/* ------------ Native Elements ------------ */
html {
  border: 0;
}
body {
  color: #000;
  /*overflow-x: hidden;*/
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  border: 0;
}
h1 {
  font-size: 34px;
  line-height: 36px;
  margin: 28px 0 18px;
}
h1:first-child {
  margin: 0 0 34px;
}
h2 {
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 30px;
}
h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 30px;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  color: #000;
  font-weight: normal;
}
strong {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
}
a,
a:visited {
  color: #000;
  outline: 0;
}
a:hover {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
h1 em {
  color: #03a6e3;
  font-style: normal;
}
img {
  max-width: 100%;
}
hr {
  background: #ddd;
  height: 1px;
  clear: both;
  border: 0;
  display: block;
}
input[type="text"],
input[type="email"],
input[type="search"],
input[type="password"],
input[type="button"] {
  -webkit-appearance: caret;
  -moz-appearance: caret;
  /* mobile firefox too! */
}
/* ------------ Common Elements ------------ */
h6.section-title {
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 18px 0;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.theinMed {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif !important;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.theinMed strong {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Bold", sans-serif !important;
}
.theinReg {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif !important;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.theinReg strong {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Bold", sans-serif !important;
}
.theinBold {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Bold", sans-serif !important;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.georgiaBold {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif !important;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.fontsize_14 {
  font-size: 14px !important;
}
.fontsize_16 {
  font-size: 16px !important;
}
.fontsize_18 {
  font-size: 18px !important;
  line-height: 24px;
}
.fontsize_22 {
  font-size: 22px !important;
}
.fontsize_24 {
  font-size: 24px !important;
}
.fontsize_40 {
  font-size: 40px !important;
  line-height: 40px;
}
.fontsize_48 {
  font-size: 48px !important;
  font-size: 49px;
  line-height: 51px;
}
/*------------- Color Schemes ------------ */
.computing figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #9e50cc;
}
.computing a:hover h2,
.computing a:hover h3,
.computing a:hover h6,
.computing a:hover h5,
.computing a em span,
.computing h3.isotope-title,
.computing h1,
.computing div em a,
.computing .breadcrumb .tag,
.computing .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #9e50cc !important;
}
.computing .border-box {
  border-color: #9e50cc;
}
.computing a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #b668e4 50%, #9e50cc);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #b668e4 50%, #9e50cc);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #9e50cc 20%, #b668e4);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #b668e4 50%, #9e50cc);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #b668e4;
}
.computing a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #9e50cc 40%, #b668e4);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #9e50cc 40%, #b668e4);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #b668e4 40%, #9e50cc);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #9e50cc 50%, #b668e4);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.consumer-electronics figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #f75f08;
}
.consumer-electronics a:hover h2,
.consumer-electronics a:hover h3,
.consumer-electronics a:hover h6,
.consumer-electronics a:hover h5,
.consumer-electronics a em span,
.consumer-electronics h3.isotope-title,
.consumer-electronics h1,
.consumer-electronics div em a,
.consumer-electronics .breadcrumb .tag,
.consumer-electronics .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #f75f08 !important;
}
.consumer-electronics .border-box {
  border-color: #f75f08;
}
.consumer-electronics a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #ff7720 50%, #f75f08);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ff7720 50%, #f75f08);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #f75f08 20%, #ff7720);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ff7720 50%, #f75f08);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #ff7720;
}
.consumer-electronics a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #f75f08 40%, #ff7720);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #f75f08 40%, #ff7720);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #ff7720 40%, #f75f08);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #f75f08 50%, #ff7720);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.energy figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #48b44c;
}
.energy a:hover h2,
.energy a:hover h3,
.energy a:hover h6,
.energy a:hover h5,
.energy a em span,
.energy h3.isotope-title,
.energy h1,
.energy div em a,
.energy .breadcrumb .tag,
.energy .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #48b44c !important;
}
.energy .border-box {
  border-color: #48b44c;
}
.energy a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #60cc64 50%, #48b44c);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #60cc64 50%, #48b44c);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #48b44c 20%, #60cc64);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #60cc64 50%, #48b44c);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #60cc64;
}
.energy a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #48b44c 40%, #60cc64);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #48b44c 40%, #60cc64);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #60cc64 40%, #48b44c);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #48b44c 50%, #60cc64);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.at-work figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #5a95d4;
}
.at-work a:hover h2,
.at-work a:hover h3,
.at-work a:hover h6,
.at-work a:hover h5,
.at-work a em span,
.at-work h3.isotope-title,
.at-work h1,
.at-work div em a,
.at-work .breadcrumb .tag,
.at-work .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #5a95d4 !important;
}
.at-work .border-box {
  border-color: #5a95d4;
}
.at-work a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #72adec 50%, #5a95d4);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #72adec 50%, #5a95d4);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #5a95d4 20%, #72adec);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #72adec 50%, #5a95d4);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #72adec;
