Phalacrocorax coronatus

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Near Threatened

Common Names

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Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 5,013 meters (0 to 16,447 feet).[1]

Ecology: Behaviour This species is largely sedentary , with some movement occuring to the north and east of its breeding range7. Egg-laying occurs all year round , but with a seasonal peak in late spring and summer - over 60% of nesting activity occcuring between November and January7. It usually breeds in small groups of 4-50 pairs6,9, although colonies supporting up to 280 nests have been recorded9. It usually forages solitarily4. Habitat The species occurs during both the breeding and the non-breeding season along the coastal cliffs of the mainland and offshore islands in the cold waters of the Benguela Current6. It has never been recorded more than 10 km offshore6, or more than 100m inland9. It forages in shallow coastal waters and estuaries4, often in kelp beds6,among breaking waves or in tidal pools during periods of high tide9. It does not forage off sandy shores9. Diet Diet consists largely (97%8) of benthic fish, particularly klipfish (Clinidae) and pipefish (Syngnathidae) of up to 160mm in length8. Shrimps and isopods also form a small part of the diet2. Breeding site This species commonly breeds in mixed seabird colonies. Nest sites include sheltered areas on rocks, cliffs, bushes, small trees , and kelp wracks, as well as man-made structures including jetties, the supports of guano platforms, wrecked ships and sometimes moored ships12. The construction of the Bird Rock guano platform in Wavis Bay , Namibia, resulted in a range extention of 415km10. The nest is constructed mostly from kelp and sticks , lined with finer material , and they are often used for several years in succession2. A clutch usually consists of two or three eggs , but occasionally of up to five8. After leaving the nest, chicks form crèches near the colony . In response to disturbance , nestlings and fledgelings will disperse and often enter the water where they are vulnerable to predation by the Cape Fur Seal Arctocephalus pusillus11.

[2].

List of Habitats:

•     9     Marine Neritic   
  
•     9.2     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs   
  
•     9.3     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel   
  
•     9.4     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy   
  
•     9.5     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy-Mud   
  
•     9.7     Marine Neritic - Macroalgal/Kelp   
  
•     9.9     Marine Neritic - Seagrass (Submerged)   
  
•     9.10     Marine Neritic - Estuaries   
  
•     12     Marine Intertidal   
  
•     12.1     Marine Intertidal - Rocky Shoreline   
  
•     13     Marine Coastal/Supratidal   
  
•     13.1     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Phalacrocorax coronatus (Wahlberg, 1855) • Phalacrocorax coronatus (Wahlburg 1855)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Recognized by these authorities: African Bird Club: Crowned Cormorant (Phalacrocorax coronatus) · BirdLife International Checklist: Crowned Cormorant (Phalacrocorax coronatus) · Clements Checklist: Crowned Cormorant (Phalacrocorax coronatus) · eBird: Crowned Cormorant (Phalacrocorax coronatus) · Howard and Moore: Crowned Cormorant (Phalacrocorax coronatus) · Handbook of the Birds of the World: Crowned Cormorant (Phalacrocorax coronatus) · IOC World Bird List: Crowned Cormorant (Phalacrocorax coronatus) · IOC World Bird List: Crowned Cormorant (Microcarbo coronatus) · Sibley and Monroe: Crowned Cormorant (Phalacrocorax coronatus) · Zoonomen: Phalacrocorax coronatus

Similar Species

Members of the genus Phalacrocorax

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 71 species and subspecies in this genus:

