Penguins
- Adélie penguins
- Chinstrap penguins
- Emperor penguins
- Gentoo penguins
- King penguins
- Rockhopper penguins
- Royal penguins
- Unusual penguins
Penguins feed on small fish and krill, catching these one at a time. In turn, penguins become food for other marine animals, namely leopard seals and killer whales. On land their main predators are skuas and sheathbills (carnivorous birds that take both eggs and chicks).
All penguins are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, but the greatest concentrations are on Antarctic coasts and subantarctic islands. There are eighteen species of penguins, four of which live in Antarctica. Adelie and emperor penguins breed on the shores of the Antarctic continent and nearby islands while chinstraps breed on islands around Antarctica and gentoos are found on islands ranging from the Antarctic to the subantarctic. Another four species (King, royal, rockhopper and macaroni) live on the subantarctic islands.