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TERMS & CONDITIONS

Please read this carefully. These are the terms and conditions on which you may use the FT.com website and the content/services available on it, including FTAlphaville (”FT Content”). These terms apply to your use of FT.com (including FTAlphaville) and all FT Content both irrespective of the delivery platform you use - e.g. desktop PC, laptop, mobile device or otherwise - and irrespective of how the FT Content is delivered to you - e.g. via web browser, Mobile Internet browser, email, SMS or otherwise. By accessing FT.com you are agreeing to the terms and conditions below. If you use FT.com in the course of your business, you are also agreeing to these terms and conditions on behalf of that business and should also read the paragraph in Section 2 regarding At Work Use.

If you do not agree with the terms and conditions (or are not authorised to do so) you should not use FT.com. If you have any questions please contact help@ft.com. We recommend that you print, store or save a copy of these terms and conditions for your records.


  1. Access and Use
  2. Privacy Policy and Registration
  3. Discussion Forums
  4. Technical Requirements and Site Security
  5. Warranties and Limitation of Liability
  6. Third Party Sites and Services
  7. Choice of Law and Jurisdiction
  8. General
  9. Paid for Services
  10. Invitation Only Areas of FT.com
  11. Your money and FT Fund Ratings
  12. Jobs & classifieds
  13. Corporate Information
  14. Changes to Terms and Conditions


    These terms and conditions were last updated on 16 September 2008 and replace all previous terms and conditions for FT.com.FT may change, alter, suspend or withdraw any part of FT.com or the services available on it at any time (with or without notice to you) and may also change the terms and conditions. FT will publish details of any changes to the terms and conditions in Section 14 below. You should regularly check Section 14 of these terms and conditions to see if any changes have been made - by using FT.com after we have posted the changes, you are agreeing to be bound by them. If you do not agree to the changes you should cease using FT.com and you may cancel your subscription to any Paid For Services in accordance with your rights set out in Section 9.References in these terms and conditions to ”FT” (or ”we”, ”us” or ”our”) refer to the company operating FT.com, see the Corporate Information section below for more details.

    1. Access and Use

    FT.com is split into four sections. Areas and levels of access that are: (1) accessible to all; (2) accessible to registered users; (3) accessible to paying subscribers and (4) accessible to registered users invited by FT to join a specific section. Certain sites or pages are only designed for use by UK users - see Section 11 - Your money and FT Fund Ratings below for details.

    • retrieve and display FT Content on any compatible device;
    • print a single copy of individual articles on paper (but not photocopy them);
    • email headlines appearing on FT.com (but not full text articles) to a maximum of twenty individuals using our "Email This" service;
    • store such articles in electronic form on disk or on a mobile device (but not on any server or other storage device connected to a network); and
    • Use spidering technology to search and link to FT.com, provided that you do not infringe the Restrictions on Use below.
    • with the exception of personal, non-commercial use of the "Email This " service redistribute any of the FT Content, including our headlines (including by using it as part of any syndication, content aggregation, news aggregation, library, archive or similar service); or
    • Remove the copyright or trade mark notice from any copies of FT Content made under these terms and conditions; or
    • create a database in electronic or structured manual form by systematically and/or regularly downloading, caching, printing and storing all or any of the FT Content (by spidering or otherwise); or
    • frame, harvest or scrape the FT Content or otherwise access the FT Content for similar purposes.

    You acknowledge that "FT" and "Financial Times" are registered trade marks and that you may not use them without written permission from FT.

    • may display an FT logo (read our display guidelines here) but must not otherwise use any FT trade marks without permission from FT;
    • may not remove, distort or otherwise alter the size or appearance of the logo;
    • may link to the homepage of FT.com, and on an ad hoc, non-systematic basis deeplink to other pages of FT.com;
    • must not in any way imply that FT is endorsing it or its products or services;
    • must not misrepresent its relationship with FT or present false information about FT;
    • must not be a site or service that infringes any intellectual property or other right of any person or that otherwise does not comply with all relevant laws and regulations;
    • must not be a site or service that contains content that could be construed as distasteful or offensive.

    FT expressly reserves the right to require that any link in breach of these terms and conditions be removed and to take whatever other action it deems appropriate.

    PLEASE NOTE THAT IN ADDITION AND WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO OUR RIGHTS AT LAW TO RESTRICT THE TYPES OF USE REFERRED TO ABOVE, THESE RESTRICTIONS ARE ALSO CONTRACTUAL IN NATURE AND BIND ALL USERS OF FT.COM.

    2. Privacy Policy and Registration

    All information received by you from your use of FT.com will be used by FT in accordance with our Privacy Policy.

