New, Sit Down When You Read This
Patriots
FURTHER PROOF OF THE 1213 CHARTA
I HAD IN MY BOOK
This knowledge of treason at home made
the next move of Innocent against John effective. He declared John deposed,
released his subjects from their allegiance, and early in 1213 authorized Philip
Augustus to carry out the sentence. Philip was only too glad of an opportunity
to wage another war against his ancient enemy. His army was assembled and ready
to embark, when John surrendered to the pope in April. John had prepared for
defense, but, knowing that he could not rely upon his own followers, he decided
to forestall the danger of invasion. At the same time he was bidding for the
support of the pope against his barons. He agreed to accept Lagton and to give
the clergy damages for their loss of property and income. He also did homage
for England and Ireland and agreed to pay 1,000 marks a year in evidence that
he held these islands as fiefs of the papacy. John's humiliation at the hands
of the pope was complete. History of England, W. E. Lunt, 1928 pg 144.
THIS PROVES THE POPE MADE NULL AND
VOID THE MAGNA CHARTA
The barons were the first to break the
charter. The more recalcitrant northern barons left Runnymede before the negotiations
had been completed, and in defiance of the twenty-five (my note-the twenty-five
were an oligarchy of barons) began to harry the king's lands and do violence
to the king's men. The twenty-five, moreover, treated John with unnecessary
disrespect. John, after observing the provisions of the treaty for about two
months, began to prepare for war on his side by sending abroad for mercenaries.
He had the support of the pope who intervened as his suzerain to quell the barons
with spiritual weapons. he declared the charter void and placed under sentence
of excommunication the barons who should attempt to hold the king to his promise.
History of England, W. E. Lunt, 1928 pg 149-150.
THE MAN THAT RAN THE GOVERNMENT
OVER THREE KINGSHIPS, GAVE HIS
POWER TO THE POPE
The quality of Henry's rule during the
period of his minority depended upon the character of those who controlled the
government in his name. As long as William Marshal was at the head of affairs,
all went well. This experienced statesman who was well over seventy had served
three kings of England faithfully before he served Henry III.....After William's
death no baron stood out as a leader whom the other barons could follow without
jealousy and friction. I was recognition of this situation that caused William
Marshal during his last illness to commit the keeping of the king to the pope
and to the legate who represented him. This arrangement had the sanction of
the feudal custom, which gave to the lord wardship of the minor heir and the
lands of a deceased vassal, and it seems to have been tacitly accepted by the
barons. History of England, W. E. Lunt, 1928 pg 151-152.
THE FIRST INCOME TAX WAS LEVIED
BY THE POPE AND IT CONTINUED
AFTER THE INVALIED MAGNA CHARTA
In 1199 the papacy for the first time
had compelled its clerical subjects to pay a tax of a fractional part of their
incomes. Taxation, as distinguished from dues, rents, and services, was at that
time so rarely levied by any authority that it was generally regarded as good
and sufficient reason for resistance. When the imposition was decreed by an
authority which had never before attempted to exercise such a right, it was
certain to arouse opposition. This first tax was collected with difficulty,
although it was levied for a crusade. In 1215 another was raised for the same
purpose. In 1229 a tenth was exacted to assist the pope in his war against the
emperor. History of England, W. E. Lunt, 1928 pg 153.
FOLLOW THE MONEY FOLKS
The stream of gold which flowed
from England to the papal coffers was ever on the increase, and Englishmen
believed it was being used largely to further the popes as temporal policies
of the papacy. The position of the popes as the spiritual heads of Christendom
was not assailed, but what popular opinion held to be the greed of the
papal court, the corruption of the papacy in its administrative capacity,
and its overweening temporal ambitions were subjected to bitter criticism.
History of England, W. E. Lunt, 1928 pg 158.
As part of the price of this crown,
which still had to be won, Henry agreed to pay a debt of over 90,000L previously
contracted by the papacy in its prosecution of the war. Part of the money was
raised by a tax imposed on the English clergy by the pope, but in 1258 Henry
failed to meet one of the installments due. Threatened with ecclesiastical censure
by the pope if he delayed the payment beyond a certain time, he appealed to
the great council for financial help. History of England, W. E. Lunt, 1928 pg
159.
THE POPE AGAIN MADE NULL AND VOID
RIGHTS THAT HAD BEEN GRANTED TO
THE MIDDLE CLASS AND BARONS, JUST
AS HE DID WITH THE MAGNA CHARTA
The development of factions among
the barons gave the king his opportunity. In 1261 he persuaded the pope
to release him from his promise and to declare the enactment's of 1258
and 1259 null and void. He then dismissed the council of fifteen, putting
his own partisans in their places. History of England, W. E. Lunt, 1928
pg 160
James
ADDENDUM
TAXATION CONTROL
BY THE KING AND POPE OVER
THE WORLD
DOCUMENTS THAT OUR INDEPENDENCE WERE BASED ON ARE ILLEGAL,
A
REPORT ON THE 1215 AND 1297 CHARTERS
Insight on the 1297 Confirmation
of Charters, However, Patriots Don't Get Excited Thinking this
First Section Proves
the 1215 Magna Charta Is a Legal Document. As You Will See. Keep Reading.
The parliament of Edward
I was preeminently a judicial organ. The addition of representative
elements did not change
that emphasis during the Middle Ages. When the origin of parliament as
a court of law had long
been forgotten, its judicial character was still apparent, and to this
day the house of lords
remains the highest court of the land.
In only two of the functions
which parliament performed was the cooperation of the
representative elements
essential.
1. Parliament could not
inform the king fully of the state of public opinion without the
presence of the representatives.
