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The Bhagavad
Gita
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The Bhagavad Gita has been
published in over two thousand editions, and translated into at least seventy
five languages. Its eighteen chapters and seven hundred shlokas have been
analyzed, commented upon, and interpreted from innumerable philosophical and
orthodox view points. These are daunting facts - and the lay reader might well
wonder whether he can at all connect with the text.
Of course yes, indeed yes. For
the core messages of God to man are simply and directly addressed. almost as if
He is speaking to you and me; and even though this is one of the great
cornerstones of Hinduism, its basic credo has an unmistakable universality that
goes beyond religious doctrine. Now more than ever, in the tumult of our
stressed lives, it is both relevant and contemporary. For the Gita is about
living; it is about love, not hate; it is about the joy of harmony, not the
bleakness of despair.
This most serene and sublime of
texts has as its setting the most violent of places - a field of war...
Kurukshetra, which is also Dharmakshetra, the field of righteousness,
where the battle between good and evil is about to take place. In the poem the
dialogue is between Krishna and Arjuna, and reported by Sanjaya to the blind
Kaurava king Dhritarashtra.
Chapter 1 |
Chapter 2
| Chapter
3 | Chapter
4 | Chapter
5
Chapter
1
The Yoga of Dejection
of Arjuna
Synopsis:
1-11: Description of the principal warriors on both sides with their
fighting qualities.
12-19: Blowing of conches by the warriors on both sides.
20-27: Arjuna observes the warriors drawn up for battle.
28-47: Overwhelmed by infatuation, Arjuna gives expression to his
faint-hearted-ness, tenderness and grief.
Click here for shlokas in groups 1.1-1.10
| 1.11-1.20 | 1.21-1.30 |
1.31-1.40 | 1.41-1.47
1.1 u®³q®Š¯Ç®ó
Eî¯X®:
u®Á£µ°qµä°
N®±Š®±£µ°qµä° š®î®±îµ°q¯ ‡®±±‡®±±q®é®|
¯î®±N¯: y¯0l®î®ýµÏÈ¶î® Oº N®±î®Áq® š®0c‡®±
||1||
1.1 Dhritarashtra said:
What came to pass, O Sanjaya, when-eager to battle-
my people and the sons of Pandu (Pandavas)
faced each other on the sacred ground of Kurukshetra ?
1.2 š®0c‡®± Eî¯X®:
u®³Ç®Ôî¯ q®± y¯0l®î¯x°N®0 ãl®0 u®±‡µ²Á°u®w®š¬
q®u¯|
AX¯‡®±Áº Ey¯š®î®±ºS®î®±ã Š¯b¯ î®X®w®0 A…äï°q¬
||2||
1.2 Sanjaya said:
When he saw the sons of Pandu drawn up in battle order,
Prince Duryodhana came to his Teacher Dronacharya and said:
1.3 y®ýµã°q¯0 y¯0l®±
y®¼q¯äw¯º AX¯‡®±Á î®±œ®r°0 X®î®±²î®¾¬|
ãl¯º u®±äy®u®y®¼qµä°o q®î® þǵã°o vðq¯
||3||
1.3 Behold, O Teacher, the mighty army of the
Pandavas,
arrayed for war by your own wise pupil, the son of Drupada.
1.4 Aq®ä ý®²Š¯ î®±œµ°Ç¯æš¯
†Ã°î®¾¯c±Áw®š®î®¾¯ ‡®±±v |
‡®±±‡®±±u¯wµ²° hý®Ï u®±äy®u®ý®Ï î®±œ¯Š®s®:
||4||
1.4 There can we see heroes, mighty
archers,
equal in prowess to Bhima and Arjuna;
Yuyudhana, Virata and Drupada, a Great warrior.
1.5 u®³Ç®ÔNµ°q®±š¬
Xµ°Oq¯w®: N¯þŠ¯cý®Ï ï°‡®±Áî¯w¬|
y®¼Š®²dq¬ N®±xԄµ²cý®Ï ýµ¶„®ãý®Ï w®Š®y®¼0S®î®:
||5||
1.5 Dhri9shtaketu, Chekitana, and the valiant
king of Kashi;
Purujit and Kauntibhoja and Shaibhya, foremost among men.