}
.at-work a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #5a95d4 40%, #72adec);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #5a95d4 40%, #72adec);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #72adec 40%, #5a95d4);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #5a95d4 50%, #72adec);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.geek-life figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #3980bf;
}
.geek-life a:hover h2,
.geek-life a:hover h3,
.geek-life a:hover h6,
.geek-life a:hover h5,
.geek-life a em span,
.geek-life h3.isotope-title,
.geek-life h1,
.geek-life div em a,
.geek-life .breadcrumb .tag,
.geek-life .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #3980bf !important;
}
.geek-life .border-box {
  border-color: #3980bf;
}
.geek-life a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #5198d7 50%, #3980bf);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #5198d7 50%, #3980bf);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #3980bf 20%, #5198d7);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #5198d7 50%, #3980bf);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #5198d7;
}
.geek-life a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #3980bf 40%, #5198d7);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #3980bf 40%, #5198d7);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #5198d7 40%, #3980bf);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #3980bf 50%, #5198d7);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.robotics figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #3fbeb6;
}
.robotics a:hover h2,
.robotics a:hover h3,
.robotics a:hover h6,
.robotics a:hover h5,
.robotics a em span,
.robotics h3.isotope-title,
.robotics h1,
.robotics div em a,
.robotics .breadcrumb .tag,
.robotics .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #3fbeb6 !important;
}
.robotics .border-box {
  border-color: #3fbeb6;
}
.robotics a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #57d6ce 50%, #3fbeb6);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #57d6ce 50%, #3fbeb6);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #3fbeb6 20%, #57d6ce);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #57d6ce 50%, #3fbeb6);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #57d6ce;
}
.robotics a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #3fbeb6 40%, #57d6ce);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #3fbeb6 40%, #57d6ce);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #57d6ce 40%, #3fbeb6);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #3fbeb6 50%, #57d6ce);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.telecom figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #f88c00;
}
.telecom a:hover h2,
.telecom a:hover h3,
.telecom a:hover h6,
.telecom a:hover h5,
.telecom a em span,
.telecom h3.isotope-title,
.telecom h1,
.telecom div em a,
.telecom .breadcrumb .tag,
.telecom .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #f88c00 !important;
}
.telecom .border-box {
  border-color: #f88c00;
}
.telecom a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #ffa418 50%, #f88c00);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ffa418 50%, #f88c00);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #f88c00 20%, #ffa418);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ffa418 50%, #f88c00);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #ffa418;
}
.telecom a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #f88c00 40%, #ffa418);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #f88c00 40%, #ffa418);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #ffa418 40%, #f88c00);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #f88c00 50%, #ffa418);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.semiconductors figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #5041aa;
}
.semiconductors a:hover h2,
.semiconductors a:hover h3,
.semiconductors a:hover h6,
.semiconductors a:hover h5,
.semiconductors a em span,
.semiconductors h3.isotope-title,
.semiconductors h1,
.semiconductors div em a,
.semiconductors .breadcrumb .tag,
.semiconductors .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #5041aa !important;
}
.semiconductors .border-box {
  border-color: #5041aa;
}
.semiconductors a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #6859c2 50%, #5041aa);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #6859c2 50%, #5041aa);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #5041aa 20%, #6859c2);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #6859c2 50%, #5041aa);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #6859c2;
}
.semiconductors a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #5041aa 40%, #6859c2);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #5041aa 40%, #6859c2);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #6859c2 40%, #5041aa);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #5041aa 50%, #6859c2);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.biomedical figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #ff0000;
}
.biomedical a:hover h2,
.biomedical a:hover h3,
.biomedical a:hover h6,
.biomedical a:hover h5,
.biomedical a em span,
.biomedical h3.isotope-title,
.biomedical h1,
.biomedical div em a,
.biomedical .breadcrumb .tag,
.biomedical .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #ff0000 !important;
}
.biomedical .border-box {
  border-color: #ff0000;
}
.biomedical a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #ff1818 50%, #ff0000);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ff1818 50%, #ff0000);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #ff0000 20%, #ff1818);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ff1818 50%, #ff0000);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #ff1818;
}
.biomedical a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #ff0000 40%, #ff1818);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ff0000 40%, #ff1818);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #ff1818 40%, #ff0000);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ff0000 50%, #ff1818);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.aerospace figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #d40a06;
}
.aerospace a:hover h2,
.aerospace a:hover h3,
.aerospace a:hover h6,
.aerospace a:hover h5,
.aerospace a em span,
.aerospace h3.isotope-title,
.aerospace h1,
.aerospace div em a,
.aerospace .breadcrumb .tag,
.aerospace .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #d40a06 !important;
}
.aerospace .border-box {
  border-color: #d40a06;
}
