Properties of Detergents (Amphiphiles)
from Dr. Shaun D. Black (University of Texas Health Center at Tyler)

Non-Ionic Detergents

Detergent Name † Purity ‡ MW (monomer) CMC (mM)§ CMC Conditions Aggreg-
ation # MW (micelle)

APO-10 M 218.3 4.6 50 mM Na⁺ 131 28,597

APO-12 M 246.4 0.568 50 mM Na⁺ 2232 549,965

BRIJ-35 (C₁₂E₂₃) M 1200 (avg) 0.09 50 mM Na⁺ 40

C₈E₆ M 9.9 25º C 32 13,000

C₁₀E₆ M 427.1 0.9 50 mM Na⁺ 40 17,084

C₁₀E₈ M 515.1

C₁₂E₆ M 451.1 0.087 50 mM Na⁺

C₁₂E₈ (Atlas G2127) M 539.1 0.11 50 mM Na⁺ 123 66,309

C₁₂E₉ M 583.1 0.08 50 mM Na⁺

C₁₂E₁₀ (Brij 36T) M 0.2

C₁₆E₁₂ M 0.0023 25º C 152 117,000

C₁₆E₂₁ M 0.0039 25º C 70 82,000

Cyclohexyl-n-ethyl-
ß-D-Maltoside M 452.5 120 50 mM Na⁺

Cyclohexyl-n-hexyl-
ß-D-Maltoside M 508.6 0.56 50 mM Na⁺

Cyclohexyl-n-methyl-
ß-D-Maltoside M 438.5 340 50 mM Na⁺

n-Decanoylsucrose M 496.6 2.5 50 mM Na⁺

n-Decyl-ß-
D-glucopyranoside M 320.4 2.2 50 mM Na⁺

n-Decyl-ß-
D-maltopyranoside M 482.6 1.6 50 mM Na⁺

n-Decyl-ß-
D-thiomaltoside M 498.6 0.9 50 mM Na⁺

Digitonin M 1229.3 60 70,000

n-Dodecanoyl
sucrose M 524.6 0.3 50 mM Na⁺

n-Dodecyl-ß-
D-glucopyranoside M 348.5 0.13 50 mM Na⁺ 70,000

n-Dodecyl-ß-
D-maltoside M 348.5 0.15 50 mM Na⁺ 98 70,000

Genapol C-100 P 627 (avg) 50,000

Genapol X-80 P 553 (avg) 0.06-0.15 50 mM Na⁺

Genapol X-100 P 641 (avg) 0.15 50 mM Na⁺ 88 56,000

HECAMEG M 335.4 19.5 50 mM Na⁺

Heptane-1,2,3-triol M 148.2

n-Heptyl-ß-
D-glucopyranoside M 278.3 79 50 mM Na⁺

n-Heptyl-ß-D-
thioglucopyranoside M 294.3 30 50 mM Na⁺

LUBROL PX P 582 0.006 50 mM Na⁺ 110 64,000

MEGA-8 (Ocatanoyl-
N-methylglucamide) M 321.5 58 50 mM Na⁺

MEGA-9 (Nonanoyl-
N-methylglucamide) M 335.5 19-25 50 mM Na⁺

MEGA-10 (Decanoyl-
N-methylglucamide) M 349.5 6-7 50 mM Na⁺

n-nonyl-ß-D-
glucopyranoside M 306.4 6.5 50 mM Na⁺

Nonidet P-10 (NP-10) P

Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) M 603.0 0.05-0.3 50 mM Na⁺ 100-155

n-Octanoyl-ß-D-
glucoslyamine (NOGA) M 305.4 80 50 mM Na⁺

n-Octanoyl
sucrose M 468.5 24.4 50 mM Na⁺

n-Octyl-alpha-
D-glucopyranoside M 292.4 20

n-Octyl-ß-D-
glucopyranoside M 292.4 25 50 mM Na⁺ 27 7,895

n-Octyl-ß-D-
maltopyranoside M 454.5 23.4 50 mM Na⁺

PLURONIC F-68 P 8400 (avg)

PLURONIC F-127 P 12,600
(avg)