P. africanus (Long-Tailed Cormorant) · P. africanus africanus (Long-Tailed Cormorant) · P. africanus pictilis (Long-Tailed Cormorant) · P. albiventer (King Cormorant) · P. albiventer albiventer (King Cormorant) · P. aristotelis (European Shag) · P. aristotelis aristotelis (European Shag (Atlantic)) · P. aristotelis desmarestii (European Shag (Mediterranean)) · P. aristotelis riggenbachi (European Shag (Moroccan)) · P. atriceps (Imperial Cormorant) · P. auritus (Double-Crested Cormorant) · P. auritus albociliatus (Double-Crested Cormorant) · P. auritus auritus (Double-Crested Cormorant (Dark-Crested)) · P. auritus cincinatus (Double-Crested Cormorant (White-Crested)) · P. auritus floridanus (Double-Crested Cormorant) · P. bougainvillei (Guanay Cormorant) · P. bougainvillii (Guanay Cormorant) · P. bransfieldensis (Antarctic Shag) · P. brasilianus (Neotropic Cormorant) · P. brasilianus brasilianus (Neotropic Cormorant) · P. brasilianus mexicanus (Mexican Cormorant) · P. campbelli (Campbell Islands Shag) · P. capensis (Cape Cormorant) · P. capillatus (Japanese Cormorant) · P. carbo (Great Cormorant) · P. carbo carbo (Great Cormorant (North Atlantic)) · P. carbo lucidus (Great Cormorant (White-Breasted)) · P. carbo maroccanus (Great Cormorant (Moroccan)) · P. carbo novaehollandiae (Great Cormorant (Australasian)) · P. carbo sinensis (Great Cormorant (Eurasian)) · P. carunculatus (Rough-Faced Shag) · P. chalconotus (Bronze Shag) · P. colensoi (Auckland Islands Shag) · P. coronatus (Crowned Cormorant) · P. featherstoni (Pitt Island Shag) · P. fuscescens (Black-Faced Cormorant) · P. fuscicollis (Indian Cormorant) · P. gaimardi (Red-Legged Cormorant) · P. georgianus (South Georgia Shag) · P. harrisi (Flightless Cormorant) · P. kenyoni (Amchitka Cormorant) · P. lucidus (White-Breasted Cormorant) · P. magellanicus (Magellan Cormorant) · P. melanogenis (Crozet Shag) · P. melanoleucos (Little Pied Cormorant) · P. melanoleucos brevicauda (Little Pied Cormorant) · P. melanoleucos brevirostris (Little Pied Cormorant) · P. melanoleucos melanoleucos (Little Pied Cormorant) · P. melanoleucos melvillensis (Little Pied Cormorant) · P. neglectus (Bank Cormorant) · P. niger (Little Cormorant) · P. nigrogularis (Socotra Cormorant) · P. olivaceus (Phalacrocorax Olivaceus) · P. olivaceus mexicanus (Phalacrocorax Olivaceus) · P. onslowi (Chatham Islands Shag) · P. pelagicus (Pelagic Cormorant) · P. pelagicus pelagicus (Pelagic Cormorant) · P. pelagicus resplendens (Baird's Pelagic Cormorant) · P. penicillatus (Brandt's Cormorant) · P. perspicillatus (Pallas's Cormorant) · P. punctatus (Spotted Shag) · P. punctatus punctatus (Spotted Cormorant) · P. pygmaeus (Pygmy Cormorant) · P. pygmeus (Pygmy Cormorant) · P. ranfurlyi (Bounty Islands Shag) · P. sulcilostris (Sand Mackerel) · P. sulcirostris (Little Black Cormorant) · P. urile (Red-Faced Cormorant) · P. varius (Pied Cormorant) · P. varius varius (Australian Pied Cormorant) · P. verrucosus (Kerguelen Shag)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (compilers and editors) 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
• Barnes, K. N. 1998. The Important Bird Areas of southern Africa. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg.
• Barnes, K. N. 2000. The Eskom Red Data Book of birds of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg.
• BirdLife International 2006. Threatened Birds of the World 2006. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 04/05/2006.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Brown, L. H.; Urban, E. K.; Newman, K. 1982. The birds of Africa vol I. Academic Press, London.
• Collar, N.J. and Andrew, P. 1988. Birds to Watch. The ICBP World Checklist of Threatened Birds. ICBP Technical Publication No. 8. Page Bros. (Norwich) Ltd, Norfolk, England.
• Collar, N.J., Crosby, M.J. and Stattersfield, A.J. 1994. Birds to Watch 2. The World List of Threatened Birds BirdLife International. Page Bros (Norwich) Ltd, U.K.
• Crawford, R.J.M., Dyer, B.M. and Brooke, R.K. 1994. Breeding nomadism in southern African seabirds: constraints, causes and conservation. Ostrich 65(2): 231-246.
• David, J.H.M., Cury, P., Crawford, R.J.M., Randall, R.M., Underhill, L.G. and Meyer, M.A. 2003. Assessing conservation priorities in the Benguela ecosystem, South Africa: analysing predation by seals on threatened seabirds. Biological Conservation 114: 289-292.
• Du Toit, M.; Boere, G. C.; Cooper, J.; de Villiers, M. S.; Kemper, J.; Lenton, B.; Petersen, S. L.; Simmons, R. E.; Whittington, P. A.; Byers, O. P. 2002. Conservation assessment and management plan for southern African seabirds.
• Harrison, J. A.; Allan, D. G.; Underhill, L. G.; Herremans, M.; Tree, A. J.; Parker, V.; Brown, C. J. 1997. The atlas of southern African birds. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg.
• Johnsgard, P. A. 1993. Cormorants, darters, and pelicans of the world. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
• Johnson, R.L., Venter, A., Bester, M.N. and Oosthuizen, W.H. 2006. Seabird predation by white shark, Carcharodon carcharifas, and Cape fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus, at Dyer Island. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 36(1): 23-32.
• Nelson, J. B. 2005. Pelicans, cormorants and their relatives. Pelecanidae, Sulidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, Fregatidae, Phaethontidae. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
• del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A.; Sargatal, J. 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2006. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• BirdLife International 2006. Phalacrocorax coronatus. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• BirdLife International 2010. Phalacrocorax coronatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 03February2012.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8776
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-174741
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2481187
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 174741
• IUCN ID: 231642
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 9613

Footnotes

1. Mean = 250.780 meters (822.769 feet), Standard Deviation = 569.370 based on 12,428 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2010. Phalacrocorax coronatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 February 2012. [back]

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