.aerospace a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #ec221e 50%, #d40a06);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ec221e 50%, #d40a06);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #d40a06 20%, #ec221e);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ec221e 50%, #d40a06);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #ec221e;
}
.aerospace a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #d40a06 40%, #ec221e);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #d40a06 40%, #ec221e);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #ec221e 40%, #d40a06);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #d40a06 50%, #ec221e);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.green-tech figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #51cc7f;
}
.green-tech a:hover h2,
.green-tech a:hover h3,
.green-tech a:hover h6,
.green-tech a:hover h5,
.green-tech a em span,
.green-tech h3.isotope-title,
.green-tech h1,
.green-tech div em a,
.green-tech .breadcrumb .tag,
.green-tech .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #51cc7f !important;
}
.green-tech .border-box {
  border-color: #51cc7f;
}
.green-tech a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #69e497 50%, #51cc7f);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #69e497 50%, #51cc7f);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #51cc7f 20%, #69e497);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #69e497 50%, #51cc7f);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #69e497;
}
.green-tech a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #51cc7f 40%, #69e497);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #51cc7f 40%, #69e497);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #69e497 40%, #51cc7f);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #51cc7f 50%, #69e497);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.sponsored figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #03a6e3;
}
.sponsored a:hover h2,
.sponsored a:hover h3,
.sponsored a:hover h6,
.sponsored a:hover h5,
.sponsored a em span,
.sponsored h3.isotope-title,
.sponsored h1,
.sponsored div em a,
.sponsored .breadcrumb .tag,
.sponsored .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
}
.sponsored .border-box {
  border-color: #03a6e3;
}
.sponsored a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #1bbefb 50%, #03a6e3);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #1bbefb 50%, #03a6e3);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #03a6e3 20%, #1bbefb);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #1bbefb 50%, #03a6e3);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #1bbefb;
}
.sponsored a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #03a6e3 40%, #1bbefb);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #03a6e3 40%, #1bbefb);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #1bbefb 40%, #03a6e3);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #03a6e3 50%, #1bbefb);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.Commentary figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #03a6e3;
}
.Commentary a:hover h2,
.Commentary a:hover h3,
.Commentary a:hover h6,
.Commentary a:hover h5,
.Commentary a em span,
.Commentary h3.isotope-title,
.Commentary h1,
.Commentary div em a,
.Commentary .breadcrumb .tag,
.Commentary .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
}
.Commentary .border-box {
  border-color: #03a6e3;
}
.Commentary a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #1bbefb 50%, #03a6e3);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #1bbefb 50%, #03a6e3);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #03a6e3 20%, #1bbefb);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #1bbefb 50%, #03a6e3);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #1bbefb;
}
.Commentary a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #03a6e3 40%, #1bbefb);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #03a6e3 40%, #1bbefb);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #1bbefb 40%, #03a6e3);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #03a6e3 50%, #1bbefb);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.transportation figcaption {
  border-left: 10px solid #e24c2d;
}
.transportation a:hover h2,
.transportation a:hover h3,
.transportation a:hover h6,
.transportation a:hover h5,
.transportation a em span,
.transportation h3.isotope-title,
.transportation h1,
.transportation div em a,
.transportation .breadcrumb .tag,
.transportation .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #e24c2d !important;
}
.transportation .border-box {
  border-color: #e24c2d;
}
.transportation a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #fa6445 50%, #e24c2d);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #fa6445 50%, #e24c2d);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #e24c2d 20%, #fa6445);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #fa6445 50%, #e24c2d);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #fa6445;
}
.transportation a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #e24c2d 40%, #fa6445);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #e24c2d 40%, #fa6445);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #fa6445 40%, #e24c2d);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #e24c2d 50%, #fa6445);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.automaton {
  /* figcaption {border-left: @tagWidth solid  @automaton;} */
}
.automaton a:hover h2,
.automaton a:hover h3,
.automaton a:hover h6,
.automaton a:hover h5,
.automaton a em span,
.automaton h3.isotope-title,
.automaton h1,
.automaton div em a,
.automaton .breadcrumb .tag,
.automaton .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #15cabe !important;
}
.automaton .border-box {
  border-color: #15cabe;
}
.automaton a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #2de2d6 50%, #15cabe);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #2de2d6 50%, #15cabe);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #15cabe 20%, #2de2d6);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #2de2d6 50%, #15cabe);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #2de2d6;
}
.automaton a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #15cabe 40%, #2de2d6);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #15cabe 40%, #2de2d6);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #2de2d6 40%, #15cabe);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #15cabe 50%, #2de2d6);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.nanoclast {
  /* figcaption {border-left: @tagWidth solid  @nano;} */
}
.nanoclast a:hover h2,
.nanoclast a:hover h3,
.nanoclast a:hover h6,
.nanoclast a:hover h5,
.nanoclast a em span,
.nanoclast h3.isotope-title,
.nanoclast h1,
.nanoclast div em a,
.nanoclast .breadcrumb .tag,