THESIT 583 0.1 50 mM Na⁺

TRITON X-100 (tert-C₈-Ø-E_9.6;
like NP-40) P 650 (avg) 0.3 50 mM Na⁺ 140 90,000

TRITON X-100
hydrogenated P 631 (avg) 0.25 50 mM Na⁺

TRITON X-114 (tert-C₈-Ø-E_7-8) P 537 (avg) 0.35 50 mM Na⁺

TWEEN 20 (C₁₂-
sorbitan-E₂₀;
Polysorbate 20) P 1228 (avg) 0.059 50 mM Na⁺

TWEEN 40 (C₁₆-
sorbitan-E₂₀) P 0.027

TWEEN 60 (C₁₈-
sorbitan-E₂₀) P 0.025

TWEEN 80 (C_18:1-
sorbitan-E₂₀) P 1310 (avg) 0.012 50 mM Na⁺ 58 75,980

n-Undecyl-ß-D-
maltoside M 496.6 0.59 50 mM Na⁺

Non-Ionic Detergents
Detergent Name †	Purity ‡	MW (monomer)	CMC (mM)§	CMC Conditions	Aggreg- ation #	MW (micelle)
APO-10	M	218.3	4.6	50 mM Na⁺	131	28,597
APO-12	M	246.4	0.568	50 mM Na⁺	2232	549,965
BRIJ-35 (C₁₂E₂₃)	M	1200 (avg)	0.09	50 mM Na⁺	40
C₈E₆	M		9.9	25º C	32	13,000
C₁₀E₆	M	427.1	0.9	50 mM Na⁺	40	17,084
C₁₀E₈	M	515.1
C₁₂E₆	M	451.1	0.087	50 mM Na⁺
C₁₂E₈ (Atlas G2127)	M	539.1	0.11	50 mM Na⁺	123	66,309
C₁₂E₉	M	583.1	0.08	50 mM Na⁺
C₁₂E₁₀ (Brij 36T)	M		0.2
C₁₆E₁₂	M		0.0023	25º C	152	117,000
C₁₆E₂₁	M		0.0039	25º C	70	82,000
Cyclohexyl-n-ethyl- ß-D-Maltoside	M	452.5	120	50 mM Na⁺
Cyclohexyl-n-hexyl- ß-D-Maltoside	M	508.6	0.56	50 mM Na⁺
Cyclohexyl-n-methyl- ß-D-Maltoside	M	438.5	340	50 mM Na⁺
n-Decanoylsucrose	M	496.6	2.5	50 mM Na⁺
n-Decyl-ß- D-glucopyranoside	M	320.4	2.2	50 mM Na⁺
n-Decyl-ß- D-maltopyranoside	M	482.6	1.6	50 mM Na⁺
n-Decyl-ß- D-thiomaltoside	M	498.6	0.9	50 mM Na⁺
Digitonin	M	1229.3			60	70,000
n-Dodecanoyl sucrose	M	524.6	0.3	50 mM Na⁺
n-Dodecyl-ß- D-glucopyranoside	M	348.5	0.13	50 mM Na⁺		70,000
n-Dodecyl-ß- D-maltoside	M	348.5	0.15	50 mM Na⁺	98	70,000
Genapol C-100	P	627 (avg)				50,000
Genapol X-80	P	553 (avg)	0.06-0.15	50 mM Na⁺
Genapol X-100	P	641 (avg)	0.15	50 mM Na⁺	88	56,000
HECAMEG	M	335.4	19.5	50 mM Na⁺
Heptane-1,2,3-triol	M	148.2
n-Heptyl-ß- D-glucopyranoside	M	278.3	79	50 mM Na⁺
n-Heptyl-ß-D- thioglucopyranoside	M	294.3	30	50 mM Na⁺
LUBROL PX	P	582	0.006	50 mM Na⁺	110	64,000
MEGA-8 (Ocatanoyl- N-methylglucamide)	M	321.5	58	50 mM Na⁺
MEGA-9 (Nonanoyl- N-methylglucamide)	M	335.5	19-25	50 mM Na⁺
MEGA-10 (Decanoyl- N-methylglucamide)	M	349.5	6-7	50 mM Na⁺
n-nonyl-ß-D- glucopyranoside	M	306.4	6.5	50 mM Na⁺
Nonidet P-10 (NP-10)	P
Nonidet P-40 (NP-40)	M	603.0	0.05-0.3	50 mM Na⁺	100-155
n-Octanoyl-ß-D- glucoslyamine (NOGA)	M	305.4	80	50 mM Na⁺
n-Octanoyl sucrose	M	468.5	24.4	50 mM Na⁺
n-Octyl-alpha- D-glucopyranoside	M	292.4	20
n-Octyl-ß-D- glucopyranoside	M	292.4	25	50 mM Na⁺	27	7,895
n-Octyl-ß-D- maltopyranoside	M	454.5	23.4	50 mM Na⁺
PLURONIC F-68	P	8400 (avg)
PLURONIC F-127	P	12,600 (avg)
THESIT		583	0.1	50 mM Na⁺
TRITON X-100 (tert-C₈-Ø-E_9.6; like NP-40)	P	650 (avg)	0.3	50 mM Na⁺	140	90,000
TRITON X-100 hydrogenated	P	631 (avg)	0.25	50 mM Na⁺
TRITON X-114 (tert-C₈-Ø-E_7-8)	P	537 (avg)	0.35	50 mM Na⁺
TWEEN 20 (C₁₂- sorbitan-E₂₀; Polysorbate 20)	P	1228 (avg)	0.059	50 mM Na⁺
TWEEN 40 (C₁₆- sorbitan-E₂₀)	P		0.027
TWEEN 60 (C₁₈- sorbitan-E₂₀)	P		0.025
TWEEN 80 (C_18:1- sorbitan-E₂₀)	P	1310 (avg)	0.012	50 mM Na⁺	58	75,980
n-Undecyl-ß-D- maltoside	M	496.6	0.59	50 mM Na⁺

