Most people associate breast cancer with women, however, men can develop breast cancer as well. According to the American Cancer Society, male breast cancer is rare. And men may not seek treatment for a lump in their breast as quickly as women. They may be embarrassed about speaking to their physician or may feel it affects their masculinity.
What are the risk factors for male breast cancer?
Age – most male breast cancers occur in men between the ages of 60 to 70.
Obesity – Estrogen is a hormone linked to the development of breast cancer. Estrogen is stored in fat cells and a higher level of stored estrogen will be found in overweight individuals.
Genetics – Individuals with close relatives who have had breast cancer may be at an increased risk (grandmother, mother, sister). Individuals with Klinefelter’s Syndrome (a condition related to having an extra X chromosome) also have an elevated risk.
Exposure to Radiation – previous radiation treatment to the chest may increase the chance of developing breast cancer.
What are suspicious findings?
- A lump in found in the breast or under the arm
-
Drainage from the nipple
-
Dimpling or puckering of the skin on the breast
-
A nipple that turns inward
What happens if a lump is found?
If a lump is found, it will need to be biopsied for definitive diagnosis. A small sample will be taken and sent to pathology. If the lump is determined to be breast cancer then treatment options can be discussed.
Even though we are always aware that male breast cancer is possible, fortunately, it’s uncommon and most breast masses in men are benign. They are often caused by an overgrowth of benign breast tissue and the condition is known as gynecomastia. The two conditions, gynecomastia and breast cancer, can be differentiated by clinical examination or needle biopsy. Ultrasound examination is also frequently helpful, but no always required.
What are treatments available for male breast cancer?
Treatment options include surgery for removal of the breast tissue and cancer, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy. Your surgeon or oncologist will discuss the options and help determine the optimal treatment. It is important to be educated about the condition and to be involved in the decision making steps.
Additional Resource: