3. Legacy of Vengeance-Seeking Group Grievance or Group Paranoia

  • History of aggrieved communal groups based on recent or past injustices, which could date back centuries
  • Patterns of atrocities committed with impunity against communal groups
  • Specific groups singled out by state authorities, or by dominant groups, for persecution or repression
  • Institutionalized political exclusion
  • Public scapegoating of groups believed to have acquired wealth, status or power as evidenced in the emergence of "hate" radio, pamphleteering and stereotypical or nationalistic political rhetoric
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