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The Jews of Yemen
By Mitchell Bard
1948 Jewish population: 55,000 (in Aden: another 8,000)
2003: 2001
In 1922, the government of Yemen reintroduced an ancient
Islamic law requiring that Jewish orphans under age 12 be forcibly converted
to Islam.
In 1947, after the partition vote, Muslim rioters,
joined by the local police force, engaged in a bloody pogrom in Aden
that killed 82 Jews and destroyed hundreds of Jewish homes. Aden's Jewish
community was economically paralyzed, as most of the Jewish stores and
businesses were destroyed. Early in 1948, the false accusation of the
ritual murder of two girls led to looting.2
This
increasingly perilous situation led to the emigration of virtually the
entire Yemenite Jewish community - almost 50,000 - between June 1949
and September 1950 in Operation "Magic Carpet." A smaller,
continuous migration was allowed to continue into 1962, when a civil
war put an abrupt halt to any further Jewish exodus.
Until 1976, when an American diplomat came across a small Jewish community
in a remote region of northern Yemen, it was believed the Yemenite Jewish
community was extinct. As a result, the plight of Yemenite Jews went
unrecognized by the outside world.
It turned out some people stayed behind during Operation "Magic
Carpet" because family members did not want to leave sick or elderly
relatives behind. These Jews were forbidden from emigrating and not
allowed to contact relatives abroad. They were isolated and trapped,
scattered throughout the mountainous regions in northern Yemen and lacking
food, clothing, medical care and religious articles. As a result, some
Yemenite Jews abandoned their faith and converted to Islam.
For a short time, Jewish organizations were allowed
to travel openly within Yemen, distributing Hebrew books and materials
to the Jewish community.3
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