    On registration, you must provide FT with accurate, complete registration information and it is your responsibility to update and maintain changes to that information on the applicable FT.com registration pages. This is particularly important if you subscribe to receive any Paid For Services. FT is entitled to rely on any information you provide to us.

    Each registration is for a single user only. On registration, you will choose a user name and password ("ID"). FT does not permit any other person sharing your ID or access through a single ID being made available to multiple users on a network or within an organization. FT may cancel or suspend your access to FT.com if you do this without further obligation to you.

    You are responsible for all use of FT.com made by you or anyone else using your ID and for preventing unauthorised use of your ID. If you believe there has been any breach of security such as the disclosure, theft or unauthorised use of your ID or any payment information, you must notify FT immediately by e-mailing us at help@ft.com. We recommend that you do not select an obvious user password (such as your name) and that you change it regularly.

    If you provide FT with an email address that will result in any messages FT may send you being sent to you via a network or device operated or owned by a third party (e.g. your employer or college) then you warrant that you are entitled to receive those messages. You also agree that FT may refrain from sending messages to you without notifying you.

    If you register with FT.com or if you subscribe to FT.com Subscription Services (see Section 9 below) then you may choose to use FT.com's "Remember me" log in feature that enables you to be logged in automatically to FT.com whenever you visit without having to manually log in each time. However, we recommend that you do not enable this feature on any computer that is or may be used by anyone other than you in order to prevent unauthorized access by third parties to both your subscription details and features of FT.com personal to you.

    3. Discussion Forums

    FT.com and FTAlphaville includes discussion forums and blogs that allow interaction between users and between users and FT journalists (”Forums”). While FT does not control the information/materials posted to Forums by users (the ”User Content”), it reserves the right (which it may exercise at its sole discretion without notice) to delete, move or edit the User Content and to terminate your access to and use of the Forums and you waive any moral rights that you may have in regard to the User Content.

    You must comply with any rules posted by FT on a Forum. You may not:

    • post, link to or otherwise publish any User Content containing any form of advertising or promotion for goods and services or any chain Messages or "spam";
    • post, link to or otherwise publish any User Content with recommendations to buy or refrain from buying a particular security or which contain confidential information of another party or which otherwise have the purpose of affecting the price or value of any security;
    • post, link to or otherwise publish any User Content that are unlawful, threatening, abusive, libelous, indecent, infringe copyright or other rights of third parties or which contain any other form of illegal content;
    • disguise the origin of any User Content;
    • impersonate any person or entity (including FT employees or Forum guests or hosts) or misrepresent any affiliation with any person or entity;
    • post or otherwise publish any User Content unrelated to the Forum or the Forum's topic;
    • post or transmit any User Content that contain software viruses, files or code designed to interrupt, destroy or limit the functionality of FT.com or any computer software or equipment;
    • collect or store other users' personal data;
    • restrict or inhibit any other user from using the Forums.

    You are solely responsible for the content of your User Content. By submitting User Content to any Forum you agree to indemnify FT from all claims, costs and expenses (including legal expenses) arising out of any User Content posted or published by you that are in breach of this Section 3. You warrant and represent that you own or otherwise have all of the necessary rights to the User Content that you post on any FT Forum and that you have used best endeavours to ensure that the content is accurate and in compliance with these Terms and Conditions.

    The Forums contain User Content submitted by users over whom FT has no control. FT cannot guarantee the accuracy, integrity or quality of any User Content. Some users may breach these terms and conditions and post User Content that is misleading, untrue or offensive. You must bear all risk associated with your use of the Forums and should not rely on any User Content or FT Content in making (or refraining from making) any specific investment or other decisions.

    FT journalists (who will be clearly identified as such) will also contribute material to the Forums in order to stimulate discussions and ensure the smooth running of the Forums. The Forums may also contain messages from special guests, Forum hosts and or other third parties selected by FT. The opinions of those FT journalists and special guests/Forum hosts are their own and are not necessarily endorsed by FT. They should not be considered by you as professional advisers.

    By submitting User Content to any Forums you are granting FT and its affiliates and related entities a worldwide perpetual, royalty-free, irrevocable, non-exclusive licence to use, reproduce, modify, translate, display, archive, make available, distribute, sub-license and make derivative works from the User Content in whole or in part and in any form or media. This may include personal information such as your user name and alias and your expressions of opinion. FT reserves the right to contact you by e-mail with regard to your use of the Forums.

    It is not possible for FT to fully and effectively monitor when User Content may infringe the copyright of a third party or other third party rights

    If you believe that User Content infringes any legal rights that you may have, you should notify FT immediately with specific details by contacting us at help@ft.com or report.comments@ft.com.