1.6 ‡®±±u¯w®±ãý®Ï
ïN¯ä0q® Eq®Ù¹b¯ý®Ï ï°‡®±Áî¯w¬ |
š¹„®uµ²ä u¹äy®uµ°‡®¾¯ý®Ï š®î®Á Iî® î®±œ¯Š®s¯:
||6||
1.6 Yudhamanyu, the powerful, and the
brave Uttamaujas,
the son of Subhadra, and the sons of Draupadi,
all of them Great Warrirors.
1.7 Aš¯âN®î®¾¬ q®±
ïþÇ¯Ô ‡µ± q¯xÝ„µ²°u® væbµ²°q®Ùî®±|
w¯‡®±N¯  šµ¶w®ãš®ã š¬0b¯Ýs®Á0 q¯w¬ …äï°ï±
qµ ||7||
1.7 And, O best of Brahmins, know
them also who are the principal warriors on our side, - the generals of my army.
For your information, I mention them:
1.8 „®î¯w¬ †Ã°î®±ý®Ï
N®oÁý®Ï N®³y®ý®Ï š®ï±r0c‡®±: |
Aý®æq¯Ú¯ ïN®oÁý®Ï š¹î®±u®rÙš®Ùsµ¶î® X® ||8||
1.8 Yourself and Bhishma and Karna and Kripa
who is ever victorious in battle;
and even so Ashvattama, Vikarna and Bhurisrava (the son of Somadatta).
1.9 Awµã° X® …œ®î®:
ý®²Š¯ î®±u®sµÁ° q®ãN®Ùd°ïq¯: |
w¯w¯ý®š®ôy®äœ®Š®n¯œ® š®îµÁ° ‡®±±u®Üïý¯Š®u¯œ®
||9||
1.9 And many other heroes, well versed in the
skills of war
and equipped with might weapons, who risk their lives for my sake.
1.10 Ay®‡®¾¯Áy®Ù¬
q®u®š¯âN®º …©º †Ã°Ç¯â†ÃŠ®¤q®º |
y®‡®¾¯Áy®Ù¬ ræu®îµ±°qµ°Ç¯º …©º †Ã°î®¾¯†ÃÊ®¤q®º
||10||
1.10 Unconquerable is this army of ours under
the guardianship of Bhishma; while theirs, marshaled by Bhima , seems easy to
conquer.
1.11
A‡®±wµ°Ç®± X® š®îµÁ°Ç®± ‡®±s¯„¯S®î®±î®›Ùq®œ®
|
†Ã°Ç®âîµ±°î¯†ÃŠ®£®0q®± „®î®0q®œ® š®î®Á Iî®
Ÿ ||11||
1.11 Therefore, stationed in your respective
positions on all fronts, do you all guard Bhishma in particular on all sides.
1.12 q®š®ã š®cÑw®‡®±w®êÇ®Á0
N®±Š®±î®³u®Üœ® zq¯î®±œ®œ® |
›0œ®w¯u®º ïw®Uµ²ã°XµÏȶŸ ý®0Pµ° u®u¹â
y®äq¯y®î¯w¬ ||12|
1.12 The grand old man of the Kauravas,
their glorious grand-uncle Bhishma, cheering up Duryodhana, roared like a lion
and blew his conch.
1.13 q®q®: ý®0P¯ý®Ï „µ¶‡®±Áý®Ï
y®oî¯w®N®Sµ²°î®±±P¯œ® |
š®œ®šµ¶î¯„®㜮w®ã0q® š® ý®…Ûš®±Ùî®±±Œµ²„®î®q¬
||13||
1.13 Then conches, kettledrums, tabors, drums
and trumpets suddenly blared forth and the noise was tumultuous.
1.14 q®q®: ýµæ°qµ¶œ®Á‡µ±¶‡®±±ÁNµÙ°
î®±œ®r š®ã0u®wµ ›Úqµ° |
¯u®î®: y¯0l®î®ýµÏÈ¶î® vî¹ã ý®0P¹ y®äu®u®âq®±:
||14||
1.14 Then, seated in a glorious chariot drawn
by white horses, Sri Krishna as well as Arjuna blew their celestial conches.
