Early in
1996, Craig
Byrnes, known to many Washington,
DC-area bears as Mr. Baltimore Bear Cub ’93 and
Mr. TBLC of Virginia ’94, began presenting area
clubs and organizations with a new flag—the
“INTERNATIONAL BEAR BROTHERHOOD
FLAG.” The flag
didn’t appear out of nowhere. In fact, this new
symbol of bear brotherhood had an earlier,
interesting
development. |
Craig’s work towards earning an undergraduate
degree in psychology involved designing a senior
project that would explore and discuss the bear
culture that has exploded since the early
1980s.
As a member of the Chesapeake
Bay Bears (CBB), he had become involved with
first-hand experience of the growing bear
movement. During the time of of his senior project
development, Craig thought it might be fitting to
design a flag that would best represent the bear
community (since there is no “official” bear flag)
and include it with the results of his research.
Craig was encouraged by his ex-husbear Bob
Nicholson, an Alumni Member of the District of
Columbia Bear Club (DCBC).
Bob bought a deluxe box of crayons for Craig's
birthday, and Craig began his search of suitable
colors for his flag. Craig constructed the
original flag drawing from the colors he selected.
After scanning the drawing, Craig enlisted DCBC
member Paul Witzkoske to create four
computer-generated templates from the original
artwork made in crayon from which the four
variations were sewing machine constructed of
lining material. Bob spent several hours on a
sewing machine making the first set of 3' x 5'
flags out of simple lining material. Craig won
approval to display the four prototype flags at
the CBB “Bears of Summer” events in July of 1995.
Bears were asked to put a quarter in the
appropriate box to indicate which flag they
thought would best represent the bear community
and the proceeds were donated to CBB to add to its
AIDS fundraising collections.
The winning design is the one you find promoted
here. It’s a field of simple horizontal stripes
with a paw print in the upper left corner—a layout
familiar to anyone who has seen the Leather Pride
Flag. The colors represent the fur colors and
nationalities of bears throughout the world and
was designed with inclusivity in mind.
|
| Bob
Nicholson stitched four copies of the winning
design out of standard flag nylon. One was sent to
a flag manufacturer for the possibility of mass
production and distribution to the bear community.
Another original was sent to Lurch in San
Francisco as a memento of his visit to Washington,
DC and his participation as Master of Ceremonies
for the“Bears of Summer” contest. Paul was
presented an original hand-sewn flag for assisting
Craig in making his design into a computer
generated graphic, and Craig and Bob kept the last
flag as a reminder of the process.
As Craig says, “The ‘INTERNATIONAL BEAR
BROTHERHOOD FLAG’ is presented to the bear
community with love and gratitude,” and he has
been very generous about donating flags to bear
clubs all over. But that’s not to mean that he
isn’t serious about marketing and selling this new
symbol. There are several other “bear flags” out
there that have not gained as much recognition,
and Craig can tell many stories about the reaction
his new symbol has received.
Craig is very serious about getting the flag
out and visible. Founder of the company—Bear
Manufacturing—has become the nameplate for a whole
line of bear-focused products. Craig has also
commissioned other Washington-area bears,
including the very talented Dave Williams, to
create new products for the company as well. Dave
created the very popular “Flag Raisers” and “Bear
Rip” illustrations which incorporate the INTERNATIONAL BEAR
BROTHERHOOD FLAG in ingenious ways.
The entrepreneurial spirit is alive and well in
the bear community! Other Flags in the greater lgbt
community
Bear Manufacturing
is proud to offer this history of other symbols
and flags in our community:
The gay community proudly displays many flags, here is the history
behind four of them: The gay pride flag, the leather pride flag, the
transgendered pride flag, and the bi-sexual pride flag
The Rainbow FlagThe Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of
Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community describes Rainbow
Flag as follows:
In 1978, Gilbert Baker of San Francisco designed and made a flag with
six stripes representing the six colors of the rainbow as a symbol of gay
and lesbian community pride. Slowly the flag took hold, offering a
colorful and optimistic alternative to the more common pink triangle
symbol. Today it is recognized by the International Congress of Flag
Makers, and is flown in lesbian and gay pride marches worldwide. In 1989,
the rainbow flag received nationwide attention after John Stout
successfully sued his landlords in West Hollywood, when they prohibited
him from displaying the flag from his apartment balcony. Meanwhile, Baker
is still in San Francisco, and still making more flags.
The Rainbow Flag by Steven W. Anderson appeared in GAZE
Magazine (Minneapolis), #191, on 28 May 1993, p. 25:
Color has long played an important role in our community's expression
of pride. In Victorian England, for example, the color green was
associated with homosexuality. The color purple (or, more accurately,
lavender) became popularized as a symbol for pride in the late 1960s - a
frequent post-Stonewall catchword for the gay community was "Purple
Power". And, of course, there's the pink triangle. Although it was first
used in Nazi Germany to identify gay males in concentration camps, the
pink triangle only received widespread use as a gay pop icon in the early
1980s. But the most colorful of our symbols is the Rainbow Flag, and its
rainbow of colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple -
represents the diversity of our community.
The first Rainbow Flag was designed in 1978 by Gilbert Baker, a San
Francisco artist, who created the flag in response to a local activist's
call for the need of a community symbol. (This was before the pink
triangle was popularly used as a symbol of pride.) Using the five-striped
"Flag of the Race" as his inspiration, Baker designed a flag with eight
stripes: pink, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
According to Baker, those colors represented, respectively: sexuality,
life, healing, sun, nature, art, harmony, and spirit. Baker dyed and sewed
the material for the first flag himself - in the true spirit of Betsy
Ross.
Baker soon approached San Francisco's Paramount Flag Company about mass
producing and selling his "gay flag". Unfortunately, Baker had hand-dyed
all the colors, and since the color "hot pink" was not commercially
available, mass production of his eight-striped version became impossible.
The flag was thus reduced to seven stripes.
In November 1978, San Francisco's gay community was stunned when the
city's first openly gay supervisor, Harvey Milk, was assassinated, Wishing
to demonstrate the gay community's strength and solidarity in the
aftermath of this tragedy, the 1979 Pride Parade Committee decided to use
Baker's flag. The committee eliminated the indigo stripe so they could
divide the colors evenly along the parade route - three colors on one side
of the street and three on the other. Soon the six colors were
incorporated into a six-striped version that became popularized and that,
today, is recognized by the International Congress of Flag Makers.
In San Francisco, the Rainbow Flag is everywhere: it can be seen
hanging from apartment windows throughout the city (most notably in the
Castro district), local bars frequently display the flag, and Rainbow Flag
banners are hung from lampposts on Market Street (San Francisco's main
avenue) throughout Pride Month. Visiting the city, one can not help but
feel a tremendous sense of pride at seeing this powerful symbol displayed
so prominently.
Although the Rainbow Flag was initially used as a symbol of pride only
in San Francisco, it has received increased visibility in recent years.
Today, it is a frequent sight in a number of other cities as well - New
York, West Hollywood, and Amsterdam, among them. Even in the Twin Cities,
the flag seems to be gaining in popularity. Indeed, the Rainbow Flag
reminds us that ours is a diverse community - composed of people with a
variety of individual tastes of which we should all be proud.
Sources used for this article were found at Quatrefoil Library in
St. Paul, and include: "Vexed by Rainbows", by Paul Zomcheck, in "Bay Area
Reporter" (June 26, 1986); "Rainbow Flag" in "The Alyson Almanac" (1989);
and "The Rainbow Flag", in "Parade 90: San Francisco Gay/Lesbian Freedom
Day Parade and Celebration" (June 24, 1990)
The Leather Pride
Flag
On May 28, 1989, at the International Mister Leather contest in
Chicago, Tony DeBlase presented his design for a Leather Pride Flag. In
an editorial in his Off The Top column in Drummer 131, written before
DeBlase's trip to Chicago, but not on the newsstands until afterwards,
he explained something of how the idea and design for the flag came
about.