.nanoclast .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #682590 !important;
}
.nanoclast .border-box {
  border-color: #682590;
}
.nanoclast a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #803da8 50%, #682590);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #803da8 50%, #682590);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #682590 20%, #803da8);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #803da8 50%, #682590);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #803da8;
}
.nanoclast a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #682590 40%, #803da8);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #682590 40%, #803da8);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #803da8 40%, #682590);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #682590 50%, #803da8);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.riskfactor {
  /* figcaption {border-left: @tagWidth solid  @risk;} */
}
.riskfactor a:hover h2,
.riskfactor a:hover h3,
.riskfactor a:hover h6,
.riskfactor a:hover h5,
.riskfactor a em span,
.riskfactor h3.isotope-title,
.riskfactor h1,
.riskfactor div em a,
.riskfactor .breadcrumb .tag,
.riskfactor .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #df39e1 !important;
}
.riskfactor .border-box {
  border-color: #df39e1;
}
.riskfactor a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #f751f9 50%, #df39e1);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #f751f9 50%, #df39e1);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #df39e1 20%, #f751f9);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #f751f9 50%, #df39e1);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #f751f9;
}
.riskfactor a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #df39e1 40%, #f751f9);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #df39e1 40%, #f751f9);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #f751f9 40%, #df39e1);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #df39e1 50%, #f751f9);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.tech-talk {
  /* figcaption {border-left: @tagWidth solid  @tech;} */
}
.tech-talk a:hover h2,
.tech-talk a:hover h3,
.tech-talk a:hover h6,
.tech-talk a:hover h5,
.tech-talk a em span,
.tech-talk h3.isotope-title,
.tech-talk h1,
.tech-talk div em a,
.tech-talk .breadcrumb .tag,
.tech-talk .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #237fe0 !important;
}
.tech-talk .border-box {
  border-color: #237fe0;
}
.tech-talk a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #3b97f8 50%, #237fe0);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #3b97f8 50%, #237fe0);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #237fe0 20%, #3b97f8);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #3b97f8 50%, #237fe0);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #3b97f8;
}
.tech-talk a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #237fe0 40%, #3b97f8);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #237fe0 40%, #3b97f8);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #3b97f8 40%, #237fe0);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #237fe0 50%, #3b97f8);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.energywise {
  /* figcaption {border-left: @tagWidth solid  @energyWise;} */
}
.energywise a:hover h2,
.energywise a:hover h3,
.energywise a:hover h6,
.energywise a:hover h5,
.energywise a em span,
.energywise h3.isotope-title,
.energywise h1,
.energywise div em a,
.energywise .breadcrumb .tag,
.energywise .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #48b44c !important;
}
.energywise .border-box {
  border-color: #48b44c;
}
.energywise a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #60cc64 50%, #48b44c);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #60cc64 50%, #48b44c);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #48b44c 20%, #60cc64);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #60cc64 50%, #48b44c);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #60cc64;
}
.energywise a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #48b44c 40%, #60cc64);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #48b44c 40%, #60cc64);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #60cc64 40%, #48b44c);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #48b44c 50%, #60cc64);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.sandbox {
  /* figcaption {border-left: @tagWidth solid  @sandbox;} */
}
.sandbox a:hover h2,
.sandbox a:hover h3,
.sandbox a:hover h6,
.sandbox a:hover h5,
.sandbox a em span,
.sandbox h3.isotope-title,
.sandbox h1,
.sandbox div em a,
.sandbox .breadcrumb .tag,
.sandbox .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #5a95d4 !important;
}
.sandbox .border-box {
  border-color: #5a95d4;
}
.sandbox a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #72adec 50%, #5a95d4);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #72adec 50%, #5a95d4);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #5a95d4 20%, #72adec);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #72adec 50%, #5a95d4);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #72adec;
}
.sandbox a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #5a95d4 40%, #72adec);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #5a95d4 40%, #72adec);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #72adec 40%, #5a95d4);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #5a95d4 50%, #72adec);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.cars-that-think {
  /* figcaption {border-left: @tagWidth solid  @cars;} */
}
.cars-that-think a:hover h2,
.cars-that-think a:hover h3,
.cars-that-think a:hover h6,
.cars-that-think a:hover h5,
.cars-that-think a em span,
.cars-that-think h3.isotope-title,
.cars-that-think h1,
.cars-that-think div em a,
.cars-that-think .breadcrumb .tag,
.cars-that-think .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #e24c2d !important;
}
.cars-that-think .border-box {
  border-color: #e24c2d;
}
.cars-that-think a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #fa6445 50%, #e24c2d);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #fa6445 50%, #e24c2d);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #e24c2d 20%, #fa6445);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #fa6445 50%, #e24c2d);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #fa6445;
}
.cars-that-think a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #e24c2d 40%, #fa6445);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #e24c2d 40%, #fa6445);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #fa6445 40%, #e24c2d);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #e24c2d 50%, #fa6445);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.view-from-the-valley {
