Hungary
Government and society » Overview
The modern political system in Hungary contained elements of autocracy throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, but in the period between 1867 and 1948 it had a functioning parliament with a multiparty system and a relatively independent judiciary. After the communist takeover in 1948, a Soviet-style political system was introduced, with a leading role for the Communist Party, to which the legislative and executive branches of the government and the legal system were subordinated. In that year, all rival political parties were abolished, and the Hungarian Social Democratic Party was forced to merge with the Communist Party and thus form the Hungarian Workers’ Party. After the Revolution of 1956 it was reorganized as the Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party, which survived until the fall of communism in 1989.
Citations
"Hungary."
Encyclopædia Britannica.
2008.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
12 Jun. 2008
<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/276730/Hungary>.
Hungary.
(2008).
In Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved June 12, 2008,
from Encyclopædia Britannica Online:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/276730/Hungary
Hungary
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Table of Contents
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Media
- Parliament Building, Budapest.[Credits : © Calvin Oosse]
- Győr, on the banks of the Rába River, in Hungary.[Credits : Gyorgy Lajos—INTERFOTO MTI]
- Lake Balaton from its northwestern shore, near Badacsony, Hung.[Credits : Gerd Wagner/B&U International Picture Service, Amsterdam]
- Vineyards northwest of Lake Balaton, in Badacsony, Hung.[Credits : David Forman—Eye Ubiquitous/Corbis]
- Ó-templom in Kiskunfélegyháza, Hung.[Credits : Copyright by Interfoto Mti, Hungary; photograph, Béla Ilovszky]
- St. Stephen’s Basilica, Budapest.[Credits : © Calvin Oosse]
- The 19th-century Református Nagytemplom (or Great Reformed Church) in Debrecen, Hung.[Credits : Paul Almasy]
- Veszprém, Hung., showing the fortress hill with the 11th-century cathedral of St. Michael.[Credits : ZEFA]
- Central Budapest, looking north along the Danube River, with the Parliament Building on the east …[Credits : Jean S. Buldain/Berg & Assoc.]
- Threshing grain near Kecskemét, Hung.[Credits : E. Henriksson—Ostman Agency]
- Family farmers working the corn harvest in southern Hungary.[Credits : Mario Dudar/EPA; © 2006 European Community]
- Harvesting corn near Dunaújváros, central Hungary.[Credits : Milt and Joan Mann/Cameramann International]
- A Hungarian factory worker canning peas.[Credits : Attila Kisbenedek—EPA/© 2006 European Community]
- An auto assembly plant in Győr, Hung.[Credits : Attila Kisbenedek/EPA;© 2006 European Community]
- The Stock Exchange building in Budapest.[Credits : Attila Kisbenedek—EPA/© 2006 European Community]
- Parliament Building on the far side of the Danube River, Budapest.[Credits : Gavin Hellier—Stone/Getty Images]
- National Theatre building, Budapest.[Credits : © Calvin Oosse]
- A group of Hungarians performing a traditional dance.[Credits : Peter Lehoczky—/EPA/© 2006 European Community]
- Paprika peppers hung out to dry in Budapest.[Credits : © Corbis]
- Béla Bartók.[Credits : The Granger Collection, New York]
- Eugene Ormándy.[Credits : Erich Auerbach—Hulton Archive/Getty Images]
- Spa, Budapest.[Credits : © 2007 Index Open]
- Clay model of a wheeled cart, from a grave at Szigetszentmárton, Hung., end of the 4th …[Credits : © Hungarian National Museum, Budapest; photograph, Kardos Judit]
- Arnulf, seal, 9th century; in the Bavarian National Museum, Munich.[Credits : Courtesy of the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich; photograph, Foto Marburg]
- A statue of Saint Stephen, the first king of Hungary, overlooks the city of Budapest.[Credits : David Noton—Taxi/Getty Images]
- Manuel I Comnenus, detail of a manuscript; in the Vatican Apostolic Library.[Credits : Courtesy of the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana]
- The Christian Museum, with the dome-topped great cathedral and the fortress of St. Stephen in the …[Credits : ZEFA]
- Mongol warriors, miniature from Rashīd al-Dīn’s History of the …[Credits : Courtesy of the Edinburgh University Library, Scotland]
- Hungary in 1360.