"The rainbow flag has become the symbol of Gay and Lesbian
pride, and I have been proud to wear it on my clothing, march behind it
in parades, and hang it from my balcony. I was thrilled by the
rainbow-colored balloons used in the opening and closing ceremonies of
Gay Games II and the spectacular rainbow of balloons that arched over
the main stage at the G&L pride rally here in San Francisco a
couple of years ago."
"For the 20th anniversary of Stonewall, I
felt that the time was right for the Leather men and women, who have
been participating in these same parades and events more and more
visibly in recent years, to have a similar, simple, elegant banner that
would serve as a symbol of their own identity and interests. I decided
that calling a committee meeting to design it would
be counterproductive, so I just did it. I consulted with most of the
staff here at Drummer, and some of their suggestions were incorporated.
I do not expect this design to be the final form, but [rather] the
basis from which a widely accepted banner will evolve."
"A
prototype was constructed and displayed at the International Mr. Leather
Contest in Chicago on May 28. It seemed to be enthusiastically welcomed. I
am having a few more flags manufactured. Drummer will be presenting one
each to the Leather men and women of New York City and of San Francisco. I
have asked GMSMA to be the custodian of the former and The Society of
Janus and The Outcasts to be custodians of the latter. With luck, both
flags will be ready in time to be carried by the Leather contingents in
each of theses two major pride parades. Drummer will also donate flags to
the National Leather Association and to Chicago Hellfire Club. Both of
these are groups with which I have been intimately involved for quite some
time, and both host major events for the Leather and/or SM
community."
"The flag is composed of nine horizontal stripes of
equal width. From the top and from the bottom, the stripes alternate black
and royal blue. The central stripe is white. In the upper left quadrant of
the flag is a large red heart. I will leave it to the viewer to interpret
the colors and symbols."
"Desmodus Inc. [DeBlase's company, at the
time, publisher of Drummer] has a copyright on the design and anyone
wishing to use it for purely commercial purposes must receive our written
approval. However, we welcome members of the Leather/SM community to use
the design for flags, banners, pins, printed material, etc. to be
distributed free or sold at cost, or to be used for fund raising for
not-for-profit causes that benefit Leather men and women. No permission is
required for these uses, but we do ask that you inform us of the use and,
where possible, send us samples."
"We have had cloisonné pins made.
These are about 1" wide and are available for $5. Photos of the flag at
IML and, hopefully, in the parades as well, will be in Drummer
132."
There was some debate about DeBlase's audacity. How dare he
design a flag without convening a committee of important leather men and
women? Did he think he would get away with this? Well, no, he didn't
intend to "get away with" anything. As he said in the editorial, "I do not
expect this design to be the final form," but indignity requires no
excuse.
Nonetheless, the enthusiastic welcome the design received
at IML was barely the beginning. Before anyone really had a chance to
think whether the design should or shouldn't be changed, it was
everywhere. In fact, perhaps strangely, Drummer magazine, did not work for
the adoption of the flag with anything like the fervor you might expect.
The process took on a life of its own and, in effect, ignored the fact
that the designer was waiting for feedback and expecting to make changes.
The promised pictures in the next issue of Drummer were hardly a push for
acceptance.
In the IML coverage, Mister Marcus mentioned the
presentation of the flag and that it had already appeared in "gay parades
across the country." Marcus also said, "The flag obviously represents the
leather/SM fraternity and their caring, loving brotherhood." No pictures
of the flag or its presentation at IML were published. What's more, the
nine parade pictures published, five of them showing the new flag, were in
black and white. The [parade] coverage [also] mentioned that the flag was
flown over the Society of Janus booth in San Francisco and that several
Portland, OR, leather women had "sewed their own leather pride
flag."
The Portland flag followed the DeBlase design exactly. On
the back cover of that issue of Drummer, the new IML, Guy Baldwin, and his
runners up were pictured in front of the flag. The next Drummer-
designer-related appearance of the leather pride flag was in September, on
stage at the Mr. Drummer finals, and the flag that graced the stage (along
with gay pride flags) appeared on the cover of Drummer 135—just in the
background.