    4. Technical Requirements and Site Security

    FT.com is best viewed with one of our supported browsers. Our current list of supported browsers and the degree to which they are supported can be found here. Any payment information you send to us over the Internet is encrypted using 128 bit Secure Socket Layer technology. SSL is currently the preferred method to securely transfer credit card data over the Internet.

    5. WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

    The FT Content is only for your general information and use and is not intended to address your particular requirements. In particular, the FT Content, including User Content and any other content provided by third parties and distributed by FT.com, does not constitute any form of advice, recommendation, representation, endorsement or arrangement by FT and is not intended to be and should not be relied upon by users in making (or refraining from making) any specific investment or other decisions. Appropriate independent advice should be obtained before making any such decision. Any agreements, transactions or other arrangements made between you and any third party named on (or linked to from) FT.com are at your sole risk and responsibility. Any information that you receive via FT.com whether or not it is classified as ”real time”, may have ceased to be current by the time it reaches you and share price information may be rounded up/down and therefore not entirely accurate. FT is not responsible for any use of the FT Content by you outside its scope as stated in these terms and conditions.

    LIMITED WARRANTY
    OUR LIABILITY EXCLUSION

    TO THE FULL EXTENT ALLOWED BY APPLICABLE LAW, YOU AGREE THAT FT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY LOSSES WHICH RELATE TO YOUR BUSINESS OR INVESTMENT CHOICES OR WHICH ARE NOT A DIRECT CONSEQUENCE OF YOUR USE OF FT.COM (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OF PRIVACY OR LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO DATA) OR WHICH ARISE AS A RESULT OF YOU USING FT.COM OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS.

    IN ADDITION TO BUT SEPARATE FROM THE ABOVE SPECIFIC EXCLUSION AND TO THE FULL EXTENT ALLOWED BY APPLICABLE LAW, YOU ALSO AGREE THAT FT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY OTHER INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER THAT ARISE OUT OF OR ARE RELATED TO YOUR USE OF FT.COM.

    YOUR REMEDIES

    FT SHALL USE REASONABLE ENDEAVOURS TO PROMPTLY REMEDY ANY FAULTS IN FT.COM OF WHICH IT IS AWARE.

    YOU AGREE THAT YOUR ONLY OTHER REMEDY (INCLUDING FOR NEGLIGENCE) FOR ANY DAMAGES THAT YOU INCUR ARISING OUT OF YOUR USE OF FT.COM (TO THE EXTENT THAT FT'S LIABILITY IS NOT EXCLUDED BY THIS SECTION 5) IS AS FOLLOWS:

    • IF YOU HAVE SUBSCRIBED TO RECEIVE ANY PAID FOR SERVICES, YOUR REMEDY IS LIMITED TO THE DIRECT DAMAGES YOU ACTUALLY INCUR ARISING OUT OF YOUR USE OF FT.COM. THIS IS SUBJECT TO A LIMIT EQUAL TO THE FEE PAID BY YOU TO FT PURSUANT TO THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS DURING THE YEAR IN WHICH THE DAMAGE IS INCURRED. YOU MAY AT YOUR OPTION RECEIVE PAID FOR SERVICES TO THE EQUIVALENT VALUE OF THIS LIMIT IN PLACE OF MONETARY DAMAGES.
    • IF YOU HAVE NOT SUBSCRIBED TO RECEIVE ANY PAID FOR SERVICES, THEN TO THE EXTENT WE CANNOT REMEDY THE RELEVANT FAULT IN FT.COM, YOUR REMEDY IS LIMITED TO RECEIVING PAID FOR SERVICES AT NO COST UP TO THE VALUE OF THE DIRECT DAMAGES YOU ACTUALLY INCUR ARISING OUT OF YOUR USE OF FT.COM. THIS IS SUBJECT TO A LIMIT EQUAL TO THE VALUE OF THE HIGHEST THEN APPLICABLE ANNUAL FT.COM SUBSCRIPTION FEE. YOU MAY NOT RECEIVE MONETARY DAMAGES.

    IF A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION DETERMINES THAT EITHER OF THE ABOVE LIMITS ON OUR LIABILITY ARE UNENFORCEABLE, THEN YOU AGREE THAT IN ANY EVENT OUR TOTAL LIABILITY TO YOU SHALL NOT EXCEED DAMAGES GREATER THAN TWICE THE VALUE OF THE HIGHEST THEN APPLICABLE ANNUAL FT.COM SUBSCRIPTION FEE.

    The above disclaimers and restrictions on liability apply equally to your use of FT.com and all FT Content.