  /* figcaption {border-left: @tagWidth solid  @valley;} */
}
.view-from-the-valley a:hover h2,
.view-from-the-valley a:hover h3,
.view-from-the-valley a:hover h6,
.view-from-the-valley a:hover h5,
.view-from-the-valley a em span,
.view-from-the-valley h3.isotope-title,
.view-from-the-valley h1,
.view-from-the-valley div em a,
.view-from-the-valley .breadcrumb .tag,
.view-from-the-valley .breadcrumb a.tag {
  color: #ea8c1b !important;
}
.view-from-the-valley .border-box {
  border-color: #ea8c1b;
}
.view-from-the-valley a.button.sign-up {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #ffa433 50%, #ea8c1b);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ffa433 50%, #ea8c1b);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #ea8c1b 20%, #ffa433);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ffa433 50%, #ea8c1b);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #ffa433;
}
.view-from-the-valley a.button.sign-up:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #ea8c1b 40%, #ffa433);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ea8c1b 40%, #ffa433);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #ffa433 40%, #ea8c1b);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ea8c1b 50%, #ffa433);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.cf:after {
  content: ".";
  display: block;
  clear: both;
  visibility: hidden;
  line-height: 0;
  height: 0;
}
.cf {
  display: inline-block;
}
html[xmlns] .cf {
  display: block;
}
* html .cf {
  height: 1%;
}
/* Check it out - create a gradient for the buttons based on one color */
/* ------- .row mixin with a switch! ---*/
.rt {
  float: right;
}
.lt {
  float: left;
}
.adtext {
  font-size: 12px;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  color: #888;
  text-align: center;
}
.adtext.top-space {
  margin-top: 30px;
}
.arrow-icon {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') 0 -8px no-repeat;
  display: inline-block;
  float: right;
  height: 6px;
  margin: 10px 0 0 5px;
  width: 9px;
  clear: none;
}
.active .arrow-icon {
  background-position: 0 -13px;
}
.lt-ie8 .arrow-icon {
  float: none !important;
  display: inline-block !important;
}
.backtotop {
  background-image: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png");
  background-position: -66px -90px;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  display: block;
  height: 30px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 30px;
  left: 3px;
  width: 30px;
  z-index: 999;
}
.border-line {
  display: inline-block;
  border: solid #d6d6d6;
  border-width: 1px 0;
  padding: 14px 0;
  width: 100%;
}
.center-blue-line {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  clear: both;
  padding: 40px 0;
}
.center-blue-line .line {
  width: 30%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #03a6e3;
}
.ext-resource {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/ext-res-bg.png') right 5px no-repeat;
  display: inline !important;
  padding-right: 12px;
}
.ieee-btn {
  border: none;
  color: #fff !important;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  background: #03a6e3;
  padding: 10px 34px;
  text-decoration: none;
  background: linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #0394cb 20%, #00acee);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb 20%);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #00acee;
}
.ieee-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #0394cb 40%, #00acee);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #0394cb 40%, #00acee);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #00acee 40%, #0394cb);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #0394cb 50%, #00acee 20%);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.ieee-btn:hover {
  color: #fff;
}
.loading {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 10% 0 0 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 90%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  font-size: 36px;
  color: #000;
  text-align: center;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 99;
}
.light-anchor {
  border: solid #dddddd;
  border-width: 1px 0 0 0;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.bold-anchor {
  border: solid #03a6e3;
  border-width: 6px 0;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 22px 0;
  margin: 0 0 22px;
}
.load-more-btn {
  height: 27px;
  color: #fff !important;
  clear: both;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  margin: 80px auto 40px;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
  width: 40%;
  padding: 16px 0;
  background: linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #0394cb 20%, #00acee);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb 20%);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #00acee;
}
.load-more-btn:hover {
  color: #fff;
}
.load-more-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #0394cb 40%, #00acee);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #0394cb 40%, #00acee);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #00acee 40%, #0394cb);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #0394cb 50%, #00acee 20%);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.hidden {
  display: none;
}
time,
.date {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: #606060;
}
.watermark {
  color: #fff;
}
#main .watermark {
  color: #bbb;
}
/* ------------- Icons ------------------ */
.icon-rss {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -78px -139px no-repeat;
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1;
  height: 13px;
  width: 11px;
  display: block;
  top: 11px;
  left: 26px;
}
.icon-podcast {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -62px -138px no-repeat;
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1;
  height: 13px;
  width: 15px;
  display: block;
  top: 9px;
  left: 26px;
}
.icon-comment {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -62px -121px no-repeat;
  z-index: 1;
  height: 14px;
  width: 16px;
  margin-top: 4px;
  display: block;
}
.nopad {
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.readmore,
a.readmore {
  clear: both;
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  margin-top: 10px;
  padding: 0 20px 0 0;
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.readmore:hover,
a.readmore:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.float-left {
  display: inline-block;
  float: left;
}
.float-right {
  display: inline-block;
  float: right;
}
.align-center {
  text-align: center;
}
.align-right {
  text-align: right;
}
.clear {
  clear: both;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 1px;
  float: none;
}
.column {
  float: left;
  display: inline-block;
}
.pad-20 {
  height: 20px;
  display: block;
  float: none;
  clear: both;
}