The following September, at the next Mr. Drummer
contest, one of the most interesting events was the arrival of Clive
Platman, a New Zealander in San Francisco to represent Australia in the
Mr. Drummer finals. He brought with him a new version of the flag, its
first major variant. Over the now-established stripes, Laurie Lane of
Laurie Lane's Leather World, had appliquéd the stars that also appear on
Australia's national flag.
By this time there were authorized and
unauthorized version of the flag for sale in endless forms: pins, bumper
stickers, patches and even Christmas ornaments, but the Aussie flag set
off a stir. Everyone began working at variants, some of them great
extensions of the flag and its purpose (titleholders' sashes), others
downright funny (a Thanksgiving card on which the red heart is replaced by
a roast turkey in red). But there was definitely no doubt by the time of
the 1991 Drummer contest that the flag was, as DeBlase had hoped, "a
widely accepted banner." And, even at this time, Drummer was not pushing
the leather pride design. In fact, the only ad for the leather pride
design was a small classified ad offering the original pins at $6, 2 for
$10.
Now, in 1997, the leather pride flag design is just eight
years old—its ninth birthday being at the IML contest in May, 1998 — and
it is solidly accepted around the world. Used and reused everywhere,
twisted and warped into every shape, wrapped around every kind of product
and made of every material from leather to crochet yarn. It has even been
worked into the permanent colors of some leather clubs, a use that DeBlase
sees as particularly significant, a special level of
acceptance.
The original prototype of the flag and many, many
examples of the design's application are on exhibit at the Leather
Archives and Museum in Chicago. Among the examples, you could see there
are: window stickers, run pins, key chains, beaded safety pins, business
cards, jewelry, the logo of Bandanna magazine, the cover of a cookbook,
letterhead and a hand-crocheted cock and ball cover (a cozy?). We have
also seen the colors and design elements of the leather pride flag used as
whip handles and whole whips, worked into clothing designs, done as
tattoos and hair dye jobs, and many, many times as cake
decoration.
Of course, the leather pride flag has flown as an arch
of balloons at any number of events, perhaps completing the circle from
the inspiration DeBlase started with to the fully realized emblem we have
today.
THE TRANSGENDER FLAG
And finally, an AiB Exclusive--the Transgender Pride Flag
(c)1999. Yes, indeedy--it's about time we had our own symbol to
represent the community, ain't it? Bears have theirs. Leathermen
have theirs. Why can't we have ours? And might we say that we
feel these designs, designed by your friendly neighborhood Captain,
embodies all aspects of our identities. Whether we're transgender or
transsexual, going from male (blue) to female (pink) or from female (pink)
to male (blue), or just somewhere in between, both flag designs capture
the subtlties and the strengths of our spirits (and the white accents in
between the lines are the--supposedly--the little triumphs that happen
upon us during our journies to become whole (the flag as a whole)).
The lavender-colored sex symbol--not to be confused with The Artist
Currently Not Known as Purple's symbol--can also designate FtM/MtF/or
Intersexed/Both/ Shifting. As you can see, both flag designs/symbols
can be used to encompass all types of gender variation. Hell, who
knows, maybe it just might catch on (and Cpt. John will be elated--even
moreso when he get credit for the design).
The History of the Bi Pride Flag
by Michael Page.
The first Bi Pride Flag was unveiled on Dec 5, 1998. The intent and purpose of the
flag is to maximize bisexual pride and visibility. This flag is for free public usage.
As a result of volunteer work I was doing for BiNet USA, it occurred to me that if bi
people were going to be visible at home, pride events and political rallies, we
needed a Bi Pride Flag! At that time, there were, in my opinion, no suitable bisexual
icons that were colorful or prominent enough to gain instant and long lasting
recognition as a flag. At the time, there were bi angles - an inverted double triangle,
the bi symbol - a 3 looped symbol and various shaped symbols created to represent
local groups of bi people.