1.15 y¯0X®cw®ãº œ®³™°Nµ°ýµ²°
uµ°î®u®q®Ù0 u®w®0c‡®±œ® |
y¹0l®ä¬ u®u¹â î®±œ®ý®0Qº †Ã°î®±N®î®¾¯Á
Nµ²°u®Š®: ||15||
1.15 Sri Krishna blew his conch named "Panchajanya";
Arjuna, his own called "Devadatta"; while Bhima of terrible deeds blew
his mighty conch Paundra.
1.16 Aw®0q®ïc‡®±º Š¯b¯
N®±0r°y®¼qµ²ä° ‡®±±vÙԊ®: |
w®N®±©: š®œ®uµ°î®ý®Ï š®±Uµ²Ç®î®±py®¼Ç®ãN¹ ||16||
1.16 King Yudhishtira, son of Kunti, blew his
conch "Anantavijaya:, while Nakula and Sahadeva blew theirs, known as
"SughOsha" and "Manipushpaka".
1.17 N¯ý®ãý®Ï y®Š®îµ±°Ç¯æš®:
þQ0m° X® î®±œ¯Š®s®: |
u®³Ç®Ôu®±ãݰ hý®Ï š¯q®ãOý¯Ïy®Š¯dq®: ||17||
1.18 u®³y®uµ²° u¹äy®uµ°‡®¾¯ý®Ï
š®îµÁ°Ç®: y®³tï°y®qµ° |
š¹„®u®äý®Ï î®±œ¯„¯œ®±: ý®0P¯0u®u®±â:
y®³s®N¬-y®³s®N¬ ||18||
1.17-1.18 And the excellent archer, the King of
Kashi, and Shikhandi the Maharathi (great chariot-warrior), Dhrishtadhyumna and
Virata, and the invincible Satyaki, Drupada as well as five sons of Draupadi,
and the mighty armed Abhimanyu, son of Subhadra, all of them, O lord of the
earth (Dhritarashtra), severely blew their resepctive conches from all sides.
1.19 š® Uµ²°Çµ²° u¯q®ÁŠ¯Ç¯ón¯º
œ®³u®‡®¾¯x î®ãu¯Š®‡®±q¬ |
w®„®ý®Ï y®³tï°º Xµ¶î® q®±î®±±Œµ²° î®ãw®±w¯u®‡®±w¬
||19||
1.19 And the terrible sound, echoing through
the heaven and earth, rent the hearts of Dhritharashtra's sons.
1.20 As® î®ãî®›Úq¯0u®³Ç¯ÔÉæ
u¯q®ÁŠ¯Ç¯óKN®zu®æc: |
y®äqµÙ° ý®š®ôš®0y¯qµ° u®w®±Š®±U®ãî®±ã
y¯0l®î® : ||20||
1.21 œ®³™°Nµ°ý®0
q®u¯ î¯N®ãï±u®î®¾¯œ® î®±Ÿ°y®qµ|
Ac±Áw® Eî¯X®:
šµ°w®‡µ²°Š®±„®±‡µ²°î®±uµ㰠Š®s®0 š¯Úy®q®
îµ±°X®±ãq® ||21||
1.20-1.21 Now, O lord of the earth, seeing your
sons arrayed against him and the when missiles were ready to be hurled, Arjuna,
son of Pandu, took up his bow and then addressed the following words to Sri
Krishna :
"Krishna, Place my chariot between the
two armies"
1.22 ‡®¾¯î®uµ°q¯xÝ‹°£µ°œ®º
‡µ²°u®ÜN¯î®±w®î®›Úq¯w¬ |
Nµ¶î®±Á‡®¾¯ š®œ® ‡µ²°u®Üî®ãî®±›âw¬ Š®oš®î®±±‡®±îµ±
||22||
1.22 And Keep it there till I have carefully
observed these warriors drawn up for battle, and have seen with whom I have to
engage in this battle.