    OTHER INFORMATION

    Without limiting the above, FT is not liable for matters beyond its reasonable control. FT does not control postal or courier services, telephones, third party communications networks (including your Internet Service Provider), the Internet, acts of God or the acts of third parties.

    Notwithstanding anything else contained in the provisions of this Section 5, FT's liability will not be limited in the case of death or personal injury directly caused by FT's negligence.

    6. Third Party Sites and Services

    FT.com contains links to other Internet websites or online and mobile services provided by independent third parties ("Third Party Sites"), either directly or through frames. Third Party Sites may be co-branded with FT and so include FT's trade mark. FT is not responsible for the availability or content of Third Party Sites and will not be a party to, or in any way responsible for, any transaction concerning goods or services available from such Third Party Sites. If you purchase products or services from a Third Party Site your contract for such products or services will be with the third party and not with FT. Our Privacy Policy does not apply to Third Party Sites. This provision also applies to any Recruiters that users of the Jobs & classifieds section of FT.com may contact.

    Copyright in any software that is made available for download from FT.com belongs to FT or its suppliers. Your use of the software is governed by the terms of any licence agreement that may accompany or be included with the software. FT is not responsible for any technical or other issues that may arise if you download third party software. Do not install or use any software unless you agree to such licence agreement.

    FT.com contains advertising and sponsorship. Advertisers and sponsors are responsible for ensuring that material submitted for inclusion on FT.com complies with international and national law. FT will not be responsible for any error or inaccuracy in advertising or sponsorship material.

    7. Choice of Law and Jurisdiction

    These terms and conditions shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, English law.

    To the extent possible in the applicable jurisdiction, the parties irrevocably agree that the courts of England shall (subject to the paragraph below) have non-exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute which may arise out of, under, or in connection with these terms and conditions.

    For the exclusive benefit of FT and to the extent possible in the applicable jurisdiction, FT shall retain the right to bring or enforce proceedings as to the substance of the matter in the courts of the country of your residence or, where these terms and conditions are entered into in the course of your trade or profession, the country of the place of business in which you agreed to these terms and conditions or (if different) the country of your principal place of business.

    8. General

    You may not assign, sub-license or otherwise transfer any of your rights under these terms and conditions.

    If any provision of these terms and conditions is found to be invalid by any court having competent jurisdiction, the invalidity of that provision will not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of these terms and conditions, which shall remain in full force and effect.

    Failure by either party to exercise any right or remedy under these terms and conditions does not constitute a waiver of that right or remedy. Headings in these terms and conditions are for convenience only and will have no legal meaning or effect.

    9. Paid For Services

    (a) General

    FT operates the following ”PAID FOR” services: FT.com Subscription Services, FT Bundled Subscriptions (subscription to both FT newspaper and FT.com) and FT Mobile services. By subscribing to receive any of these Paid For Services, as well as the above terms and conditions, you are also agreeing to the terms in this Section 9. FT reserves the right to vary or terminate the Paid For Services and does not guarantee that a Paid For Service will remain paid for or that a free-of-charge service will remain free-of-charge. .

    The FT Bundled Subscription service is subject to availability and will depend on your chosen delivery location.

    You agree to pay any subscription fees at the rates in effect when the charges are incurred. If you already receive any Paid For Services through any corporate or business arrangement made with us, any payment terms below will not apply to you.

    You must provide us with complete and accurate payment information. You can pay by credit card. By submitting credit card payment details you warrant that you are entitled to purchase the Paid For Services using those payment details. In the case of unauthorised payments FT reserves the right to suspend or terminate your access to the Paid For Services. If we do not receive payment authorisation or any authorisation is subsequently cancelled, we may immediately terminate or suspend your access to any Paid For Services.

    FT will try to process your subscription promptly but does not guarantee that the Paid For Services will be available to you by any specified time. FT makes no offer, either to enter into a subscription contract or to provide any other good or service. FT reserves the right to reject any offer for any reason and without giving any reason. A contract with you for receipt of the Paid For Services will come into effect when FT confirms this to you. FT may use third parties to assist in the provision of the subscription services.

    There is no specific time limit applying to your use of the Paid For Services on these terms and conditions. However, FT reserves the right to suspend or terminate your subscription to the Paid For Services if you breach these terms and conditions, with or without notice and without further obligation to you.

    FT will charge you in British Pounds Sterling, United States Dollars, or Euros, depending on the service and your country of residence. You may also have to pay any applicable local taxes. Please click here for further tax information.

