Ariel (city)
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| Region | West Bank | |
| District | Judea and Samaria Area | |
| Government | City (from 1998) | |
| Hebrew | אֲרִיאֵל | |
| Arabic | اريئيل | |
| Name meaning | Lion of God | |
| Population | 16,700 (2008) | |
| Area | 14,677 dunams (14.677 km2; 5.667 sq mi) | |
| Mayor | Ron Nachman | |
| Founded in | 1978 | |
Ariel (Hebrew: אֲרִיאֵל; Arabic: اريئيل) is an Israeli settlement and a city in the central West Bank. Established in 1978, its population at the end of 2008 was 16,700,[1] including 7,000 immigrants who came to Israel after 1990.[2] It is the fifth largest Jewish settlement and city in the West Bank.[citation needed] The Israeli Ministry of the Interior gave the municipality of Ariel the status of a city council in 1998.
In Hebrew, Ariel (pronounced Ari'el), literally means 'Lion of God'. "Ari" (Lion) in Hebrew is also a synonym for bravery and courage and it is also the symbol of the tribe of Judah. Ariel in the Hebrew Bible is one of the names for Jerusalem and the Temple of Jerusalem (Isaiah 29:1-8).
In July 2009, the city council approved the mayor's proposal to rename the city after former Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. The final decision is ultimately made by the Israeli government's 'Name Committee'. [3]
In January 2010, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, accompanied by leading figures in his governing coalition, declared Ariel the "capital" of the Samaria region, and an integral part of Israel. Ariel is the most populated Jewish community within the Samaria Regional Council.[4]
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[edit] History
At the beginning of 1978, a group of Israelis formed in order find a location in the hills of Samaria to create a new residential area. The leader of this group, Ron Nachman, chose the spot because of its strategic location on a possible Jordanian invasion route towards Israel's main population centre of Tel Aviv. In the spring of 1978, some of the group's men erected tents on the chosen hilltop, and in August 1978, a total of forty families came to live.
The original members of the group had gone through a screening process in order to put together a proper quality mix of skilled adults as well as young families that would be prepared psychologically to withstand starting a new settlement from scratch with little infrastructure and modern comforts. There were no paved roads or paths. Water was supplied periodically by a tanker truck. Electricity was provided by a generator since no electrical network existed in that area. Tents were replaced by prefabricated concrete blocks which served as living quarters, schools, and an infirmary. On September 1, 1978 the school year was officially opened.
As the community grew, a more heterogeneous mix of people joined the group including traditional Jews, as well as Orthodox Jews, though the city has kept its predominantly secular nature. The city now includes fourteen synagogues of various ethnic divisions of Orthodox Judaism.
The city has several shopping centres, two different industrial zones (divided into light and heavy industry), a library, and sports clubs.
In July 2008, Israel approved the construction of 27 new factories in Ariel, which were expected to be completed by September 2009.[5]
[edit] Geography
Ariel is situated about 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of the Green Line and 34 kilometres (21 mi) west of the Jordan River, Jordan's western border. Ariel is adjacent to the Palestinian Authority town of Salfit and southwest of Nablus. It is approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Petah Tikva, and 42 kilometres (26 mi) East of Tel Aviv to which it is connected by the Highway 5 and 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Jerusalem, to which it is connected by Highway 60.
Ariel's jurisdiction spans 14,677 dunams (14.677 km2; 5.667 sq mi),[6] and borders the Palestinian towns and villages Salfit, Marda and Iskaka.
[edit] Higher education
Ariel is home to the Ariel University Center of Samaria, founded in 1982. Current enrollment is 9,500 students, consisting of both Jewish and Arab students. In 2005, the Israeli government voted to support upgrading the College to university status. The change of status was not immediate since the decision only allowed the college to apply for revision by the Council for Higher Education in Israel which must ultimately approve any change. University status is an issue of prestige, increased government funding, as well as the ability to open post-graduate studies (which are already offered at the college) and issue doctorate degrees. Formerly called the 'Academic College of Judea and Samaria', it changed its name in August 2007 in the interim period and anticipation of achieving the more prestigious 'university' status.
[edit] West Bank barrier and legality
The Israeli West Bank barrier was originally planned to extend out from the Israeli border to Ariel, but challenges before the Israeli Supreme Court and international pressure have stopped it for now. Instead, Ariel has its own security fence surrounding it on three sides.[7] Like other settlements in the Israeli-occupied territories, Ariel is considered illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this.[8]
[edit] International relations
[edit] Twin towns — Sister cities
Ariel is twinned with:
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ "Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 1,000 Residents and Other Rural Population" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2009-09-30. http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2010/table3.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
- ^ "Population and Density Per Sq. Km in Localities Numbering Above 5,000 Residents" (PDF). Statistical Abstract of Israel, 2006. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2005-12-31. http://www1.cbs.gov.il/shnaton57/st02_14.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ Maayana Miskin (13 July 2009). "City of Ariel to be Named After Former PM". Israel National News. http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/132385. Retrieved 4 September 2009.
- ^ http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=167225
- ^ Tovah Lazaroff (2008-07-14). "W. Bank city of Ariel gets OK for 27 new factories". The Jerusalem Post. http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1215330967760. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
- ^ "Local Authorities in Israel 2005, Publication #1295 - Municipality Profiles - Ariel" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2005. http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/local_authorities2005/pdf/105_3570.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-03. (Hebrew)
- ^ Eric Westervelt, "Israeli Settlement Seeks Protection", National Public Radio [1]
- ^ Patience, Martin Kadima victory concerns settlers BBC, 31 March 2006
- ^ a b Hodorov, Irit (2008-09-26). "Gemini Sign". Yediot Petah Tikva (Yedioth Ahronoth).
- ^ "Mobile's Sister Cities". City of Mobile. http://ncsmobile.org/sister_cities.php. Retrieved 2009-11-26.
[edit] External links
- Ariel home page
- College of Judea & Samaria home page
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Coordinates: 32°6′21.6″N 35°11′16.43″E / 32.106°N 35.1878972°E