1.23 ‡µ²°q®éÉã¯w¯îµ°£µ°œ®0
‡®± Hqµ°q®ä š®î®¾¯S®q¯: |
u¯q®ÁŠ¯Ç®óš®ã u®±…±ÁuµÜ°‡®±±ÁuµÜ° z䇮±YO°Ç®Áî®:
||23||
1.23 I shall scan the well-wishers in this war
of evil-minded Duryodhana, whoever have assembled on his side and are
ready for the battle.
1.24 š®0c‡®± Eî¯X®:
Iî®î®±±Nµ²Ù° œ®³™°Nµ°ýµ²° S®±l¯Nµ°ýµ°w® „¯Š®q®
|
šµ°w®‡µ²Š®±„®‡µ²°î®±Áuµ㰠š¯Úy®‰±q¯æ Š®sµ²°q®Ùî®±º
||24|
1.25 †Ã°Ç®âuµ²ä°oy®äî®±±Qq®: š®îµÁ°Ç¯0 X® î®±Ÿ°¤q¯º
|
Eî¯X® y¯s®Á y®ýµã°q¯0š®î®±îµ°q¯0N®±Š®²xr ||25||
1.24-1.25 Sanjaya Said:
O King, thus addressed by Arjuna, Sri Krishna placed the magnificent chariot
between the two armies in front of Bhishma, Drona and all the kings and said
"Partha (Arjuna), behold these Kauravas assembled here".
1.26 q®q¯äy®ý®ã›Úq¯w¬
y¯s®Á: zq®³w®s® zq¯î®±œ¯w¬ |
BX¯‡®¾¯Áw¯âq®±Œ¯w¬ „¯äq®³w¬ y®¼q¯äw¬ y¹q¯äw¬ š®R°0š®Ùs¯
||26||
1.26-first half of 1.27
Among the stationed armies, Arjuna saw his uncles, grand-uncles and Teachers,
even great grand-uncles, maternal uncles, brothers and cousins, sons and
nephews, and grand-nephews, even freinds, fathers-in-law (he had multiple
wives), and well-wishers as well.
1.27 ý®æý®±Š¯w¬ š®œ®³u®ýµÏȶî®
šµ°w®‡µ²°Š®±„®‡µ²°Š®z |
q¯w¬ š®ï±°£®Èã š® N¹0qµ°‡®±: š®î¯Áw¬ …0u®²w®î®›Úq¯w¬
||27||
Second half of 1.27 - first half of 1.28
Seeing all these relatives, Arjuna was filled with deep compassion, and uttered
these words in sadness:
1.28 N®³y®‡®¾¯ y®Š®‡®¾¯ïǵ²Ô° ï™°u®xÝu®î®±…äï°q¬
|
Ac±Áw® Eî¯X®:
u®³ÇµÔÉæ°î®±º š®æcw®º N®³Ç®Ø ‡®±±‡®±±q®±éº
š®î®±±y®›Úq®î®¾¬ ||28||
1.29 ›°u®0r  S¯q¯äp
î®±±Q0 X® y®‹ý®±Ç®ãr |
îµ°y®s®±ý®Ï ý®‹°Šµ° îµ± Šµ²°î®±œ®Ç®Áý®Ï b¯‡®±qµ
||29||
Second half of 1.28-1.29
Arjuna Said:
Krishna, at the sight of these kinsmen arrayed for battle, my limbs give away,
and my mouth is parching; no. a shiver runs through my body and hair is standing
upright.
1.30 S¯0m°î®º š®ä0š®qµ œ®š¯Ùq¬
î¯NµÏÈ¶î® y®‹u®œ®ãqµ |
w® X® ý®Nµ²Ý°º‡®±î®š¯Úq®±º „®äî®±r°î® X® îµ±
î®±w®: ||30||
1.30 The bow, Gandiva, slips from my hand, my
skin seems to burn all over, my mind is whirling and confused, and I can not
stand any more.
1.31 xï±q¯Ùx X® y®ý¯ãï± ïy®‹°q¯x
Nµ°ý®î® |
w® X® ýµä°‡µ²°w®±y®ý¯ãï± œ®q¯æ š®æcw®î®¾¯œ®îµ
||31||
1.31 And, Keshava (Sri
Krishna), Evil and foreboding are the omens I see, nor do I see any good in
killing my own kinsmen in the battle.