There is no question that bi people have helped foster the gay and lesbian movement
we have witnessed since the Stonewall riots of 1969. One problem for bisexuals
remains their invisibility. This was also a problem for gays and lesbians prior to 1969
as very few were willing to "come out".
In 1978, Gilbert Baker of San Francisco, who I personally met in Italy at World Pride
2000, created the Rainbow Flag. Each color held it's own meaning and was intended to
represent diversity of the gay and lesbian community. The effective mass visibility of
this icon is indisputable.
Based on my own personal experience, the vast majority of bi people I have spoken
with, feel no connection to the rainbow flag, the pink triangle, the black triangle, the
Lambda symbol or the double-edged hatchet. These symbols are viewed as gay and
lesbian icons, which was their initial intent. Search the history of the rainbow flag on
the Internet and you will see what I mean.
It is my belief that bi people need their own flags and symbols to rally around. I
believe we (GLBT - Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgendered) are at times extremely
united, but in our communities usually separate.
In designing the Bi Pride Flag, I selected the colors and overlap pattern of the bi
angles symbol. I selected, which to me, is the most attractive combination of pink,
purple and blue. In flag-maker parlance this is magenta - PMS 226 (pink), lavender -
PMS 258 (purple) and royal - PMS 286 (blue). I decided to make the top of the flag pink
and would give it 40% of the vertical dimension. Purple, which is the resultant color
when you overlap pink and blue, would be the middle stripe and would be 20% of the
dimension. The lower 40% would be blue.
SYMBOLISM:
The pink color represents same sex attraction (gay and lesbian), the blue
represents attraction to the opposite sex (straight) and the resultant overlap color
purple represents sexual attraction to both (bi). The key to understanding the
symbolism in the Bi Pride Flag is to know that the purple pixels of color blend
unnoticeably into both the pink and blue, just as in the "real world" where bi
people blend unnoticeably into both the gay/lesbian and straight communities.
The Bi Pride Flag is the only bisexual symbol not patented, trademarked or service
marked. Please use the exact PMS colors listed above. If we are going to be effective
with this flag, we need to be consistent with our colors. This flag continues to be
distributed on a global scale through BiCreations. In it's short history, the Bi Pride Flag
has been visible in many important GLBT events world-wide. A few of these events
may be seen under Events Photos .
Bi Pride Flags and gift items are available at
BiCreations.com
Rainbow
Pride Gender
Pride Leather
& Bear Pride Pink
Triangles
Rainbow
Pride and Related Symbols
The rainbow flag has become the
easily-recognized colors of pride for the gay
community. The multicultural symbolism of the
rainbow is nothing new -- Jesse Jackson's Rainbow
Coalition also embraces the rainbow as a symbol of
that political movement. The rainbow also plays a
part in many myths and stories related to gender
and sexuality issues in Greek, Native American,
African, and other cultures.
Use of the rainbow flag by the gay community
began in 1978 when it first appeared in the San
Francisco Gay and Lesbian Freedom Day Parade.
Borrowing symbolism from the hippie movement and
black civil rights groups, San Francisco artist
Gilbert Baker designed the rainbow flag in
response to a need for a symbol that could be used
year after year. Baker and thirty volunteers
hand-stitched and hand-dyed two huge prototype
flags for the parade. The flags had eight stripes,
each color representing a component of the
community: hot pink for sex, red for life, orange
for healing, yellow for sun, green for nature,
turquoise for art, indigo for harmony, and violet
for spirit.
The next year Baker approached San Francisco
Paramount Flag Company to mass-produce rainbow
flags for the 1979 parade. Due to production
constraints -- such as the fact that hot pink was
not a commercially-available color -- pink and
turquoise were removed from the design, and royal
blue replaced indigo. This six-color version
spread from San Francisco to other cities, and
soon became the widely-known symbol of gay pride
and diversity it is today. It is even officially
recognized by the International Congress of Flag
Makers. In 1994, a huge 30-foot-wide by
one-mile-long rainbow flag was carried by 10,000
people in New York's Stonewall 25 Parade.
