Around July 4 every year, Americans think a lot about what it means to be an American. A big part of our identity is the freedom of choice. The strong libertarian streak that runs through American politics reflects a don't-tread-on-me spirit that has been part of our national identity since Revolutionary War times.
This desire for choice is also reflected in the way we consume. We love outlet malls, big box retailers and warehouse clubs that are filled with a huge variety of products with many different variations of each. We prize the ability to control our own destiny, down to the level of which fabric softener to add to our laundry.
A paper in the June, 2011 issue of Psychological Science by Krishna Savani, Nicole Stephens and Hazel Markus suggests that Americans' affinity for choice comes with a social cost.
Because we believe that life is full of choices, when Americans focus on choice, we tend to be less generous to those people whose lives are not going well. It is as if our ability to make choices leads us to think that bad outcomes people suffer are largely a result of their own poor choices.
In one study, for example, people were made to think about choices by watching a video of a college student doing some everyday activities. Participants pressed a button every time the student in the video made a choice. A control group just pressed a button every time the student touched an object.
Later, people were asked questions about their support for affirmative action policies. People were less supportive of affirmative action when they focused on choices than when they did not. Another study showed that people were also less supportive of social policies like banning violent video games and reducing unhealthy foods in school lunches after thinking about choice than without thinking about choice.
Thinking about choice does not reduce people's support for any government policy, though. After focusing on choices, people were more supportive of policies like legalizing marijuana, which would reduce government's interference in people's lives.
Yet another study showed that people were more likely to blame the victim of an event like a heart attack, being physically abused or getting into a car accident after thinking about choice.
But this effect is not general to all people. In a final study, the authors tested college students in America and India. As before, some participants were led to think about choices, while others were not. Afterward, participants read about a poor 7-year-old boy from Mali. Americans who thought about choice were much less sympathetic and much less interested in helping the boy than those who did not think about choice. In contrast, the Indians were generally not affected by the manipulation of choice (and, if anything, tended to be more sympathetic toward the boy after thinking about choice than not).
Putting this all together, then, there is a dark side to the American cultural love of choice. When we are allowed to choose, it increases our own sense of agency. It makes us feel like we are in control of our lives. Of course, there are many factors that influence the course of our lives, and our own choices are only a part of that. Someone whose house was flooded after the recent spring rains was not in control of their of his or her destiny.
One reason why we help others is because we recognize that even people who make all the right choices may still suffer. Bad things do happen to good people.
But, the more that we, as Americans, focus on the bounty of choice around us, the less that we recognize that sometimes people need a little help to get back on their feet.
Follow Art Markman, Ph.D. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/abmarkman
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We are free to complain about how bad things suck, but not free even to determine what we put into our take out of our own bodies. Even Stalin gave his people the freedom to pick their nose with their left hand or their right hand, but to call Stalinist Russia free is only slightly more stupid than calling America free.
Choice WOULD be democracy. But we do not have it. What we have is the illusion of choice so we will go on believing that a system rapidly devolving into fascism is actually freedom.
Anyone who claims fighting for freedon is killing a million innocents in Iraq for oil needs his head examined. - Or get a REAL choice in new and not just red or blue coloured propaganda for the same thing: America has to rule the world.
It does not. And it is time we stopped believing that and gave the world the choices we long since abandoned to free market criminals.
People in general tend to be much more prone to help each other out when they think that the events that caused problems for them were beyond their control than when they feel that the problems were caused by their own choices.
The last point you have about people thinking they will be a multi-mill
Yes, there are plenty of American's believing that individual freedom and individual choice is ALL that our country was about... however, they have a very narrow view of freedom and independen
(1) These people are the ones who eat crap, are obese, have heart disease and diabetes and indeed - THEIR CHOICES have brought them to their current physical mess. And THEIR CHOICES and the consequenc
(2) These people are also the chain smokers who ruin the air of all people, and injure others with their second hand smoke because they feel it's their absolute right to put poison in their bodies. They throw their filthy cigarette butts in the water, the streets and on private property, without any regard whatsoever of others. They can certainly put all the poison they want in their bodies - as long as they don't expose me to their nastiness and injure MY health and my property. Unfortunat
(3) The offenders who have the biggest long-term affect on others are the lawmakers. They are so busy covering for their corporate benefactor
You make your choices, you take responsibi
i dont know
maybe some americans would like to not
go hungry because you sent their job overses
so you can buy a cheap chineese tv for the least amount of money.
it is all about YOU
when someone else is mentioned
you get very defensive about
how you are good and they are bad.
or for example we can plan as a culture or a society so that planning commission
the 'me and my money' society has fostered a plutocracy where the haves don't want the have nots to have anything.
If we can tell ourselves it's all that person's fault, we can just walk away and go on our merry, very smug way. After all, we've been so very smart and that other person so foolish (doesn't matter that what happened to the other person maybe had absolutely nothing to do with choice or self-respo