1.32 w® N¯0£µ° ïc‡®±º
N®³Ç®Ø w® X® Š¯c㺠š®±P¯x X® |
O wµ²° Š¯bµã°w® Sµ²°ï0u® Oº „µ²°Sµ¶dÁ°ïqµ°w® î¯
||32||
1.32 I do not want this victory, O
Krishna; nor do I want this kingdom or the pleasures. Govinda, what is the use
of the kingdom, the pleasures, or even the life ?
1.33 ‡µ±°Ç¯î®±sµÁ°
N¯0¤q®º wµ²° Š¯c㺠„µ²S¯: š®±P¯x X® |
q® Cîµ±°î®›Úq® ‡®±±uµÜ° y¯än¯ºš®ÙÉãN¯ÙÉæ
u®w¯x X® ||33||
1.34 BX¯‡®±Á: zq®Š®: y®¼q¯äš®Ùsµ¶î®
X® zq¯î®±œ¯: |
¯q®±Œ¯: ý®æý®±Š¯: y¹q¯ä: ý¯ãŒ¯: š®0…0vÃw®š®Ùs¯
||34||
1.33-1.34 Those very persons for whose sake we
want the kingdom, luxuries and pleasures, teachers, uncles, sons and nephews,
and even grand-uncles, great-grand-uncles, maternal uncles, brothers-in-law
and other relatives, are arrayed here on the battle field risking their lives
and wealth.
1.35 Iq¯q®ä œ®0q®±ï±X¯Ðï±
U®Ýqµ²°z î®±u®±š®²u®w® |
Az qµäȶŒµ²°N®ãŠ¯c㚮㠜µ°qµ²°: Oº w®± î®±Ÿ°N®³qµ°
||35||
1.35 I do not want to kill them, O Madhusudana
(the slayer of evil Madhu), even if they slay me; Not for the earthly lordship,
I wouldn't do it even for the throne of three worlds.
1.36 xœ®q®ã u¯q®ÁŠ¯Ç¯óq®ä
N¯ zä°r: š¯ãcÑw¯u®Áw® |
y¯y®îµ±°î¯ý®ä‡µ±°u®š¯âw¬ œ®qµæȶq¯w¯q®q¯‰±w®:
||36||
1.36 Janardhana (Krishna), How can we hope to
be happy by slaying the sons of Dhritarashtra;
We will be sinful if we kill these desperate people.
1.37 q®š¯âw¯Ýœ¯Á ®±º
œ®0q®± u¯q®ÁŠ¯Ç¯ó0š®æ„¯0u®î¯w¬ |
š®æcw®0 Ÿ N®s®0 œ®q¯æ š®±Rw®: š¯ãî®± ¯u®î®
||37||
1.37 Madhava, It does not make sense to kill
our relatives, the sons of Dhritarashtra; How can we be happy after killing our
own people ?
1.38 ‡®±u¯ãyµã°qµ w®
y®ý¯ãï± Œµ²°„µ²°y®œ®q®Xµ°q®š®: |
N®±©£®‡®±N®³q®0 uµ²°Ç®º ï±q®äuµ²ä°œµ° X® y¯q®N®º
||38||
1.39 N®s®0 w® bµÝ°‡®±î®±š¯â†Ã:
y¯y¯u®š¯âxÝî®rÁq®±º |
N®±©£®‡®±N®³q®º uµ²°Ç®0 y®äy®ý®ãvÜcÁw¯u®Áw®
||39||
1.38-1.39 Even if these people who are blinded
by their greed, do not perceive evil in destroying their people and
nothing wrong with betraying their friends, O Janardhana, why should not
we, think of turning away from this crime because we see the sin accruing by
destroying our own family.
1.40 N®±©£®‡µ± y®äoý®ã0r
N®±©u®¯Á: š®w¯q®w¯: |
u®Á° w®ÇµÔ° N®±©º N®³q®õî®±u®Á°†Ã„®î®q®±ãq®
||40||
1.40 Age long family traditions disappear with
the destruction of a family; and the virtue virtue having been lost, the vice
takes hold of the entire race.