Ionic Detergents

Detergent Name † Purity ‡ MW (monomer) CMC (mM)§ CMC Conditions Aggreg-
ation # MW (micelle)

Caprylic acid, Na⁺
salt (n-octanoate) M 166.2 351

Cetylpyridinium
chloride M 274.0 0.90

CTAB (Cetyltri-
methylammonium bromide) M 364.5 1.0 50 mM Na⁺ 170 62,000

Cholic acid, Na⁺ salt M 430.6 4 50 mM Na⁺ 3 1200

Decanesulfonic acid,
Na⁺ salt M 244.3 32.6

Deoxycholic acid,
Na⁺ salt (DOC) M 414.6 1.5 50 mM Na⁺ 5 2000

Digitonin P 1229 0.087 60 70,000

Dodecyltrimethyl-
ammonium bromide M 308.4 14

Glycocholic acid,
Na⁺ salt M 487.6 7.1 50 mM Na⁺ 2.1 1000

Glycodeoxycholic
acid, Na⁺ salt M 471.6 2.1 50 mM Na⁺ 2.1 1000

Lauroylsarcosine,
Na⁺ salt (Sarkosyl) M 293.4 2 900

Lithium n-dodecyl sulfate M 272.3 6-8 50 mM Na⁺

Lysophosphatidyl-
choline (16:0) M 495.7 0.007 186 92,000

Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Lauryl sulfate, Na⁺ salt) M 288.5 2.30 50 mM Na⁺ 84 24,200

Taurochenodeoxy-
cholic acid, Na⁺ salt M 521.7

Taurocholic acid, Na⁺ salt M 537.7 3.3 20 mM Na⁺ 4 2150

Taurodehydrocholic acid, Na⁺ salt M 531.6

Taurodeoxycholic acid, Na⁺ salt M 521.7 2.7 50 mM Na⁺ 8 4200

Taurolithocholic acid, Na⁺ salt M 505.7

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid M 521.7

Tetradecyltrimethyl-
ammonium bromide (TDTAB) M 336.4 3.5 30º C 81 27,000

TOPPS M 350.5 4.5 50 mM Na⁺

Ionic Detergents
Detergent Name †	Purity ‡	MW (monomer)	CMC (mM)§	CMC Conditions	Aggreg- ation #	MW (micelle)
Caprylic acid, Na⁺ salt (n-octanoate)	M	166.2	351
Cetylpyridinium chloride	M	274.0	0.90
CTAB (Cetyltri- methylammonium bromide)	M	364.5	1.0	50 mM Na⁺	170	62,000
Cholic acid, Na⁺ salt	M	430.6	4	50 mM Na⁺	3	1200
Decanesulfonic acid, Na⁺ salt	M	244.3	32.6
Deoxycholic acid, Na⁺ salt (DOC)	M	414.6	1.5	50 mM Na⁺	5	2000
Digitonin	P	1229	0.087		60	70,000
Dodecyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide	M	308.4	14
Glycocholic acid, Na⁺ salt	M	487.6	7.1	50 mM Na⁺	2.1	1000
Glycodeoxycholic acid, Na⁺ salt	M	471.6	2.1	50 mM Na⁺	2.1	1000
Lauroylsarcosine, Na⁺ salt (Sarkosyl)	M	293.4			2	900
Lithium n-dodecyl sulfate	M	272.3	6-8	50 mM Na⁺
Lysophosphatidyl- choline (16:0)	M	495.7	0.007		186	92,000
Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Lauryl sulfate, Na⁺ salt)	M	288.5	2.30	50 mM Na⁺	84	24,200
Taurochenodeoxy- cholic acid, Na⁺ salt	M	521.7
Taurocholic acid, Na⁺ salt	M	537.7	3.3	20 mM Na⁺	4	2150
Taurodehydrocholic acid, Na⁺ salt	M	531.6
Taurodeoxycholic acid, Na⁺ salt	M	521.7	2.7	50 mM Na⁺	8	4200
Taurolithocholic acid, Na⁺ salt	M	505.7
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid	M	521.7
Tetradecyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide (TDTAB)	M	336.4	3.5	30º C	81	27,000
TOPPS	M	350.5	4.5	50 mM Na⁺

