Overview
Critically Endangered |
|
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Black Bearded Saki, black-bearded saki, Bearded saki, Black saki, brown-bearded saki, Common Bearded Saki
Common Names in Spanish:
Cuxi?-preto, Cuxiú-preto
Description
Habitat
Ecology:
Endemic to the fluvial
plain
of eastern Amazonia, where predominantly
found at low altitudes
in tall terra firme rain forests
; it has also
been observed in secondary forests and on rare occasions in mangroves
(Silva Jr. 1991; Lopes 1993). Recent field
studies (Ferrari et
al. 1999b; Port-Carvalho and Ferrari 2002; Santo 2002; Silva
2003; Veiga 2006) have demonstrated that this taxon
is able to survive
and reproduce (in the absence of hunting), in fragments much smaller
than previously thought possible. Small groups have been found in
fragments and on islands of less than 20 ha, some of which have been
isolated for over 20 years. They are relatively abundant in tracts
of forest of between 100 and 1,000 ha, suggesting a degree
of tolerance
to anthropogenic
habitat
disturbance
and behavioural flexibility
in the face
of change. Groups with 4 to 39 individuals have been
recorded in fragmented
habitats (Ferrari et al.
1999; Port-Carvalho
and Ferrari 2002, 2004; Santos 2002; Silva 2003; Veiga 2006).
The
species is a highly frugivorous
and is a specialist
seed predator
:
immature
seeds can represent as much as 90% of their diet
in certain
months. Other important plant resources
are fruit pulp and flowers.
Small quantities of pith
, shoots
and young leaves are also eaten,
as well as a range
of arthropods
including caterpillars, termites,
ants
and spiders (Veiga and Ferrari 2006). One means by which some
groups coped with extreme fragmentation
is by increasing the proportion
of flowers and non-reproductive plant parts in the diet (Santos 2002;
Silva 2003; Veiga 2006). The home range
of a group (39 members
) residing
in a forest fragment (1,300 ha) over a period of 12 months was 98.6
ha (Veiga 2006). No studies have been undertaken in areas of continuous
forest, but it is likely that groups would range over much larger
areas, probably covering several hundred
hectares
; a group of Chiropotes
albinasus was recorded using an area in excess of 1,000 ha over
an 11-month period (Pinto 2008).[1].
List of Habitats:
- 1 Forest
- 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
()
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
()
- Goodrich, 1930
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
()
- (Rowe, 1988) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
()
- (Wible et al., 1995) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Legion:
Cladotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
()
- (McKenna, 1975) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Supercohort:
Theria
()
- (Parker & Haswell, 1897) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Cohort:
Placentalia
()
- (Owen, 1837) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
()
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
()
- (McKenna, 1975) McKenna, in Stucky & McKenna, in Benton, ed., 1993
- Grandorder:
Archonta
()
- (Gregory, 1910) McKenna, 1975
- Order:
Primates
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Suborder:
Haplorrhini
()
- Pocock, 1918
- Infraorder:
Simiiformes
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Parvorder:
Platyrrhini
()
- É. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1812
- Family:
Pitheciidae
()
- Mivart, 1865
- Subfamily:
Pitheciinae
()
- Genus:
Chiropotes
()
- (Lesson, 1840)
- Specific name:
satanas
- (Hoffmannsegg, 1807)
- Scientific name: - Chiropotes satanas (Hoffmannsegg, 1807)
- Specific name:
satanas
- (Hoffmannsegg, 1807)
- Genus:
Chiropotes
()
- (Lesson, 1840)
- Subfamily:
Pitheciinae
()
- Family:
Pitheciidae
()
- Mivart, 1865
- Parvorder:
Platyrrhini
()
- É. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1812
- Infraorder:
Simiiformes
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Suborder:
Haplorrhini
()
- Pocock, 1918
- Order:
Primates
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Grandorder:
Archonta
()
- (Gregory, 1910) McKenna, 1975
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
()
- (McKenna, 1975) McKenna, in Stucky & McKenna, in Benton, ed., 1993
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
()
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Cohort:
Placentalia
()
- (Owen, 1837) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Supercohort:
Theria
()
- (Parker & Haswell, 1897) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
()
- (McKenna, 1975) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Legion:
Cladotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
()
- (Wible et al., 1995) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
()
- (Rowe, 1988) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
()
- Goodrich, 1930
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
Synonyms
Chiropotes satanas ssp. satanas
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 30-Jul-2002
Hershkovitz (1985) revised the genus Chiropotes and recognized
two species, Chiropotes albinasus and Chiropotes satanas,
the second containing three subspecies
(Chiropotes s. satanas,
Chiropotes s. chiropotes and Chiropotes s. utahicki).