1.41 Au®¯Á†Ã„®î¯q¬
N®³Ç®Ø y®äu®±Ç®ã0r N®±©›ô‡®±: |
›ô°Ç®± u®±Ç¯Ôš®± î¯ÇµØÁ°‡®± b¯‡®±qµ î®oÁš®w®ÊŠ®:
||41||
1.41 With the prepondence of vice, Krishna, the
women of the family become corrupt; and with the corruption of the women, O
Varshneya (descendent of Vrishni), there ensues an intermixture of castes.
1.42 š®w®ÊŠµ² w®Š®N®‡µ±¶î®
N®±©U¯Ýw¯º N®±©š®ã X® |
y®q®0r zq®Šµ² œµ²ãǯ¬ ©±y®Ùz0lµ²°u®N®O䇮¾¯:
||42||
1.42 This intermixture of blood damns the
destroyers of the race and the race (Kula) itself, and deprived of the
offerings of rice and water (known as "pindodhaka" in Shradhdha,
Tarpana), the manes of the race also fall.
1.43 uµ²°Çµ¶Šµ°qµ¶: N®±©U¯Ýw¯º
î®oÁš®w®ÊŠ®N¯Š®Nµ¶: |
Eq¯éS®ã0qµ b¯ru®¯Á: N®±©u®¯Áý®Ï ý¯ý®æq¯:
||43||
1.43 Through these evils bringing about an
intermixture of castes, the age-long caste-traditions and family customs of the
killers of kinsmen get extinct.
1.44 Eq®éw®ÝN®±©u®¯Án¯0
î®±w®±Ç¯ãn¯º cw¯u®Áw® |
w®Š®Nµ°x‡®±q®º µ²° „®î®r°q®ãw®±ý®±Ç®±äî®±
||44||
1.44 Janardana (Krishna), we hear that men who
have lost their family traditions dwell in hell for an indefinite period of
time.
1.45 Aœµ² …q® î®±œ®q¯Þy®º
N®q®±Áº î®ãî®›q¯ ®±º |
‡®±u¯äcãš®±QŒµ²°„µ°w® œ®0q®± š®æcw®î®±±u®±ãq¯:
||45||
1.45 Oh, what a pity! Though possessed of
intelligence we have set our mind on the commission of a great sin, due to the
lust for throne and pleasures, we are intending to kill our own relatives and
kinsmen.
1.46 ‡®±v ¯î®±y®är°N¯Š®î®±ý®š®ôº
ý®š®ôy¯o‡®±: |
u¯q®ÁŠ¯Ç¯ó Š®nµ° œ®w®±ãš®Ù0„µ° £µ°î®±q®Š®º
„®q¬ ||46||
1.46 It would be better for me, if the sons of
Dhritarashtra armed with weapons, killed me in battle while I am unarmed and not
resisting.
1.47 š®0c‡®± Eî¯X®:
Iî®î®¾¬ EN¯ÙÉæc±Áw®: š®0Pµã Š®sµ²°y®š®Ú Ey®ïý®q¬
|
ïš®³c㺠š®ý®Š®º X¯y®º ýµ²°N®š®ºïS®Ý¯w®š®:
||47||
1.47 Sanjaya Said:
Arjuna, whose mind was agitated by grief on the battle-field, having
spoken thus, and having thrown aside his bow and arrows, sank into the hinder
part of the chariot.
Lº q®q¯évr §°î®±u¯áS®î®vÌ°q¯š®²y®xý®q®±é
…䜮âïS¯ã‡®¾¯º ‡µ²°S®ý¯šµô §°N®³Ç¯Øc±Áw®š®0î¯uµ°c±Áw®ïǯu®‡µ²°Sµ
w¯î®± y®äs®îµ²°u¯㇮±: ||1||
Thus, in the Upanishad sung by the Lord, the
science of Brahma, the scripture of Yoga, the dialogue between Sri Krishna and
Arjuna, end the first chapter entitled "The Yoga of Dejection of
Arjuna"
To be Contd....
References:
1. The Bhavadgita or the Song Divine: Gita Press, Gorakhpur, India.
2. Selected shlokas of Bhagavadgita set to Music by Vanaraj Bhatia and Produced
by Music Today.
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shlokas in Kannada and also by interpreting them (if you know some Sanskrit.)
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