Phalacrocorax punctatus

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,704 meters (0 to 15,433 feet).[1]

Ecology: This marine species forages in fairly deep offshore waters up to 16 km from the coast, but also in bays , inlets and estuaries. It feeds on fish, crusaceans and other invertebrates which it catches by pursuit-diving. It can form flocks numbering thousands of birds. It breeds in colonies of variable size, breeding on rocky coasts and inshore islands. It nests on cliffs , occupying ledges or cracks1.

[2].

List of Habitats :

•     9     Marine Neritic   
  
•     9.1     Marine Neritic - Pelagic   
  
•     9.2     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs   
  
•     9.3     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel   
  
•     9.4     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy   
  
•     9.5     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy-Mud   
  
•     9.7     Marine Neritic - Macroalgal/Kelp   
  
•     9.9     Marine Neritic - Seagrass (Submerged)   
  
•     12     Marine Intertidal   
  
•     12.1     Marine Intertidal - Rocky Shoreline   
  
•     12.6     Marine Intertidal - Tidepools   
  
•     13     Marine Coastal/Supratidal   
  
•     13.1     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Phalacrocorax punctatus (Sparrman, 1786)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Phalacrocorax

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 71 species and subspecies in this genus:

P. africanus (Long-Tailed Cormorant) · P. africanus africanus (Long-Tailed Cormorant) · P. africanus pictilis (Long-Tailed Cormorant) · P. albiventer (King Cormorant) · P. albiventer albiventer (King Cormorant) · P. aristotelis (European Shag) · P. aristotelis aristotelis (European Shag (Atlantic)) · P. aristotelis desmarestii (European Shag (Mediterranean)) · P. aristotelis riggenbachi (European Shag (Moroccan)) · P. atriceps (Imperial Cormorant) · P. auritus (Double-Crested Cormorant) · P. auritus albociliatus (Double-Crested Cormorant) · P. auritus auritus (Double-Crested Cormorant (Dark-Crested)) · P. auritus cincinatus (Double-Crested Cormorant (White-Crested)) · P. auritus floridanus (Double-Crested Cormorant) · P. bougainvillei (Guanay Cormorant) · P. bougainvillii (Guanay Cormorant) · P. bransfieldensis (Antarctic Shag) · P. brasilianus (Neotropic Cormorant) · P. brasilianus brasilianus (Neotropic Cormorant) · P. brasilianus mexicanus (Mexican Cormorant) · P. campbelli (Campbell Islands Shag) · P. capensis (Cape Cormorant) · P. capillatus (Japanese Cormorant) · P. carbo (Great Cormorant) · P. carbo carbo (Great Cormorant (North Atlantic)) · P. carbo lucidus (Great Cormorant (White-Breasted)) · P. carbo maroccanus (Great Cormorant (Moroccan)) · P. carbo novaehollandiae (Great Cormorant (Australasian)) · P. carbo sinensis (Great Cormorant (Eurasian)) · P. carunculatus (Rough-Faced Shag) · P. chalconotus (Bronze Shag) · P. colensoi (Auckland Islands Shag) · P. coronatus (Crowned Cormorant) · P. featherstoni (Pitt Island Shag) · P. fuscescens (Black-Faced Cormorant) · P. fuscicollis (Indian Cormorant) · P. gaimardi (Red-Legged Cormorant) · P. georgianus (South Georgia Shag) · P. harrisi (Flightless Cormorant) · P. kenyoni (Amchitka Cormorant) · P. lucidus (White-Breasted Cormorant) · P. magellanicus (Magellan Cormorant) · P. melanogenis (Crozet Shag) · P. melanoleucos (Little Pied Cormorant) · P. melanoleucos brevicauda (Little Pied Cormorant) · P. melanoleucos brevirostris (Little Pied Cormorant) · P. melanoleucos melanoleucos (Little Pied Cormorant) · P. melanoleucos melvillensis (Little Pied Cormorant) · P. neglectus (Bank Cormorant) · P. niger (Little Cormorant) · P. nigrogularis (Socotra Cormorant) · P. olivaceus (Phalacrocorax Olivaceus) · P. olivaceus mexicanus (Phalacrocorax Olivaceus) · P. onslowi (Chatham Islands Shag) · P. pelagicus (Pelagic Cormorant) · P. pelagicus pelagicus (Pelagic Cormorant) · P. pelagicus resplendens (Baird's Pelagic Cormorant) · P. penicillatus (Brandt's Cormorant) · P. perspicillatus (Pallas's Cormorant) · P. punctatus (Spotted Shag) · P. punctatus punctatus (Spotted Cormorant) · P. pygmaeus (Pygmy Cormorant) · P. pygmeus (Pygmy Cormorant) · P. ranfurlyi (Bounty Islands Shag) · P. sulcilostris (Sand Mackerel) · P. sulcirostris (Little Black Cormorant) · P. urile (Red-Faced Cormorant) · P. varius (Pied Cormorant) · P. varius varius (Australian Pied Cormorant) · P. verrucosus (Kerguelen Shag)