    As described in these terms and conditions, some FT Content is made available as part of a paid for subscription service. You are not permitted to deliberately attempt to access that content without paying the applicable subscription fee. Any attempt to do so is a breach of these terms and conditions and may also consititute an offence as a matter of law. FT fully reserves all rights it may have to enforce its rights under these terms and conditions or at law (any failure to do so is not a waiver of these rights). If you are using FT.com in an ‘at work’ capacity you should also read the “At work use” section in Section 1 above.

    (b) FT.com and FT Bundled Subscription Services
    (c) Residents of Certain Countries
    (d) FT Mobile services

    Services: FT will arrange for SMS messages to which you subscribe to be sent to your mobile device.

    FT SMS Services: FT will arrange for SMS messages to which you subscribe to be sent to your mobile device.

    SMS Services: You pay on a "pay per message" basis for each separate text message you are sent at the rate set out on the FT Mobile pages. Charges for these messages should be included by your operator on the telephone bill in the usual way and it is your responsibility to ensure that these charges are paid to your operator on time. The exact number of messages which you are sent each day (and therefore pay for) will depend on your subscription choices and the extent to which news breaks/share prices change. You will be credited for any messages that FT sends you in error if you are charged for them.

    FT Mobile Internet Services: if you subscribe to FT.com Subscription Services then you may also access premium FT content on the FT Mobile Internet Service at m.ft.com at no extra cost. For FT’s Mobile Internet third party Services offered through various network operators, a monthly subscription will be charged for premium FT content. This charge will appear on the monthly statement you receive from your operator. If you subscribe to FT Mobile Internet Services through a network operator then please note that although these terms and conditions continue to apply to your use of FT Content, you will also be subject to the third party’s terms and conditions that we recommend you read.

    FT.Mobile News Reader: Only Premium FT.com Subscription Service subcribers will have access to the FT Mobile News Reader with Latest News, World, Companies and Lex content

    FT Mobile Java Downloads: See www.ft.com/mobile for more information.

    10. Invitation Only Areas of FT.com

    FT.com contains sections or areas that are only accessible to users who have been invited by FT and who have been accepted by the FT to participate at its sole discretion. A subscription to FT.com does not grant a subscriber the right to access these restricted areas of FT.com.

    Any user who has been invited by the FT to access the restricted areas must be a registered user of FT.com and have accepted to be bound by these Terms and Conditions prior to obtaining access to any restricted areas of FT.com.

    We recommend that if you are invited to contribute to such a section, that you first read Section 3 above carefully.

    11. Your money and Fund Ratings

    If you are using either the Your money section or Markets and Funds data (including the Fund Directory and FT Fund Ratings sections) of FT.com, please read this Section 11 which will apply in addition to the above Sections 1-10:

    THE YOUR MONEY AND MARKETS AND FUNDS DATA AREAS OF FT.COM ARE DESIGNED FOR USE BY UNITED KINGDOM USERS ONLY. The information published on these pages is intended to be for your general information only. You should not rely upon their contents in making any particular investment or other decision which should only be made after consulting with a fully qualified financial adviser. The contents of these pages do not nor are they intended to constitute any form of investment advice or any inducement, invitation or recommendation relating to any of the products listed or referred to. Any arrangement made between you and a third party named on or linked to from these pages is at your sole risk and responsibility. FT does not sponsor, endorse or promote any financial products.

    Our databases of fund information are protected by both copyright and database right. FT has made a substantial investment in obtaining, verifying and presenting the contents of the database and these terms and conditions prohibit the extraction or re-utilisation of the contents of the database or parts of it.

    12. Jobs & classifieds

    13. Corporate Information

    FT.com and FT newspaper subscriptions are operated by The Financial Times Limited whose corporate details are as follows: registered office address is Number One Southwark Bridge, London SE1 9HL; company number is 227590; VAT number is 278 5371 21; and Data Protection Registration Number is Z7087146. In addition, the Your money and markets and funds data areas of FT.com are operated separately by FT Personal Finance Limited whose corporate details are as follows: registered office address is Number One Southwark Bridge, London SE1 9HL; company number is 3855520; VAT number is 278 5371 21; and Data Protection Registration Number is Z7670392. The Jobs area of FT.com is operated separately by Exec-Appointments Limited whose corporate details are as follows: registered office address is Number One Southwark Bridge, London SE1 9HL; company number is 04010964; VAT number is 278 5371 21; and Data Protection Registration Number is Z6435832. Any of these companies may assign its rights and obligations under these terms and conditions to any other company within the FT group of companies.

    14. Changes to Terms and Conditions

    These terms and conditions were published on 16 September 2008 and replace with immediate effect the terms and conditions previously published on 18 August 2006.