INTRODUCTION TO THE SUNLEY PROJECT AND DOCUMENTS
Description of the Study by Robert Sunley
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Letter to the Students
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Guidelines
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Brief Biographies of
Contributors
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Brief Biographies of
Faculty Mentioned in
the Memoirs
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SECTION 1. ROLE OF THE ARTS
Statement by Robert
Sunley
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The artistic process as
a major goal.
*
Individual, active
anticipation was
fostered but not
required.
* Focus on really “seeing”
and
“thinking” for
oneself, not on the
production of art.
*
Self-direction, self-
discipline,
initiative,
development of the
whole person....
*
The arts were diffused
throughout the
education .... |
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General Methods
Harold Raymond: Innovative
teaching and creative classes were not confined to the fine arts. In my
work with Richard Carpenter (Ecology), Roland Boyden (History), Bob
Babcock (Government), I encountered some very innovative teaching and
classroom experimentation. Purely traditional teachers like Walter
Barnes may have been qualified, but their survival in the BMC atmosphere
was almost impossible.
Will Hamlin: Much teaching at
Black Mountain was, as at Goddard, traditionally "progressive"
– discussion led by faculty of materials read and/or written outside
of class: individual studies or tutorials: supervised and critiqued
"doing" in the arts and sciences including individual studio
or laboratory work.
Mary Brett Daniels: I was,
however, clear that the educational philosophy of BMC with its freedom
and intensely individual motivation and criteria, would be validated in
the broader academic world by those of us who "proved" its
worth by achievement in graduate schools.
Alexander Eliot: Rice wanted to
create an academic democracy ... It would consist of a hundred and some
students and faculty having freedom both to teach and to learn as they
themselves desired—never by rote or on demand.
Lucian Marquis: Here is part of
the BMC catalogue for 1942-43—Study and Curriculum: "Black
Mountain does not have the deep and sharp division that have existed
between work and play, between curricular and extracurricular
activities." In most American universities and colleges there is a
sharp division.
Mary Brett Daniels:
It is hard to
express the excitement and intensity of learning at BMC. Never really
enough time to read everything everyone else was excited about
reading.... Members of the faculty took each other's courses and were
working on projects together.
Robert Sunley:
The BMC response
to the complex nature of the entering students was different than the
usual liberal arts colleges. That overall response is typified by the
leading classes—those given by Rice and Albers: Rice's Plato class,
Albers' drawing and Werklehre classes. The former fostered critical and
participatory thinking in a group, challenging given ideas, examining
the complexities of general concepts. The latter emphasized direct
student experience—in drawing, in seeing, in "really
seeing," and in Werklehre expanding the realm of attention to the
world around, to its colors, shapes, textures and other qualities –
all one's own direct experience, not just reading and studying about
such matters. A student could experience drawing without the pressure of
competition, or measuring up to some standard – which elsewhere
usually keeps students from trying out things – the fear of
inadequacy, the fear of bad grades, the ignominy of not doing something
seemingly up to par even in the class. And learning to think, simple as
that might sound, took much personal involvement and risk, the
development of greater respect for one's own efforts and less anxiety
over unfavorable reactions from others.... Learning processes of
thinking, not only the content, is not easily acquired in the usual
college. The founder of one later experimental college (Bensalem) after
years of traditional education and college teaching experience, wrote
that "One day I made a discovery: I did not know how to
think!"
Sue Spayth Riley: With the
exception of Rice's philosophy class and his writing seminars, I came in
contact with very little innovative teaching in the straight liberal
arts courses.
Harold Raymond:
... rigorous
pressure in the whole atmosphere of the college was to do "serious,
meaningful" work of some sort. Courses which did not produce this
tended to create student dissatisfaction with themselves, classmates, or
most often, the teachers.
Claude Stoller: ... rubbing
elbows with writers, philosophers, historians, social scientists, and
listening to their impassioned discussions during meals ... broadened my
reading interests.
Harold Raymond:
Nearly all
(classes) involved extensive reading, papers, and class discussions.
Lectures were extremely rare....
Gisela Kronenberg Herwitz: During
my years at BMC, classes were generally quite small and permitted a
great deal of discussion. Considerable work—studying and analysis of
materials and written presentations—was involved.
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SECTION 2. TEACHERS
AND TEACHING
Introduction
Formal Aspects
of the
Curriculum
Class Size
Grades
Advisors
Junior Division
Senior Division
Graduation
Methods of Teaching
General
John Andrew Rice
Josef Albers
Erwin Straus
Robert Wunsch
Others
Personalities of Faculty
John
Rice
Josef
Albers
Robert
Wunsch
Heinrich
Jalowetz
Others
Outside the Classroom
In General
The Work Program
Visitors -
Trips
Drama
Interlude
Lectures, Concerts
Informal Interchange
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