More Info

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• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A history of the birds of New Zealand / London: John van Voorst, 1873 url , .
• Anatomischer Anzeiger. Jena: G. Fischer, 1886- url p. 493.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 601.
• Birds / by A.H. Evans. London: Macmillan, 1899 (1909 printing). url p. 620.
• Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. London: The Club, 1893- url .
• Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 976.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. url p. 976.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. url p. 331, p. 354, p. 355, p. 370.
• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. url p. 200.
• Catalogue of the collection of birds' eggs in the British museum (Natural history). London: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1901-12. url p. 200.
• Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931-1987. url p. 171.
• Handbook to The birds of Australia. By John Gould. LondonPub. by the author, 1865. url p. 491, p. 582, p. 582.
• Ibis. [London]Published for the British Ornithologists' Union by Academic Press. url p. 121, p. 243, p. 252, p. 299, p. 42, p. 43, p. 567, p. 605, p. 72.
• Manual of the birds of New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller. .. Wellington, N.Z., G. Didsbury, government printer, 1882. url , p. 95.
• Oceanic birds of South America: a study of species of the related coasts and seas, including the American quadrant of Antarctica, based upon the Brewster-Sanford collection in the American Museum of Natural History / by Robert Cushman Murphy; illustrated from paintings by Francis L. Jaques; photographs, maps, and other drawings. New York: Macmillan Co.: c1936. url p. 871.
• Supplement to the 'Birds of New Zealand' / II 1905 London: The author, 1905. url p. 35.
• The Cambridge natural history / edited by S. F. Harmer and A. E. Shipley. London: Macmillan and Co.; 1895-1909. url p. 620.
• The Diversity of the Seas: a regional approach. WCMC Biodiversity Series 4 WCMC url p. 108.
• The Riverside natural history. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company[c1888] url p. 191.
• The standard natural history. Ed. by John Sterling Kingsley. Boston, S.E. Cassino and company, 1884-85. url p. 191.
• The zoology of the voyage of the H.M.S. Erebus & Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, during the years 1839 to 1843. By authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. Edited by John Richardson and John Edward Gray. 1 London, E. W. Janson, 1844-1875. url p. 34.
• Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. Wellington: New Zealand Institute. url p. 100, p. 128, p. 138, p. 171, p. 195, p. 201, p. 233, p. 29, p. 467, p. 635.
• Travels in New Zealand with contributions to the geography, geology, botany, and natural history of that country / by Ernst Dieffenbach. London: J. Murray, 1843. url p. 76.
• Zoologist. London.1843-1916 url p. 14, p. 4015.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• BirdLife International 2004. Phalacrocorax punctatus. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
• BirdLife International 2009. Phalacrocorax punctatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 03February2012.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 09, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 09, 2008:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum: Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8810
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-174750
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2481187
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 174750
• IUCN ID: 231657
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 152734

Footnotes

1. Mean = 590.550 meters (1,937.500 feet), Standard Deviation = 941.640 based on 11,946 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2009. Phalacrocorax punctatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 February 2012. [back]

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