- Eugenius IV crowning the emperor Sigismund, detail from a bronze relief by Filarete; on the doors …[Credits : Alinari—Art Resource/EB Inc.]
- János Hunyadi, engraving by André Thevet.[Credits : Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum; photograph, J.R. Freeman & Co., Ltd.]
- Matthias I, detail from the gate tower of Ortenburg Castle, Bautzen, Ger., 1486.[Credits : Courtesy of the Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum, Budapest]
- Maximilian I, charcoal drawing by Albrecht Dürer, 1518; in the Albertina, Vienna[Credits : Courtesy of the Albertina, Vienna]
- István Werbőczi, portrait on a coin; in the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest.[Credits : Courtesy of the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Hungary]
- Louis II, portrait by an unknown artist after a portrait by Titian; in the Museum of Fine Arts, …[Credits : Courtesy of the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest]
- Süleyman I, detail of an engraving of a panel by Pieter Coecke van Aelst showing a procession …[Credits : Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum]
- György Martinuzzi, detail of a painting by an unknown artist; in the Historical Gallery of the …[Credits : Courtesy of the Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum, Budapest]
- The partition of Hungary in 1568.
- The Thirty Years’ War.[Credits : Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]
- György Rákóczi II, detail of an engraving by an unknown artist.[Credits : Courtesy of the National Szechenyi Library, Budapest]
- Joseph II, Holy Roman emperor, detail of a painting by Pompeo Batoni, 1769; in the …[Credits : Courtesy of the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna]
- Ferenc Deák, detail of an oil painting by Bertalan Székely; in the Hungarian National …[Credits : Courtesy of the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest]
- Lajos Kossuth, lithograph, 1856.[Credits : Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum; photograph, J.R. Freeman & Co. Ltd.]
- Sándor Petőfi.[Credits : Archive Photos]
- Artúr Görgey, lithograph.[Credits : Courtesy of the Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum, Budapest]
- György Klapka, portrait on a coin; in the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest.[Credits : Courtesy of the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest]
- Francis Joseph, 1908.[Credits : Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum; photograph, J.R. Freeman & Co. Ltd.]
- István, Count Tisza, portrait by Gyula Benczúr; in the Hungarian National Museum, …[Credits : Interfoto MTI, Hungary]
- József Eötvös, steel engraving by C. Mahlknecht after a drawing by Miklós …[Credits : Courtesy of the Petofi Irodalmi Muzeum, Budapest]
- Map of Budapest (c. 1900), from the 10th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica.[Credits : Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]
- Peoples of Austria-Hungary in 1914.[Credits : Adapted from W. Shepherd, Historical Atlas; Barnes & Noble, New York]
- Before the outbreak of World War I, Austria-Hungary was a vast and powerful empire. After its …
- The Eastern Front, where troops from Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Russia, and the Balkans …
- Béla Kun, drawing by Béla Uitz, 1930; in the Legújabbkori …[Credits : Courtesy of the Legujabbkori Torteneti Muzeum, Budapest]
- Miklós Horthy.[Credits : EB Inc.]
- Theodore von Kármán.[Credits : Courtesy of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena]
- A group of Hungarian Jews arriving at the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp in German-occupied Poland.[Credits : © YAD Vashem Photo Archives]
- Mátyás Rákosi, detail of an oil painting by Joseph M. Csaki, 1951; in the …[Credits : Courtesy of the Magyar Munkasmozgalmi Muzeum, Budapest]
- A crowd gathering around a toppled statue during the 1956 Hungarian uprising in Budapest.[Credits : Hulton Archive/Getty Images]
- János Kádár, 1963.[Credits : AP]
- Pollution in eastern Europe, 1980s and 1990s.
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