WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium: the essentials

Rutherfordium is a synthetic element that is not present in the environment at all. It has no uses.

Table: basic information about and classifications of rutherfordium.
Name: Rutherfordium Symbol: Rf Atomic number: 104 Atomic weight: [ 265 ] Standard state: presumably a solid at 298 K CAS Registry ID: 53850-36-5	Group in periodic table: 4 Group name: (none) Period in periodic table: 7 Block in periodic table: d-block Colour: unknown, but probably metallic and silvery white or grey in appearance Classification: Metallic

Rutherfordium: historical information

Rutherfordium was discovered by Workers at the Nuclear Institute at Dubna, and the University of California, Berkeley, USA. at 1964 in USSR, United States. Origin of name: the origin of the Amercian Chemical Society preferred name is Lord "Rutherford", the physicist and chemist from New Zealand..

During 1964, scientists at Dubna in Russia claimed discovery of element 104 and suggested the name Kurchatovium and symbol Ku for the element, in honour of Igor Vasilevich Kurchatov (1903-1960), the late Head of Soviet Nuclear Research. Their experiments involved the collision reactions between ²⁴²Pu and ²²Ne ions. In 1969 an American group at Berkeley (California) in the USA reported isotopes of Element 104. Their experiments involved reaction high energy collisions between ²⁴⁹Cf and ¹²C. The American group also indicated that they were unable to reproduce the earlier Russian synthesis from1964. The American group proposed for the new element the name Rutherfordium (symbol Rf), in honour of Ernest R. Rutherford, the New Zealand physicist. Rutherfordium is now the preferred IUPAC name.

Rutherfordium: physical properties

Melting point: no data K
Boiling point: no data K
Density of solid: 17000 (predicted) kg m^-3

Ground state electron configuration: [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d².7s² (tentative)
Shell structure: 2.8.18.32.32.10.2
Term symbol: ³F₂ (tentative)
Pauling electronegativity: no data (Pauling units)
First ionisation energy: no data kJ mol^-1
Second ionisation energy: no data kJ mol^-1

Isolation

Isolation: only very small amounts of of element 104, rutherfordium, have ever been made. The first samples were made through nuclear reactions involving fusion of an isotope of plutonium, ²⁴²Pu, with one of neon, ²²Ne.

²²Ne + ²⁴²Pu → ²⁶⁰₁₀₄Rf + 4 ¹n

Isolation of an observable quantity of rutherfordium has never been achieved.

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Lu	Hf	Ta
Lr	Rf	Db

Rutherfordium	Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium	Rutherfordium
Rutherfordio	Rutherfordio
Rutherfordium	Rutherfordio

Rutherfordium
- Essential data: names, symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight; block, period, and group in periodic table; description; standard state; registry number; and isolation
- History: meaning of name; discovery; and history of the element
- Uses
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Rutherfordium around us
- Geology: Abundance of elements in the universe; the sun; meteorites; Earth's crust; oceans; and streams
- Biology: Abundance in humans; biological role; and health hazards)
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Chemistry and compounds
- Compounds: halides, oxides, sulfides, hydrides, and complexes; lattice energies; and reduction potentials
- Reactions of rutherfordium: reactions of rutherfordium with air; water; halogens; acids; and bases
- Electronegativities: Pauling; Sanderson; Allred Rochow; Mulliken-Jaffe; and Allen
- Bond enthalpies of diatomic species
- Lattice energies
Element properties
- Physics properties: Boiling point; melting point; density; molar volume; thermal conductivity; and electrical resistivity; bulk modulus; critical temperature; superconductivity temperature; hardness (mineralogical, Brinell, and Vickers); linear expansion coefficient; Poisson's ratio; reflectivity; refractive index; rigidity modulus; Young's modulus; velocity of sound
- Crystal structure
- Thermochemistry: enthalpies of atomization, fusion, and vaporization; thermodynamic properties
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Atom properties
- Electron shell properties: Electronic configuration; term symbol; electron affinity; ionization energies; and atomic spectra
- Atom sizes: atomic radius; Shannon and Pauling ionic radii; covalent radius; metallic radius; element bond length; and Van der Waals radius
- Atomic orbital properties: effective nuclear charge; electron binding energies; and valence orbital radii maxima
Nuclear properties
- Isotopes: isotope abundances; radioactive isotopes; isotope masses; nuclear spins; and nuclear magnetic moment
- NMR properties: frequencies; isotopes; magnetogyric ratios; quadrupole moments; receptivities; and relative sensitivities
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1 H																															2 He
3 Li	4 Be																									5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne
11 Na	12 Mg																									13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar
19 K	20 Ca															21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr
37 Rb	38 Sr															39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe
55 Cs	56 Ba	57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb	71 Lu	72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn
87 Fr	88 Ra	89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No	103 Lr	104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	108 Hs	109 Mt	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Cn	113 Uut	114 Fl	115 Uup	116 Lv	117 Uus	118 Uuo

Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium: the essentials

Rutherfordium: historical information

Rutherfordium: physical properties

Rutherfordium: orbital properties

Isolation

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