These star tables
and some of the comments were sent to us by Gerald
Nordley, science
fiction writer, member of the CONTACT group, and a very good
friend to world builders! Thank you very much for your help,
Mr Nordley!
This is a
very basic star table.
More information
is available here.
Even more information is
available here.
Notes on these star tables:
The stars in these tables are arranged in
the classes used in the Main Sequence.
Choose your star from these tables and you will have some of
the numbers that you need for your solar system and your planet.
Our sun is a G2 star. As we found out from
our hands-on activity, our sun formed
4.5 billion years ago. Earth also formed about 4.5 billion years
ago, and 3.8 billion years ago, or perhaps even earlier, the
first single celled life forms appeared. When you consider that
the earth had to cool from a molten state first, life seems to
have appeared quite quickly.
However, the jump to multicellular
life forms took a long time. Multicellular life forms began
to develop only 600 million years. If you want to have
life forms
that you can actually see, you need to choose a star with a long
enough life time.
You should choose your star type from these
tables. Choose the ones with
yellow in their rows:
the others are for your
reference/ Write down the information about
your star's row, with
the headings.
What the Headings mean:
Class:
See the page on Main Sequence
Temperature in Degrees Kelvin:
See page on Temperatures
in Space. The temperature given is the surface temperature
of the star.
Mass (Mass of our sun = 1): See page on Weight,
Mass, and Density.
Radius:
The radius
is the distance from the center of the star to its surface.
Terrestrial Equivalent Orbit in
AUs:
the distance to a star where
the planet gets Earth's
solar intensity (1372 W/m^2). For very dim stars, planets would
have to be very close, and tidal effects are of concern.
This is important because it will help you
to put your world in the Life Zone
of your solar system.
Lifetime in Billions of Years:
This is how long your star will burn in a
stable way. Remember, you need to allow time for your life forms
to develop.
If you look at these tables you will see interesting
changes as the stars get smaller. Pay special attention to the
colored sections of the tables: you will be using these numbers
in planning your own solar system.
Choose your star from the
rows that have yellow with
them.
Stars
of types O, B, and A do not
have long enough life spans
to allow complex life to
develop.
Stars
of types A, F, and G could
possibly have life bearing
planets.
Stars
of our types M and E0 are so
cool that planets orbiting
them could be tidally locked
(the same face is always
turned toward the
sun). They might also
get zapped by solar flares.
Class
|
Characteristics
|
Temperature
in Degrees
Kelvin
|
Mass
(Mass of our sun =1) |
Radius
(Radius of Sun=1)
|
Terrestrial Equivalent Orbit
in AUs |
Lifetime
in billions
of earth years
|
O
O4-
O9 |
Very Large, Very Hot, Very Fast
Burning |
48000
- 33000 |
90.000
- 23.300 |
14.400
- 9.560 |
995.00
= 311.00 |
.002
- .009 |
B
B0-B9 |
Hot and Fast Burning |
33000
- 10500 |
17.500
- 3.350 |
8.470
- 2.960 |
228.00
- 9.75 |
.010
- .475 |
A
A0-A8 |
Do Not Last Long Enough to Support
Complex Life Forms |
9520
- 7580 |
2.900
- 1.600 |
2.710
- 1.710 |
7.35
- 2.93 |
.583
- 1.290 |
F
F0-F8
|
Some of These Might Have Life-Bearing
Planets |
7200
- 6200 |
1.600
- 1.190 |
1.640
- 1.260 |
2.55
- 1.45 |
1.600
- 6.880 |
G
G0-G8 |
Possible Suns for Planets with Life:
The Sun is a G2 Star |
6030
- 5570 |
1.050
- .642 |
1.130
- .875 |
1.22
- .81 |
9.180
- 17.900 |
K
K0-K7 |
Small, Dim, Red Stars: Could Perhaps
Support Life On Inner Planets |
5250
- 4060 |
.790
- .606 |
.786
- 641 |
.65
- .32 |
21.00
- very long |
M
M0-M9 |
Less than Half the Mass of Our Sun |
3850
- 2510 |
.510
-.100 |
.626
-.092 |
.28
- .017 |
Very,
very long |
E
E0-E8
Brown
Dwarfs |
Heat-Radiating Bodies Less Than a Tenth
the Mass of Our Sun |
E0
is a lowest mass
star.
The others are
Brown Dwarfs
1800 - 800 |
.080
- .040 |
.065
- .177 |
.0063
- .0022 |
Even
longer |
J
J0-J9
not stars |
Astronomical Bodies Smaller than Mass of Jupiter:
Radiate Heat |
700
- 50
Too dim for us to
see |
smaller
than Jupiter |
.118
- .037 |
.0017
- below surface of
planet |
Possibly
longer than the
life of the
Universe! |
The
three star classes below
contain stars that could be
orbited by life-bearing
planets.
Class F Stars: Some of These Might Have Life-Bearing
Planets |
Class |
Temperature in degrees Kelvin |
Mass (Mass
of our sun = 1) |
Radius
(Radius of Sun=1)
|
Terrestrial Equivalent
Orbit
in AUs |
Lifetime in billions
of years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F0 |
7200 |
1.600 |
1.640 |
2.55 |
1.600 |
F2 |
6890 |
1.520 |
1.460 |
2.07 |
1.760 |
F5 |
6440 |
1.400 |
1.440 |
1.79 |
3.440 |
F8 |
6200 |
1.190 |
1.260 |
1.45 |
6.880 |
G Class Stars: Possible Suns for Planets with Life:
The Sun is a G2 Star |
Class |
Temperature in degrees Kelvin |
Mass (Mass
of our sun = 1) |
Radius
(Radius of Sun=1)
|
Terrestrial Equivalent
Orbit
in AUs |
Lifetime
in billions of years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
G0 |
6030 |
1.050 |
1.130 |
1.22 |
9.180 |
G2 |
5860 |
.998 |
1.020 |
1.05 |
10.100 |
G5 |
5770 |
.920 |
.893 |
.89 |
14.000 |
G8 |
5570 |
.842 |
.875 |
.81 |
17.900 |
K Class Stars: Small, Dim, Red Stars: Could Perhaps
Support Life On Inner Planets |
Class |
Temperature in degrees Kelvin |
Mass (Mass
of our sun = 1) |
Radius
(Radius of Sun=1)
|
Terrestrial Equivalent
Orbit
in AUs |
Lifetime in billions
of years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
K0 |
5250 |
.790 |
.786 |
.65 |
21.100 |
K1 |
5080 |
.766 |
.788 |
.61 |
long |
K2 |
4900 |
.742 |
.750 |
.54 |
|
K3 |
4730 |
.718 |
.762 |
.51 |
|
K4 |
4590 |
.694 |
.692 |
.43 |
very |
K5 |
4350 |
.670 |
.684 |
.39 |
long |
K7 |
4060 |
.606 |
.641 |
.32 |
|
|