Zwitterionic Detergents

Detergent Name † Purity ‡ MW (monomer) CMC (mM)§ CMC Conditions Aggreg-
ation # MW (micelle)

BigCHAP M 878.1 3.4 50 mM Na⁺ 10 8800

CHAPS M 614.9 6-10 50 mM Na⁺ 10 6150

CHAPSO M 630.9 8 50 mM Na⁺ 11 9960

DDMAU M 397.7 0.13 50 mM Na⁺

EMPIGEN BB (N-Dodecyl-
N,N-dimethylglycine) M 272.0 1.6-2.1 50 mM Na⁺

Lauryldimethylamine oxide (LADAO, LDAO, Empigen OB) M 229.4 1-3 50 mM Na⁺ 76 17,000

ZWITTERGENT 3-08 M 279.6 330 50 mM Na⁺

ZWITTERGENT 3-10 M 307.6 25-40 50 mM Na⁺ 41 12,600

ZWITTERGENT 3-12 (3-Dodecyl-
dimethylammonio-
propane-1-sulfonate) M 335.6 2-4 50 mM Na⁺ 55 18,500

ZWITTERGENT 3-14 M 363.6 0.1-0.4 50 mM Na⁺ 83 30,200

ZWITTERGENT 3-16 M 391.6 0.01-0.06 50 mM Na⁺ 155 60,700

Zwitterionic Detergents
Detergent Name †	Purity ‡	MW (monomer)	CMC (mM)§	CMC Conditions	Aggreg- ation #	MW (micelle)
BigCHAP	M	878.1	3.4	50 mM Na⁺	10	8800
CHAPS	M	614.9	6-10	50 mM Na⁺	10	6150
CHAPSO	M	630.9	8	50 mM Na⁺	11	9960
DDMAU	M	397.7	0.13	50 mM Na⁺
EMPIGEN BB (N-Dodecyl- N,N-dimethylglycine)	M	272.0	1.6-2.1	50 mM Na⁺
Lauryldimethylamine oxide (LADAO, LDAO, Empigen OB)	M	229.4	1-3	50 mM Na⁺	76	17,000
ZWITTERGENT 3-08	M	279.6	330	50 mM Na⁺
ZWITTERGENT 3-10	M	307.6	25-40	50 mM Na⁺	41	12,600
ZWITTERGENT 3-12 (3-Dodecyl- dimethylammonio- propane-1-sulfonate)	M	335.6	2-4	50 mM Na⁺	55	18,500
ZWITTERGENT 3-14	M	363.6	0.1-0.4	50 mM Na⁺	83	30,200
ZWITTERGENT 3-16	M	391.6	0.01-0.06	50 mM Na⁺	155	60,700

^† BRIJ and TWEEN detergents are registered trademarks of ICI Americas, Inc.; EMPIGEN detergents are registered trademarks of Allbright and Willson; LUBROL is a registered trademark of Imperial Chemical; and ZWITTERGENT is a registered trademark of Calbiochem-Novabiochem Corporation.

^‡ "Purity" referrs to the "dispersity" of the detergent preparation. "P" indicates heterogeneity or polydispersity in molecular form, while "M" indicates homogeneity or monodispersity.

^§ CMC referrs to the Critical Micellar Concentration, or that total concentration of detergent that corresponds to the maximum possible concentration of detergent monomer in solution. The CMC is very sensitive to temperature and polarity of the medium. The CMC is generally given at 20-25º C, unless indicated otherwise in the table.

References: Values in the table were taken from one or more of the following sources

Biochemistry LabFax, (J.A.A. Chambers and D. Rickwood, eds.), Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford (Academic Press) (1993).

Calbiochem catalog.

Detergents: An Overview, Neugebauer, J. M. (1990) Methods Enzymol. 182, 239-253.

A Guide to the Properties and Uses of Detergents in Biology and Biochemistry, a handbook from the Calbiochem Company (1987).

The Merck Index, Eleventh Edition (S. Budavari, Ed.), Merck and Company, Inc. Publishers, Rahway, New Jersey (1989).

Molecular Biology LabFax, (T.A. Brown, ed.), Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford (Academic Press) (1991).

Properties of Detergents, Helenius, A., McCaslin, D. R., Fries, E., and Tanford, C. (1979) Methods Enzymol. 56, 734-749.

Sigma Chemical Company catalog.

Suggestions for additions or changes can be sent to Dr. Shaun D. Black

Last update June 16, 1998

Shaun D. Black, University of Texas Health Center at Tyler

accesses since June 11, 1998.

Properties of Detergents (Amphiphiles) from Dr. Shaun D. Black (University of Texas Health Center at Tyler)

Properties of Detergents (Amphiphiles)
from Dr. Shaun D. Black (University of Texas Health Center at Tyler)