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Chiropotes satanas

(Black Bearded Saki)

Overview

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Critically Endangered

Threat status

Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Black Bearded Saki, black-bearded saki, Bearded saki, Black saki, brown-bearded saki, Common Bearded Saki

Common Names in Spanish:

Cuxi?-preto, Cuxiú-preto

Description

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Habitat

Ecology: Endemic to the fluvial plain of eastern Amazonia, where predominantly found at low altitudes in tall terra firme rain forests ; it has also been observed in secondary forests and on rare occasions in mangroves (Silva Jr. 1991; Lopes 1993). Recent field studies (Ferrari et al. 1999b; Port-Carvalho and Ferrari 2002; Santo 2002; Silva 2003; Veiga 2006) have demonstrated that this taxon is able to survive and reproduce (in the absence of hunting), in fragments much smaller than previously thought possible. Small groups have been found in fragments and on islands of less than 20 ha, some of which have been isolated for over 20 years. They are relatively abundant in tracts of forest of between 100 and 1,000 ha, suggesting a degree of tolerance to anthropogenic habitat disturbance and behavioural flexibility in the face of change. Groups with 4 to 39 individuals have been recorded in fragmented habitats (Ferrari et al. 1999; Port-Carvalho and Ferrari 2002, 2004; Santos 2002; Silva 2003; Veiga 2006).

The species is a highly frugivorous and is a specialist seed predator : immature seeds can represent as much as 90% of their diet in certain months. Other important plant resources are fruit pulp and flowers. Small quantities of pith , shoots and young leaves are also eaten, as well as a range of arthropods including caterpillars, termites, ants and spiders (Veiga and Ferrari 2006). One means by which some groups coped with extreme fragmentation is by increasing the proportion of flowers and non-reproductive plant parts in the diet (Santos 2002; Silva 2003; Veiga 2006). The home range of a group (39 members ) residing in a forest fragment (1,300 ha) over a period of 12 months was 98.6 ha (Veiga 2006). No studies have been undertaken in areas of continuous forest, but it is likely that groups would range over much larger areas, probably covering several hundred hectares ; a group of Chiropotes albinasus was recorded using an area in excess of 1,000 ha over an 11-month period (Pinto 2008).[1].

List of Habitats:

Taxonomy

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Synonyms

Chiropotes satanas ssp. satanas

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 30-Jul-2002

Hershkovitz (1985) revised the genus Chiropotes and recognized two species, Chiropotes albinasus and Chiropotes satanas, the second containing three subspecies (Chiropotes s. satanas, Chiropotes s. chiropotes and Chiropotes s. utahicki). Based on results of analyses of morphological, morphometric and molecular data , Silva Jr. and Figueiredo (2002) raised the three subspecies to species level, and divided the populations occurring on either side of the rio Branco into two distinct taxa. They proposed a taxonomic arrangement with five species: Chiropotes albinasus, Chiropotes satanas, Chiropotes utahickae, Chiropotes chiropotes and Chiropotes sagulatus Traill, 1821, the latter representing the eastern form of C. chiropotes, which occurs to the east of the rio Branco, in Brazil, Suriname and the Guianas.[1].

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Chiropotes

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 6 species and subspecies in this genus:

C. albinasus (Red-Nosed Bearded Saki) · C. chiropotes (Bearded Sakis) · C. satanas (Black Bearded Saki) · C. satanas chiropotes (Common Bearded Saki) · C. satanas satanas (Common Bearded Saki) · C. utahickae (Uta Hicks Bearded Saki)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Veiga, L.M., Silva Jr., J.S., Ferrari, S.F. & Rylands, A.B. 2008. Chiropotes satanas. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]
Last Revised: 2014-05-07