|
baby dolls:
"an oversized dress-like garmet, made of quilted thick material.
It is compulsory that suicidal patients deemed to be of sufficient
risk are made to wear Baby Dolls in place of all other clothing"
(Kent-Wilkinson, 2000).
bailiffs:
"supervise offenders and maintain order in provincial and state
courtrooms during legal proceedings (Evans, 1996).
ballistics:
"the science of the motion of projectiles, such as bullets from
a gun. It is divided into three branches: interior ballistics, exterior
ballistics, and terminal ballistics. Interior ballistics studies
the projectile in the gun while exterior ballistics studies the
projectile in and through the air. Finally terminal ballistics is
the study of penetration of solids by the projectile million (Silvia,
1999. p. 69-70).
ballistics:
"given 70 years of widespread use of the word "ballistics" by the
public, the media and police force personnel, the term has to be
recognized as legitimate with respect cartridge and bullet examination.
It really makes little difference how specialists believe the word
should be defined. In the English language, usage rules. It has
been so ever since the last of the 19th century grammarians passed
on to a better place (where the Word is immutable). (Gerald L. Hurst,
1998).
ballistics:
"given 70 years of widespread use of the word "ballistics" by the
public, the media and police force personnel, the term has to be
recognized as legitimate with respect cartridge and bullet examination.
It really makes little difference how specialists believe the word
should be defined. In the English language, usage rules. It has
been so ever since the last of the 19th century grammarians passed
on to a better place (where the Word is immutable). (Gerald L. Hurst,
1998).
ballistics:
"the origin of the "ballistic" misnomer for firearms examination
goes way back to the beginning of the 1920's. In 1925, Dr. Calvin
Goddard, physician and ex-army officer, wrote an article for the
Army Ordance titled "Forensic Ballistics" in which he described
the use of the comparison microscope regarding firearms comparisons.
He later regretted using the catchy name to describe firearms examinations
because it produced a lot of misunderstandings in the public as
well as the legal sectors. As everyone can see, it is still producing
a lot of misunderstandings. Blame it on Goddard" (Gerald L. Hurst,
1998).
battered child syndrome:
"the phrase 'battered child syndrome' was originated by Henry Kempe
in 1962 to emphasize the malevolent actions perpetrated on children
by their parents or other adults. The medical body became sensitive
to the existence of the problem of child abuse through Henry Kempe's
provocative articles on the battered child syndrome" (Kempe, 1962,
cited in Lappe, 1994, p. 49) and (Rawlins & Drake, 1993).
battered
child syndrome:
"in 1962, Professor Henry Kempe was the first to use the phrase
"battered child syndrome", also referred to as the "physically abuse
child", the "maltreated child", or the "ill-treated child" syndrome"
(Cameron & Rae, 1975).
battered
child syndrome:
"the label 'battered child syndrome' was replaced by the term 'child
abuse and neglect' in 1975 (Rawlins & Drake, 1993).
battered
child syndrome:
"the malevolent actions perpetrated on children by their parents
or other adults"(Rawlins & Drake, 1993).
battered
child syndrome:
"the battered child syndrome is the term used to describe a clinical
condition in young children who have received non-accidental, inexcusable
violence or injury, ranging from minimal to severe or fatal trauma,
at the hand of an adult in a position of trust (generally a parent
or guardian" (Cameron & Rae, 1975).
battered wife syndrome:
"the state of a woman in a highly abusive relationship who resorts
to the murder or aggravated assault of her spouse, as a result of
her belief that it is - the only way to save herself from death"
(Regehr & Glancy, 1995, p. 135).
battered woman syndrome:
"the psychological, emotional and behavioural reactions and deficits
of victims and their inablity to respond effectively to repeated
physical and psychological violence (Walker, 1979).
battered woman's syndrome as a defence (1990-Canada):
"the abuse theory, used in a case where a woman murdered her husband
following several years of physical, sexual and mental abuse. Supreme
Court of Canada ruling on R. vs. Lavalee in 1990, became the precedent
setting case in Canada" (Regehr & Glancy, 1995, p. 130).