In the closing years of the reign of Edward I such information
appears to have been
of importance to the king. In that age, when roads were poor and postal
service, newspapers,
telephones, and other means of rapid communication unknown, it was
difficult to learn the
real state of public opinion. The concentration of representatives from
all parts of England
provided an opportunity to feel the popular pulse, such as was given by
no
other agency at the
king's disposal.
2. After 1297 parliament
could not constitutionally grant non- feudal taxes without the consent
of the representatives
of the middle class. The right was established by the confirmation of
the Charters in 1297.
In that year the exigencies of warfare caused Edward to demand heavy
taxes on personal property
for the fourth consecutive year. Such a demand, even in two
successive years, was
without precedent. An irregularly constituted assembly granted the
request, but the barons,
supported by the higher clergy, opposed the levy of the tax, making a
display of armed force.
The government capitulated and summoned the barons and elected knights
of the shire to meet.
The assembly, dominated by the barons, sought the confirmation of the
Charters in amplified
form. The king agreed. The assembly in return approved a new tax on
personal property, declaring
the old tax void. Its action seems to have been equivalent to an
assertion that the king
could not levy a tax on personal property without the consent of a
properly constituted
representative assembly. Among the clauses added to the Charters was one
which stated the principle
more explicitly. In it the king promised to earls, barons, prelates,
and the community of
the land that henceforth he would take no such manner of exactions as had
just been in dispute
"but by the common assent of all the realm" History of England, W. E.
Lunt, 1928, pg 218,
219
Not Only Was the 1215
Magna Charta Declared Null and Void, THE Reconfirmation of the Charta in
1297 Was Declared Null and Void
by the Pope. Read on.
With the popes Edward
was generally on friendly terms. Popular opposition to the papacy waxed
stronger because papal
provisions increased in number and the weight of papal taxation borne by
the clergy grew heavier;
but the king derived too much advantage from the papal friendship to
sacrifice it readily
for the popular clamor. Although papal provisions became more frequent
in
his reign, the popes
interfered with the elections of bishops rather less than they had in the
time of his father,
and from the papal taxation of the clergy Edward derived much profit.
During the first two
years of his reign the clergy at the order of the pope paid a tenth to
help him and his brother
meet the debts incurred for their crusade, and the larger part of the
proceeds of several
other crusading-taxes levied on the clergy by the pope went into the royal
coffers.....
Not until the accession
of Boniface VIII to the Holy See in 1295 did a serious rift occur.
Boniface asserted the
superiority of the spiritual over the temporal authority in more
extravagant terms than
any pope had used since the time of Innocent III. In 1296 he issued the
bull clericis laicos,
which forbade the clergy of any country to pay taxes to lay rulers
without the consent
of a papacy. The clergy, who had been hard hit by Edward's severe taxation
of the past three years,
were happy to follow the papal lead. Under the direction of the
archbishop of Canterbury,
they refused the royal demand for a fifth in 1296 on the plea of the
papal prohibition. The
conflict between papal and royal commands they met squarely with the
statement that while
they owed obedience to both, they owed the greater obedience to the
spiritual power. Edward
promptly outlawed the clergy, putting them outside the protection of
the royal courts. Most
of the clergy paid the fifth to escape this sentence. Those who did not
had their temporal goods
confiscated. Edward's successful opposition together with that of the
king of France convinced
the pope that he had undertaken more than he could perform. Shortly he
modified the terms of
clericis laicos, and within a year practically annulled them entirely.
Through one result of
the contest was to throw the clergy on the side of the barons in the
struggle for the Charters,
it was a complete victory for the king so far as the papacy was
concerned.
Despite this and other
differences with the papacy, king and pope cooperated to tax the English
clergy to their mutual
advantage. In 1303 Edward obtained from Boniface the grant of half
proceeds of a tenth
imposed on the English clergy for three years by papal order. Edward thus
obtained a tax from
his clergy without asking their consent.....
With the accession of
Clement V in 1305 the system underwent a notable extension. This friendly
pope absolved Edward
from his oath taken in confirmation of the charters, suspended from office
the archbishop of canterbury
who had been largely responsible for the clerical and baronial
opposition to the king
since 1297, and commanded the English clergy to pay to the king a tenth
for seven years. In
return for these favors Edward allowed pope to levy a new tax upon the
clergy of the British
Isles. Annates, as the new tax was called, was a sum which had to be paid
by all clergymen newly
appointed to benefices in the British Isles within three years. Thus the
English clergy found
themselves ground between the upper and neither millstones of the royal
and papal fiscal necessities.....
The levy of annates disturbed
not only the clergy, who pay them, but also the laity, who feared
encroachment on their
rights of patronage. At the parliament of Carlisle, held in 1307, the
barons and the commonalty
petitioned the king to put an end to provisions, annates, and other
new fiscal demands of
the pope. William Testa, the papal collector, was forthwith indicted
before parliament. He
pleaded the order of the pope as his justification. Parliament, finding
the plea insufficient,
forbade him or his agents to exact any of the new payments demanded by
the pope. Revenues which
the papacy had regularly received from England in the past he was
allowed to collect.
Edward seems to have been bound by his arrangement with Clement to allow
annates to be levied;
at any rate, after parliament had been dissolved, he revoked the
parliamentary prohibition
so far as it related to that tax. The remainder of the parliamentary
award he enforced strictly,
as did also his son after him.
History of England,
W. E. Lunt, 1928, pages 220-222
Also, read a related document
I released called "Further Proof Of The 1213 Charta". If you do
not have a copy of these Charters
so you can read them, let me know and I will happy to provide
them to
you. The 1213, 1215, and the 1297 Charta.
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