Based on results of analyses of morphological, morphometric
and molecular
data
, Silva Jr. and Figueiredo (2002) raised the three subspecies
to species level, and divided
the populations occurring on either
side of the rio Branco into two distinct
taxa. They proposed a taxonomic
arrangement
with five species: Chiropotes albinasus, Chiropotes
satanas, Chiropotes utahickae, Chiropotes chiropotes
and Chiropotes sagulatus Traill, 1821, the latter representing
the eastern form of C.
chiropotes, which occurs to the east
of the rio Branco, in Brazil, Suriname and the Guianas.[1].
Similar Species
Members of the genus Chiropotes
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 6 species and subspecies in this genus:
C. albinasus (Red-Nosed Bearded Saki) · C. chiropotes (Bearded Sakis) · C. satanas (Black Bearded Saki) · C. satanas chiropotes (Common Bearded Saki) · C. satanas satanas (Common Bearded Saki) · C. utahickae (Uta Hicks Bearded Saki)
More Info
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- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A hand-book to the primates / by Henry O. Forbes. London: E. Lloyd, 1896-1897. url p. 186, p. 186.
- A hand-book to the primates, by Henry O. Forbes. 1 1894 London: W.H. Allen & Co., Ltd., 1894. url p. 186, p. 186.
- A preliminary taxonomic review of the South American bearded saki monkeys genus Chiropotes (Cebidae, Platyrrhini), with the description of a new supspecies / Philip Hershkovitz. 27 1985 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1985. url table 3 , fig. 7 , p. 1, p. 10, p. 12, p. 15, p. 16, p. 17, p. 24, p. 25, p. 4, p. 46, p. iii.
- A review of the primates / by Daniel Giraud Elliot. New York, U.S.A.: American Museum of Natural History, 1912 [i.e. 1913]. url p. 297.
- Brigham Young University science bulletin. 17 1972 Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] url p. 36, p. 42.
- Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 127.
- Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 212, p. 98, p. 117, p. 227.
- Checklist of mammals listed in the CITES appendices JNCC url p. 20, p. 91.
- IUCN Directory of Neotropical Protected Areas IUCN url p. 67, p. 88, p. 96, p. 99.
- Male external genitalia of non-prehensile tailed South American monkeys. Philip Hershkovitz. 73 1993 [Chicago, Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, c1993. url table 1-2 , fig. 4 , p. 13, p. 14, p. 16, p. 3, p. 6, p. 8, p. iii.
- Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 6 1996 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 384.
- Special scientific report--wildlife / U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service, 1949- url p. 12, p. 14, p. 31.
- Studies in neotropical mammalogy: essays in honor of Philip Hershkovitz / edited by Bruce D. Patterson, Robert M. Timm. 39 1987 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1987. url p. 46.
- The Ecology of arboreal folivores: a symposium held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, May 29-31, 1975 / Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1978. url p. 177.
- Titis, new world monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary taxonomic review / Philip Hershkovitz. 55 1990 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, c1990. url table 2 , table 5 , p. 21, p. 27.
- World Checklist of Threatened Mammals JNCC url p. 30.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- Rylands, A.B., Bampi, M.I., Chiarello, A.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B., Mendes, S.L. & Marcelino, M. 2003. Chiropotes satanas. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
- Veiga, L.M., Silva Jr., J.S., Ferrari, S.F. & Rylands, A.B. 2008. Chiropotes satanas. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:
- GBIF-Sweden: Mammals (NRM)
- Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 108972
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-572986
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14339412
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 572986
- IUCN ID: 199870
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 129070
Footnotes
- Veiga, L.M., Silva Jr., J.S., Ferrari, S.F. & Rylands, A.B. 2008. Chiropotes satanas. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]