battered woman syndrome defence (1911-Canada):
"First Canadian case - Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. April 16, 1911
- Angelina Napolitano, 28 year old immigrant mother of four, killed
her husband with an ax while he slept. She was found guilty of murder,
but an international clemency case was later successful on her behalf
due to severe history of years of spousal abuse (Dubinsky, 1992,
cited in Regehr Glancy, 1995, p. 130).
battered
woman syndrome defence (1990- Canada):
"Supreme Court of Canada ruling on R vs. Lavalee became the precedent
setting case in Canada" (Regehr & Glancy, 1995, p. 130).
battered women syndrome:
"the psychological, emotional and behavioural reactions and
deficits of victims and their inablity to
respond effectively to repeated physical and psychological violence
(Walker, 1979
bedlam:
"the word 'bedlam' was coined after the Bethlehem hospitals in England
which were noisy, filthy, and rodent infested" (Yonge & Osborne,
1991, p. 8).
bedlam:
"the word bedlam got it's name from an ancient mental hospital -
it is now St Mary's Insane Asylum in London, England, founded in
1247"(Blatchford, National Press, Canada, June 12, 1999).
bertillonage or anthropometry:
"identification system devised by Alphonse Bertillon, chief of criminal
identification for the Paris police, devised an identification system
known as anthropometry or "Bertillonage." His method, later replaced
by fingerprint, incorporated a series of body measurements, physical
description and photographs which aided police in the identification
of criminals" (Chien, 1996).
big houses "American prisons":
"in the "big houses" of the current American prison system, prisoners
are as overwhelmed by intense boredom as by the threat of violence
(Morris & Rothman, 1997).
bill C-30 (1992-Canada):
"an Act to amend the Criminal Code of Canada. 'insanity' was replaced
by 'mental disorder' and defined as a 'disease of the mind'," (Swaimnath,
Norris, Komer, & Sidhu, 1993).
biological theories:
"attribute violence either to an innate, instinctual drive for aggression
or to a variety of neurochemical imbalances such as increased testosterone
levels or an imbalance in levels of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine,
or other neurotransmitters".
bite mark injuries:
pattern injuries made by a human or animal (Stewart, 1993).
blood alcohol (legal):
"the legal blood alcohol usually requires a special kit, is processed
by a state crime lab facility, and requires a police officer to
obtain consent for the draw under the state "driver implied consent"
law" (Brian Cesar, Em-nsg-List, Jan, 1998).
blood alcohol
(medical):
"a blood alcohol is also part of the trauma battery but is not admissible
is court (David Cheesebrow, EM-NSG-List, 1998).
blunt injuries:
abrasions, contusions, lacerations, or fractures consistent with
crushing impact against the body with a blunt object (Stewart, 1993).
p>
body temperature:
"the third major indication of how much time has lapsed since death
(along with rigor mortis and lividity) is body temperature. When oxygen
is no longer fueling the body and keeping it warm, the temperature
falls a t a rate of approx. one degree per hour. Again, musculature
and ambient temp. may significantly affect the rate of temperature
change. An obese person will cool much more slowly than a thin person,
while someone who dies in a warm room will retain more body heat than
someone who succumbs outdoors in cold weather. The following formula
is widely used for estimating the time of death: normal temp. (98.6
degrees F) - rectal temp.= approx.no. of hrs. since death 1.5".
bodyguards:
"escort and protect persons from injury or from invasion of privacy"
(Evans, 1996).
bogus:
"fake; not genuine, 'A bogus official tried to gain entry to the
pensioners home'. American of unknown origin".
brain lesion theory:
"the theory that tumors and seizures have been associated with aggression
and violent behavior" (Davidovich, 1990).
bridewell:
"one of the first prisons in the London area so named because women
who were considered unfaithful had previously been dunked there
for punishment".
bridewell:
"a generic term for a 'house of correction', or a prison, so called
from the City Bridewell, Blackfriars, London, formerly a royal residence
built over the holy well of St Bride (an alternative form of St
Bridget). After the Reformation, Edward VI made it into a penitentiary
for unruly apprentices and vagrants. It was demolished in 1863,
although much of the palace was destroyed in the Great Fire of London,
1666" (Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, pub Cassell, London).
