and residential. Frequently, private Jewish visitors and local residents visit the park. No structures. It was vandalized during WWII with no maintenance. Vegetation and incompatible existing development are moderate threats. Vegetation and planned development are slight threats.
     Adam Penkalla, deceased, completed this survey on August 22, 1991, (see above)

ZYCHLIN:     US Commission No. POCE000629
Zychlin is located in region Plockie at 52º14 19º35, 32 km from Plockie and 55km from Lodz. The cemetery location is ulica Lukasinskiego. Present town population is 5,000-25,000 with no Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community was 1734. 1921 Jewish population was 2701. The Jewish cemetery was established probably at the first half of the 18th century with last known Orthodox or Conservative Jewish burial 1939-1945. Landmark: official register of Jewish cemeteries of 1981. The isolated suburban crown of a hill has a sign in Polish. Reached by turning directly off a public road, access is open to all with a continuous fence and non-locking gate. The present and pre-World War II size of the cemetery is l.25 hectares. 1-20 stones, some in original locations with less than 25% toppled or removed date from 1830-20th century. Thegranite or sandstone rough stones or flat stones with carved relief decoration have Hebrew inscriptions. There is a special memorial monument to Holocaust victims, but no known mass graves or structures. The municipality owns site used only for a Jewish cemetery. Properties adjacent are residential. Occasionally, organized tours or private visitors stop. It was vandalized during WWII. Association of the former inhabitants of Zychlin now living in Israel in 1989 fixed the wall and gate and cleared vegetation. Authorities occasionally clear or clean. No threats.
     Pawel Fijalkowski, 96-500 Sochaczew Ulica Zienowita 11, Tel. 227-91 conducted survey on November 9, 1991. He did not visit the cemetery but used his personal photo archives as documentation.

ZYRARDOW:     US Commission No. POCE000221
Zyrardow is located in Wojewodzwo Skierniewickie at 52º3 20º26, 43 km from Warsaw and 73km from Lodz. The address of the cemetery is Ulica Mireckiego 3. Present population is 25,000-100,000 with fewer than 10 Jews.      The earliest known Jewish community is 1874. 1931 Jewish population was 2726. Mieczyslaw Oksner (2 M. 1944) a member of the staff of Pracownik College de France, lived here. The Orthodox, Conservative and Progressive/Reform cemetery was established after 1874 with last known burial 1939-1945. Landmark: the official registrar of Jewish cemeteries, 1981. The urban flat land, separate but near other cemeteries, has no sign or marker. Reached by crossing private property, access open to all with a continuous fence and locking gate. Before WWII and now the size was an approximately .86 hectare. 100-500 gravestones, 1-20 not in original locations and 25-50% toppled or broken, date from 1880-20th century. The cemetery is divided into a men and women's section. The marble, granite or sandstone rough stone or boulders, flat, some have carved relief decorations or sculpted or multi-stone monuments have Hebrew/Yiddish/Polish inscriptions. Some have metal fences around graves. There is a special monument to Holocaust victims. The municipality owns cemetery. Properties adjacent are residential. Frequently, private visitors, both Jewish and non-Jewish, visit. It was vandalized during WWII. Zyrardow Club, New York did restoration in 1968 and 1985, including clearing vegetation and fixing wall. A regular caretaker is paid by contributions from visitors. Within the cemetery is the gravedigger house that used to be the pre-burial house. No threats.
     Pawel Fijalkowski, 96-500 Sochaczew ul. Ziemowita 11, Tel. 227-91 completed survey on September 11, 1991 after visiting the site. A photographic archive was also used. An interview was conducted with Genowepa Kubiak, ul. Mireckiego 3, Zyrardow.
     Source: Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. p. 79

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