The rainbow flag has inspired a wide variety of
related symbols, such as freedom rings and other
accessories. There are plenty of variations of the
flag, including versions with a blue field of
stars reminiscent of the American Stars and
Stripes and versions with superimposed lambdas,
pink triangles, or other symbols.
The Victory Over AIDS Flag modifies the
rainbow flag by adding a black stripe at the
bottom. Suggested by a San Francisco group, the
black stripe commemorates those we have lost to
AIDS. Sergeant Leonard Matlovich, a much-decorated
Vietnam Veteran dying of AIDS, proposed that when
a cure is eventually found the black stripes
should be removed from all the flags and
ceremoniously burned in Washington, D.C.
Gender
Pride and Related Symbols
Gender Symbols are common astrological
signs handed down from ancient Roman times. The
pointed Mars symbol represents the male and the
Venus symbol with the cross represents the female.
Double interlocking male symbols have been used by
gay men since the 1970s. Double interlocking
female symbols have often been used to denote
lesbianism, but some feminists have instead used
the double female symbols to represent the
sisterhood of women. These same feminists would
use three interlocking female symbols to denote
lesbianism. Also, some lesbian feminists of the
1970's used three interlocking female symbols to
represent their rejection of male standards of
monogamy.
Also in the 1970s, gay liberation movements
used the male and female symbols superimposed to
represent the common goals of lesbians and gay
men. These days, the superimposed symbols might
also denote a heterosexual aware of the
differences and diversity between men and women. A
transgendered person might superimpose the male
and female symbols in such a way that the arrow
and cross join on the same single ring.
The astrological sign of Mercury is
traditionally the symbol of transgendered peoples.
In Greek mythology, Hermes (the Greek version of
the Roman god Mercury) and Aphrodite (the goddess
of love) had a child named Hermaphroditus. That
child possessed both male and female sexual
organs, hence the term hermaphrodite. Also,
rituals associated with the worship of Aphrodite
are believed to have been highly sexual, involving
castration, transvestism, and homosexual
relations.
In the symbol itself, the crescent moon at the
top is supposed to represent the masculine, and
the cross at the bottom represents the feminine.
The ring represents the individual, with the male
and the female balanced at either side.
Inspired by the gender symbols, the IFGE
Logo is another symbol for transgendered
peoples. The International Foundation for Gender
Education is an educational and charitable
organization addressing crossdressing and
transgender issues. One of the organizations
logos, this symbol combines the lavender color and
the pink triangle shape with a ring denoting
various genders all fused into one. This is a
copyrighted symbol, but you can use it for
non-commercial purposes to denote transgendered or
gender-supportive individuals. For more
information, visit the IFGE
Home Page.
Leather
Pride and Related Symbols
The Leather Pride Flag is a symbol for
the leather community, which encompasses those who
are into leather, Levi's, sado-masochism, bondage
and domination, uniform, cowboys, rubber, and
other fetishes. The flag was created by artist
Tony DeBlase and first displayed on May 28, 1989,
at the Mr. Leather contest in Chicago. Although
the flag is often common in the gay community, it
is not a "gay-only" symbol.
Reportedly, gay leather aficionados might also
modify a rainbow flag to have a black stripe
instead of a violet one. (However, this version
might be confused with the "Victory Over AIDS"
version of the rainbow flag, as they are similar.)
The Bear Pride Flag is a symbol used by
some "bears," gay men marked by an abundance of
hair on their face, chest, and body. Bears also
tend to be older, and perhaps larger or chubby.
There does not seem to be one single symbol that
represents bears in general. Rather, there are
many symbols that have been adopted by local
clubs, bars, and other bear groups.
The Bear Pride Flag shown below is from Spags,
a Seattle bear bar. The colors of the flag
represent the earth and the various bears that
live between the sky and the ground. The golden
yellow paw shaped sun represents the spirit and
brotherhood of bears all over the world. The blue
stripe represents the sky; white for polar bears;
black for black bears; brown for brown bears; and
green for Earth.