References
bailiffs:
"supervise offenders and maintain order in provincial and state
courtrooms during legal proceedings (Evans, 1996).
ballistics:
"the science of the motion of projectiles, such as bullets from
a gun. It is divided into three branches: interior ballistics, exterior
ballistics, and terminal ballistics. Interior ballistics studies
the projectile in the gun while exterior ballistics studies the
projectile in and through the air. Finally terminal ballistics is
the study of penetration of solids by the projectile million (Silvia,
1999. p. 69-70).
ballistics:
"given 70 years of widespread use of the word "ballistics" by the
public, the media and police force personnel, the term has to be
recognized as legitimate with respect cartridge and bullet examination.
It really makes little difference how specialists believe the word
should be defined. In the English language, usage rules. It has
been so ever since the last of the 19th century grammarians passed
on to a better place (where the Word is immutable). (Gerald L. Hurst,
1998).
ballistics:
"given 70 years of widespread use of the word "ballistics" by the
public, the media and police force personnel, the term has to be
recognized as legitimate with respect cartridge and bullet examination.
It really makes little difference how specialists believe the word
should be defined. In the English language, usage rules. It has
been so ever since the last of the 19th century grammarians passed
on to a better place (where the Word is immutable). (Gerald L. Hurst,
1998).
ballistics:
"the origin of the "ballistic" misnomer for firearms examination
goes way back to the beginning of the 1920's. In 1925, Dr. Calvin
Goddard, physician and ex-army officer, wrote an article for the
Army Ordance titled "Forensic Ballistics" in which he described
the use of the comparison microscope regarding firearms comparisons.
He later regretted using the catchy name to describe firearms examinations
because it produced a lot of misunderstandings in the public as
well as the legal sectors. As everyone can see, it is still producing
a lot of misunderstandings. Blame it on Goddard" (Gerald L. Hurst,
1998).
battered child syndrome:
"the phrase 'battered child syndrome' was originated by Henry Kempe
in 1962 to emphasize the malevolent actions perpetrated on children
by their parents or other adults. The medical body became sensitive
to the existence of the problem of child abuse through Henry Kempe's
provocative articles on the battered child syndrome" (Kempe, 1962,
cited in Lappe, 1994, p. 49) and (Rawlins & Drake, 1993).
battered
child syndrome:
"in 1962, Professor Henry Kempe was the first to use the phrase
"battered child syndrome", also referred to as the "physically abuse
child", the "maltreated child", or the "ill-treated child" syndrome"
(Cameron & Rae, 1975).
battered
child syndrome:
"the label 'battered child syndrome' was replaced by the term 'child
abuse and neglect' in 1975 (Rawlins & Drake, 1993).
battered
child syndrome:
"the malevolent actions perpetrated on children by their parents
or other adults"(Rawlins & Drake, 1993).
battered
child syndrome:
"the battered child syndrome is the term used to describe a clinical
condition in young children who have received non-accidental, inexcusable
violence or injury, ranging from minimal to severe or fatal trauma,
at the hand of an adult in a position of trust (generally a parent
or guardian" (Cameron & Rae, 1975).
battered wife syndrome:
"the state of a woman in a highly abusive relationship who resorts
to the murder or aggravated assault of her spouse, as a result of
her belief that it is - the only way to save herself from death"
(Regehr & Glancy, 1995, p. 135).
battered woman syndrome:
"the psychological, emotional and behavioural reactions and deficits
of victims and their inablity to respond effectively to repeated
physical and psychological violence (Walker, 1979).
battered woman's syndrome as a defence (1990-Canada):
"the abuse theory, used in a case where a woman murdered her husband
following several years of physical, sexual and mental abuse. Supreme
Court of Canada ruling on R. vs. Lavalee in 1990, became the precedent
setting case in Canada" (Regehr & Glancy, 1995, p. 130).
