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2007/2008 Human Development Report

Samoa
HDI Rank - 77
ExcelCountry Factsheet

01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.785
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200570.8
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200598.61
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200573.72
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20056,170
Life expectancy index0.763
Education index0.903
GDP index0.688
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank14
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0570.8
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200598.6
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200573.7
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20056,170
Population, total (thousands), 2004184
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-054.4
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200529
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200490
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 2005..
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/044
Population using an improved water source (%), 200488
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 1975..
Human development index (trends), 1980..
Human development index (trends), 19850.709
Human development index (trends), 19900.721
Human development index (trends), 19950.740
Human development index (trends), 20000.765
Human development index (trends), 20050.785
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank..
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-056.6
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-20051.43
Population not using an improved water source (%), 200412
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-2004..4
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank..
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-0520.4
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..4
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..4
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 19750.2
Population, total (millions), 20050.2
Population, total (millions), 20150.2
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20050.7
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-150.8
Population, urban (% of total population), 197521.0
Population, urban (% of total population), 200522.4
Population, urban (% of total population), 201524.9
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200540.8
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201533.8
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20054.6
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20154.8
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-755.7
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-054.4
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20044.1
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20041.2
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004218
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 200586
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200557
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005..
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-2005305
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-2005100
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-04706
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 199098
Population using improved sanitation (%), 2004100
Population using an improved water source (%), 199091
Population using an improved water source (%), 200488
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92114
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-044
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-200594
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-200547
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 200527
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 200566
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 2003100
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04..4
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04..4
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7556.1
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0570.0
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197073
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200524
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970101
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200529
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0578.6
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0565.1
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-2004..
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 2000..4
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.58
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-0513.78
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-053489
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-052989
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-05379
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-199598.110
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200598.610
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-199599.110
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-200599.310
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 1991..
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2005901112
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 1991..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005661112
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 1991..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 20049412
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-200514
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 199025
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 20057313
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19900
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005130
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 200532
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 20050
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 2005..
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-2005..
Researchers in R&D; (per million people), 1990-2005..
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 20050.4
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 20051.1
GDP per capita (US$), 20052,184
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 20056,170
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20051.414
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20052.5
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-20056,17014
GDP per capita, year of highest value2005
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-20054.0
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-051.8
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year..
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)..
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)..
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)..
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)..
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%..
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%..
Gini index..
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 20055115
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990..
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 20052715
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 199090
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 20052315
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 199010
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 20057715
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 1990..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 20050.115
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005..
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 200544.0
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 2005237.6
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 199042.4
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 200510.9
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 19905.9
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 2005- 0.9
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 19900
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 20050
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19904.9
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20055.5
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 19905.8
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 200517.3
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20044.1
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.516
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 1990..
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19904.9
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20055.5
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-2005..
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005..
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-2005..
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-2005..
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-2005..
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-2005..
Survey year, 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 200461917
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-20041.0
Electrification rate (%)..
Population without electricity (millions)..
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 2004..
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-2004..
Forest area (% total land), 200560.4
Forest area (thousand sq km), 20051.7
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-20050.4
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-20052.1
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 1990..
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 2005..
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 19900.1
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 20040.2
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-20041.5
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 1990(.)
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 2004(.)
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19900.8
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20040.8
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 1990..
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 2004..
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19900.19
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.16
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005..
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 2005..
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)2002
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2000
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881992
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1992
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012002
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)1995
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1998
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 1996..
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06..
Armed forces (thousands), 2007..
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 2007..
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-2004..
Prison population total, 2007223
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007123
Prison population (% female), 20079
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty2004
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 200571
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.776
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200574.2
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200567.8
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200598.34
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200598.94
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 200576
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 200572
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 20053,33818
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 20058,79718
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 2005- 2
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank..
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value..
Seats in parliament (% held by women)6.1
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-2005..
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-2005..
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.38
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 200598.319
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.9919
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 200599.419
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.0019
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 2005912021
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.002021
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200510020
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)1.0020
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 20058520
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.1220
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200572021
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.932021
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200539.2
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 200597
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200551
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2005..
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2004..
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2003..
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2003..
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2003..
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2003..
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1948, 1990
Year women received right to stand for election1948, 1990
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1976 A
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 20057.7
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 19900
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 20076.1
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 2007NA
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 1948..
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 1965..
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 1966..
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 1966..
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791992
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 1984..
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891994
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)..

Notes:
1 - UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates based on its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections model, April 2007.
2 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
3 - UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates based on its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections model, April 2007.
4 -
5 - Data refer to a year or period other than that specified, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
6 - Data refer to a year between 1997 and 1999.
7 - Data refer to a year or period other than that specified, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
8 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
9 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified (in the period 1999 to 2001).
10 - UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates based on its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections model, April 2007.
11 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
12 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
13 - Data refer to 2003.
14 - Data refer to a period shorter than that specified.
15 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified; from 2000 onwards.
16 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
17 - Data are estimates produced by the UN Statistics Division.
18 - No wage data are available. For the purposes of calculating the estimated female and male earned income, a value of 0.75 was used for the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage.
19 - UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate based on its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections model, April 2007.
20 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
21 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.

Symbols :
.. Data not available
(.) Greater (or less) than zero but small enough to be rounded off to zero at the displayed number of decimal points
<Less than
-Not applicable
TTotal