Another popular bear flag is the
International Bear Brotherhood Flag,
"designed with inclusivity in mind and
represent[ing] the fur colors and nationalities of
bears throughout the world." Thanks to merchandise
availability and word-of-mouth, this flag has
became the dominant bear flag within the
community. For more information, please visit the
Bear
Manufacturing web site. Note that this
symbol is copyright 1995, Craig Byrnes/Bear
Manufacturing VA763-760. It is provided on this
site with permission and is intended for personal,
non-commercial use only.
Additional bear clipart may be found at Resources
for Bears.
For information on another related BDSM symbol,
visit the Emblem
Project home page.
Pink
Triangle and Related Symbols
The pink triangle is easily one of the
more popular and widely-recognized symbols for the
gay community. The pink triangle is rooted in
World War II times, and reminds us of the
tragedies of that era. Although homosexuals were
only one of the many groups targeted for
extermination by the Nazi regime, it is
unfortunately the group that history often
excludes. The pink triangle challenges that
notion, and defies anyone to deny history.
The history of the pink triangle begins before
WWII, during Adolf Hitler's rise to power.
Paragraph 175, a clause in German law prohibiting
homosexual relations, was revised by Hitler in
1935 to include kissing, embracing, and gay
fantasies as well as sexual acts. Convicted
offenders -- an estimated 25,000 just from 1937 to
1939 -- were sent to prison and then later to
concentration camps. Their sentence was to be
sterilized, and this was most often accomplished
by castration. In 1942 Hitler's punishment for
homosexuality was extended to death.
Each prisoner in the concentration camps wore a
colored inverted triangle to designate their
reason for incarceration, and hence the
designation also served to form a sort of social
hierarchy among the prisoners. A green triangle
marked its wearer as a regular criminal; a red
triangle denoted a political prisoner. Two yellow
triangles overlapping to form a Star of David
designated a Jewish prisoner. The pink triangle
was for homosexuals. A yellow Star of David under
a superimposed pink triangle marked the lowest of
all prisoners -- a gay Jew.
Stories of the camps depict homosexual
prisoners being given the worst tasks and labors.
Pink triangle prisoners were also a proportionally
large focus of attacks from the guards and even
other inmates. Although the total number of the
homosexual prisoners is not known, official Nazi
estimates were an underwhelming 10,000.
Although homosexual prisoners reportedly were
not shipped en masse to the death camps at
Auschwitz, a great number of gay men were among
the non-Jews who were killed there. Estimates of
the number of gay men killed during the Nazi
regime range from 50,000 to twice that figure.
When the war was finally over, countless many
homosexuals remained prisoners in the camps,
because Paragraph 175 remained law in West Germany
until its repeal in 1969.
In the 1970s, gay liberation groups resurrected
the pink triangle as a popular symbol for the gay
rights movement. Not only is the symbol easily
recognized, but it draws attention to oppression
and persecution -- then and now. In the 1980s,
ACT-UP (AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power) began
using the pink triangle for their cause. They
inverted the symbol, making it point up, to
signify an active fight back rather than a passive
resignation to fate. Today, for many the pink
triangle represents pride, solidarity, and a
promise to never allow another Holocaust to happen
again.
Like the pink triangle, the black
triangle is also rooted in Nazi Germany.
Although lesbians were not included in the
Paragraph 175 prohibition of homosexuality, there
is evidence to indicate that the black triangle
was used to designate prisoners with anti-social
behavior. Considering that the Nazi idea of
womanhood focused on children, kitchen, and
church, black triangle prisoners may have included
lesbians, prostitutes, women who refused to bear
children, and women with other "anti-social"
traits. As the pink triangle is historically a
male symbol, the black triangle has similarly been
reclaimed by lesbians and feminists as a symbol of
pride and solidarity.
Reportedly, the burgundy triangle may
have been used to designate transgendered
prisoners. Unfortunately, I have not yet found a
resource to substantiate this suggestion.
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