#breadcrumbs {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
#breadcrumbs li {
  color: #000;
  list-style: none;
  line-height: 14px;
  float: left;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  border-left: 1px solid #000;
  padding: 0 8px;
}
#breadcrumbs li a {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  text-decoration: none;
}
#breadcrumbs li a:hover {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
#breadcrumbs li:first-child {
  border: none;
  padding: 0 8px 0 0;
}
.skip-to {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.skip-to h5 {
  margin: 0 0 22px;
}
.skip-to a {
  float: left;
  border: none;
  color: #fff !important;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  background: #03a6e3;
  padding: 10px 34px;
  text-decoration: none;
  background: linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #0394cb 20%, #00acee);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb 20%);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #00acee;
}
.skip-to a:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #0394cb 40%, #00acee);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #0394cb 40%, #00acee);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #00acee 40%, #0394cb);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #0394cb 50%, #00acee 20%);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
.skip-to a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}
/**
* Subchannels
*/
div.homepage h1 {
  margin-bottom: 5px !important;
}
.subchannels {
  padding: 0 0 60px;
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: .9em;
  margin-left: 5px;
}
.subchannels > .label {
  font-variant: small-caps;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #03A6E3;
}
.subchannels > .subchannel {
  text-decoration: none;
  margin: 0 6px;
  color: #111;
}
.subchannels > .subchannel:hover {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1px 5px;
  background-color: #00aeef;
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #0981AD;
}
/**
* Isotope filter controls (tabs)
*/
.pull-right {
  float: right;
}
.article-options-bar {
  position: relative;
  top: -45px;
}
.article-options-bar .article-control {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 14px;
}
.article-options-bar .article-control > .list-heading {
  display: inline-block;
}
.article-options-bar .article-control > .list {
  list-style-type: none;
  font-size: .9em;
}
.article-options-bar .article-control > .list > .list-item {
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  padding: 1px 6px;
  cursor: pointer;
  height: 24px;
  line-height: 24px;
}
.article-options-bar .article-control > .list > .list-item:hover {
  background-color: #00AEEF;
  color: #fff;
}
.article-options-bar .article-control > .list > .active,
.article-options-bar .article-control > .list .active:hover {
  background-color: #797A7D;
  color: #fff;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #111;
}
.article-options-bar .article-control > .list-horizontal {
  display: inline !important;
  padding-left: 0;
}
.article-options-bar .article-control > .list-horizontal > .list-item {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 4px;
}
/**
* Icons 
*/
.article-options-bar [class^="icon-"] {
  background-image: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  width: 22px;
  height: 22px;
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
  margin-right: 5px;
}
.icon-layout-organic {
  background-position: -7px -219px;
}
.icon-layout-grid {
  background-position: -33px -219px;
}
.article-options-bar .list-item:not(.active):hover .icon-layout-organic {
  background-position: -7px -273px;
}
.article-options-bar .list-item:not(.active):hover .icon-layout-grid {
  background-position: -33px -273px;
}
.list p {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 18px;
}
.recent-work h4 {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 20px 0 0;
}
.recent-work .inline-list {
  margin-top: 3px;
}
.recent-work .inline-list.searchmeta li {
  height: 18px;
  line-height: 18px;
}
.recent-work .column {
  padding-right: 20px;
}
.learn-more {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-family: border: none;
  padding: 7px 0 0;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0 0 25px;
}
.learn-more h5 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 26px;
}
.learn-more a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  padding: 0 20px 0 0;
  line-height: 24px;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.learn-more a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.learn-more h5 {
  display: inline;
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0 10px 0 0;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
}
#bottom-share-tools .metadata {
  padding-top: 10px;
  height: 71px;
}
.social-widget {
  float: left;
  margin: 0 10px;
  padding: 0;
  width: 70px;
}
.social-widget.facebook {
  margin: 0 0 0 70px;
}
.social-widget.twitter {
  margin-right: 8px;
}
.social-widget.linkedin {
  margin-top: 5px;
}
.social-widget.share-buttons {
  width: 260px;
  float: right;
  margin-top: -10px;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 33px 0 0 20px;
}
.article-share-options {
  float: right;
  height: 16px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  clear: none !important;
  border-left: 1px white solid;
}
.article-share-options li {
  height: 16px;
  line-height: 16px;
  padding-right: 12px !important;
}
.article-share-options li a {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: block;
  font-size: 14px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.article-share-options li a span {
  display: inline-block;
  float: left;
}
.article-share-options li a .icon {
  background-image: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  width: 17px;
  height: 13px;
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 2px;
  margin-right: 6px;
}
.article-share-options li a .icon.print {
  background-position: -197px -17px;
}
.article-share-options li a .icon.email {
  background-position: -178px -17px;
}
.article-share-options li a .icon.share {
  background-position: -162px -17px;
  margin-right: 2px;
}
.article-share-options li a:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}
.article-share-options li a:hover .icon.print {
  background-position: -197px -30px;
}
.article-share-options li a:hover .icon.email {
  background-position: -178px -30px;
}
.article-share-options li a:hover .icon.share {
  background-position: -162px -30px;
}
.metadata {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0 0 14px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  width: 100%;
}
.metadata .byline {
  float: left;
  width: 60%;
}
.metadata .ieee-btn {
  float: left;
  display: block;
