Nadifloxacin (INN, brand names Acuatim, Nadiflox, Nadoxin, Nadixa, activon) is a topical fluoroquinolone antibiotic for the treatment of acne vulgaris.[1] It is also used to treat bacterial skin infections.
Pharmacology [edit]
Antibacterial spectrum [edit]
In vitro studies of nadifloxacin showed potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against aerobic Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria, including Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Nadifloxacin showed potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was similar to potency against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The drug was also active against new quinolone-resistant MRSA. Nadifloxacin does not show cross-resistance with other new quinolones.
In patients with skin lesions, topical application of nadifloxacin can result in plasma concentrations of 1 to 3 ng/ml. Consequently, it has been argued that it should not be used to treat relatively harmless diseases like acne vulgaris, risking the development of quinolone resistances.[2]
Mechanism of action [edit]
Nadifloxacin inhibits the enzyme DNA gyrase that is involved in bacterial DNA synthesis and replication, thus inhibiting the bacterial multiplication.
Pharmacokinetics [edit]
Following a single topical application of 10 g nadifloxacin 1% cream to normal human back skin, the highest plasma concentration was determined to be 107 ng/mL with an elimination half-life of 19.4 hours. Approximately 0.09% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine over 48 hours post- dosing. The plasma concentration reached a steady state on Day 5 of repeated administration study when nadifloxacin 1% cream was applied at 5 gm twice daily to normal healthy individuals for a period of 7 days. The plasma concentration reached a peak of 4.1 ng/ml at 8 hours post-final dosing with an elimination half-life of 23.2 hours. The urinary excretion rate reached 0.16% on Day 7.
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Murata K, Tokura Y (March 2007). "[Anti-microbial therapies for acne vulgaris: anti-inflammatory actions of anti-microbial drugs and their effectiveness]". J. UOEH (in Japanese) 29 (1): 63–71. PMID 17380730.
- ^ Steinhilber; Schubert-Zsilavecz, Roth (2004). Medizinische Chemie: Targets und Arzneistoffe. WVG Stuttgart.
(what is this?) (verify)