battered woman syndrome defence (1911-Canada):
"First Canadian case - Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. April 16, 1911
- Angelina Napolitano, 28 year old immigrant mother of four, killed
her husband with an ax while he slept. She was found guilty of murder,
but an international clemency case was later successful on her behalf
due to severe history of years of spousal abuse (Dubinsky, 1992,
cited in Regehr Glancy, 1995, p. 130).
battered
woman syndrome defence (1990- Canada):
"Supreme Court of Canada ruling on R vs. Lavalee became the precedent
setting case in Canada" (Regehr & Glancy, 1995, p. 130).
bedlam:
"the word 'bedlam' was coined after the Bethlehem hospitals in England
which were noisy, filthy, and rodent infested" (Yonge & Osborne,
1991, p. 8).
bedlam:
"the word bedlam got it's name from an ancient mental hospital -
it is now St Mary's Insane Asylum in London, England, founded in
1247"(Blatchford, National Press, Canada, June 12, 1999).
bertillonage or anthropometry:
"identification system devised by Alphonse Bertillon, chief of criminal
identification for the Paris police, devised an identification system
known as anthropometry or "Bertillonage." His method, later replaced
by fingerprint, incorporated a series of body measurements, physical
description and photographs which aided police in the identification
of criminals" (Chien, 1996).
big houses "American prisons":
"in the "big houses" of the current American prison system, prisoners
are as overwhelmed by intense boredom as by the threat of violence
(Morris & Rothman, 1997).
bill C-30 (1992-Canada):
"an Act to amend the Criminal Code of Canada. 'insanity' was replaced
by 'mental disorder' and defined as a 'disease of the mind'," (Swaimnath,
Norris, Komer, & Sidhu, 1993).
biological theories:
"attribute violence either to an innate, instinctual drive for aggression
or to a variety of neurochemical imbalances such as increased testosterone
levels or an imbalance in levels of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine,
or other neurotransmitters".
bite mark injuries:
pattern injuries made by a human or animal (Stewart, 1993).
blood alcohol (legal):
"the legal blood alcohol usually requires a special kit, is processed
by a state crime lab facility, and requires a police officer to
obtain consent for the draw under the state "driver implied consent"
law" (Brian Cesar, Em-nsg-List, Jan, 1998).
blood alcohol
(medical):
"a blood alcohol is also part of the trauma battery but is not admissible
is court (David Cheesebrow, EM-NSG-List, 1998).
blunt injuries:
abrasions, contusions, lacerations, or fractures consistent with
crushing impact against the body with a blunt object (Stewart, 1993).
p>
body temperature:
"the third major indication of how much time has lapsed since death
(along with rigor mortis and lividity) is body temperature. When oxygen
is no longer fueling the body and keeping it warm, the temperature
falls a t a rate of approx. one degree per hour. Again, musculature
and ambient temp. may significantly affect the rate of temperature
change. An obese person will cool much more slowly than a thin person,
while someone who dies in a warm room will retain more body heat than
someone who succumbs outdoors in cold weather. The following formula
is widely used for estimating the time of death: normal temp. (98.6
degrees F) - rectal temp.= approx.no. of hrs. since death 1.5".
bodyguards:
"escort and protect persons from injury or from invasion of privacy"
(Evans, 1996).
bogus:
"fake; not genuine, 'A bogus official tried to gain entry to the
pensioners home'. American of unknown origin".
brain lesion theory:
"the theory that tumors and seizures have been associated with aggression
and violent behavior" (Davidovich, 1990).
bridewell:
"one of the first prisons in the London area so named because women
who were considered unfaithful had previously been dunked there
for punishment".
bridewell:
"a generic term for a 'house of correction', or a prison, so called
from the City Bridewell, Blackfriars, London, formerly a royal residence
built over the holy well of St Bride (an alternative form of St
Bridget). After the Reformation, Edward VI made it into a penitentiary
for unruly apprentices and vagrants. It was demolished in 1863,
although much of the palace was destroyed in the Great Fire of London,
1666" (Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, pub Cassell, London).
References
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