}
.metadata .emphasis {
  position: relative;
  top: -25px;
  left: 2px;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: #000;
}
nav#post-nav {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}
nav#post-nav h5 {
  color: #fff;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 26px 16px;
  background-image: linear-gradient(bottom, #3d3d3d 42%, #525252 71%, #595959 86%);
  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #3d3d3d 42%, #525252 71%, #595959 86%);
  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #3d3d3d 42%, #525252 71%, #595959 86%);
  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #3d3d3d 42%, #525252 71%, #595959 86%);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #3d3d3d 42%, #525252 71%, #595959 86%);
  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(0.42, #3d3d3d), color-stop(0.71, #525252), color-stop(0.86, #595959));
}
nav#post-nav a {
  border-left: 1px solid #e9e9e9;
  color: #03a6e3;
  text-decoration: none;
  float: left;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  display: block;
  margin: 26px 0;
  padding: 12px 61px;
  text-align: center;
  width: 186px;
}
nav#post-nav a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 22px;
}
nav#post-nav a time {
  color: #919191;
  font-size: 13px;
}
nav#post-nav a.first {
  border: none;
}
nav#post-nav a:hover h6 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.inline-media,
.inline-video {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 0;
  clear: both;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.inline-media .preview-frame,
.inline-video .preview-frame {
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <el> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <el> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <el> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
}
.inline-media .preview-frame a,
.inline-video .preview-frame a {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.inline-media .preview-frame span,
.inline-video .preview-frame span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.inline-media .preview-frame span:hover,
.inline-video .preview-frame span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
.inline-media .preview-frame em,
.inline-video .preview-frame em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.inline-media .preview-frame em:hover,
.inline-video .preview-frame em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.inline-media .preview-frame mark,
.inline-video .preview-frame mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.inline-media .preview-frame mark:hover,
.inline-video .preview-frame mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
.inline-media .media,
.inline-video .media {
  display: none;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
}
.inline-media .captions em,
.inline-video .captions em {
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  display: block;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-style: normal;
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.inline-media .captions div,
.inline-video .captions div {
  color: #5a5a5a;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 22px;
}
.related-articles {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0 0 32px;
  width: 100%;
}
.related-articles h6 {
  font-size: 24px;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.related-articles article {
  display: block;
  float: left;
  width: 140px;
}
.related-articles article .blur {
  background: white;
  opacity: .65;
  display: none;
  /* set to none initially to prevent screen from showing while page is loading but set to display:block in JS before isotope layout starts */
  height: 90%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 2;
}
.related-articles article a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 140px;
}
.related-articles article a h3,
.related-articles article a h2 {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  padding: 0 0 6px;
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 24px;
}
.related-articles article a h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.related-articles article a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 24px;
  margin: 14px 0 8px;
}
.related-articles article a time {
  color: #919191;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.related-articles article a em {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
  font-style: normal;
}
.related-articles article a figure {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 140px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  /* ----- A <div.shade> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be Hover Gradient */
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
}
.related-articles article a figure img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
.related-articles article a figure div.shade {
  display: none;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  border-top: 0 !important;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.related-articles article a figure span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.related-articles article a figure span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
.related-articles article a figure em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.related-articles article a figure em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.related-articles article a figure mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.related-articles article a figure mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
.related-articles article a figure .preview-frame {
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.related-articles article a figure .media {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.related-articles article a figure .media span {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  right: 4px;
}
.related-articles article a figure figcaption {
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  position: absolute;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px;
}
.related-articles article a figure.tag-no-image {
  float: none;
  display: inline-block;
  height: 24px !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
}
.related-articles article a figure.tag-no-image figcaption {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
}
.related-articles article a p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.related-articles article a p span.pubDate,
.related-articles article a p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.related-articles article p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.related-articles article p span.pubDate,
.related-articles article p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.related-articles article p a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  display: inline;
}
.related-articles article span.pubDate,
.related-articles article time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  display: block;
  color: #919191;
}
.related-articles article a:hover figure div.shade {
  display: block;
}
.related-articles article a:hover h3,
.related-articles article a:hover h2,
.related-articles article a:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.related-articles article a h6 {
  margin-bottom: 2px !important;
}
/* ------------- Anchor Buttons ----------- SEE COLOR-SCHEMES.LESS FOR OTHER COLOR GRADIENTS */
a.button {
  display: inline-block;
  float: none;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background: linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #0394cb 20%, #00acee);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #00acee 50%, #0394cb 20%);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#00acee', EndColorStr='#0394cb')";
  background-color: #00acee;
  color: #fff !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 14px;
  height: 32px;
  line-height: 32px;
  padding: 0 30px;
  position: relative;
}
a.button:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(top, #0394cb 40%, #00acee);
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #0394cb 40%, #00acee);
  background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #00acee 40%, #0394cb);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #0394cb 50%, #00acee 20%);
  -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#0394cb', EndColorStr='#00acee')";
}
a.button.podcast-rss {
  padding-left: 46px;
}
a.button.download-podcast {
  padding-left: 46px;
}
a.button.sign-up {
  width: 162px !important;
  height: 32px;
  line-height: 32px;
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
}
.buttons {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  display: block;
  clear: both;
  padding: 10px 0;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.buttons a.button {
  float: left;
  margin-right: 10px;
}
.buttons span {
  float: left;
  margin-right: 10px;
  height: 20px;
  line-height: 32px;
}
.refine-form {
  z-index: 999;
}
.refine-form label {
  margin-right: 10px;
}
.refine-form .sb-custom {
  margin-right: 30px;
}
.refine-form .sb-select {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  font-size: 14px !important;
  color: #03a6e3;
  text-transform: none;
}
.refine-form .sb-dropdown a,
.refine-form .sb-dropdown a:hover,
.refine-form .sb-dropdown .selected {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
ul.inline-list {
  display: block;
  clear: both;
  overflow: hidden;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
ul.inline-list strong {
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 14px;
}
ul.inline-list li {
  float: left;
  display: inline-block;
  padding-right: 10px;
}
ul.inline-list li.sep {
  color: #b2b2b2;
}
ul.inline-list.breadcrumb {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Bold", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 14px;
}
ul.inline-list.related-tags {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 14px;
  padding-top: 10px;
}
ul.inline-list.related-tags li {
  padding-right: 16px;
}
ul.inline-list.related-tags a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}
ul.inline-list.related-tags a:hover {
  text-decoration: none !important;
  color: #000;
}
ul.inline-list.related-tags strong {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  border-bottom: 0px;
}
.search-bar a.submit {
  background-image: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/icon_search.png');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: 8px 8px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  display: block;
  position: absolute;
  right: 16px;
  top: 16px;
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  background-color: transparent;
  z-index: 9999;
}
.refine-bar {
  display: block;
  clear: both;
  padding: 24px 0;
  border-bottom: 0px solid #d6d6d6;
}
.refine-bar li {
  padding-right: 10px;
  font-size: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.refine-bar .column.right {
  float: right;
}
.refine-bar .column.left {
  margin-top: 6px;
}
.refine-bar .column.left a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #000;
}
.refine-bar .column.left a:hover,
.refine-bar .column.left a.active {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.refine-bar .refine-form .sb-custom {
  margin-right: 0;
}
.twitter-links {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.twitter-links .column {
  height: 30px;
  margin-right: 1em;
  line-height: 30px;
}
.description {
  color: #000;
  margin: 20px 0;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 18px;
}
.description strong {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-weight: bold;
}
a.zoom .magnifier {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -272px -14px no-repeat;
  display: block;
  position: absolute;
  width: 24px;
  height: 26px;
  z-index: 1000;
  display: none;
  /* is faded in with jQuery after positioned in bottom right corner */
  cursor: pointer;
}
a.zoom figure .ai {
  display: none;
}
.split .column {
  position: relative;
  width: 48% !important;
  margin: 0 2% 1em 0 !important;
}
.split .column.last {
  margin-right: 0 !important;
  float: right;
}
.graybox {
  background-color: #efefef;
  padding: 12px 12px 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}
.graybox .border-wrapper {
  /* for Safari - which doesn't support input borders */
  border: 1px solid #a8a8a8;
  margin: 0 0 13px;
  padding: 0;
}
.graybox input {
  display: block;
  width: 586px;
  clear: both;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 0;
  outline: none;
  padding: 10px 4px;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.graybox .split-fields {
  overflow: hidden;
}
.graybox .split-fields input {
  width: 287px;
  display: inline-block;
  clear: none;
}
.radio-box .radio-item {
  position: relative;
  float: left;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0 28px;
  margin-right: 20px;
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.radio-box .radio-item .square-radio {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 21px;
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -39px -115px no-repeat;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.radio-box .radio-item .square-radio.on {
  background-position: -39px -136px;
}
.span2 {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}
.span2 div {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  width: 300px;
}
.span2 div:first-child,
.span2 div.first {
  padding: 0;
}
.span2 div ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 18px;
}
.span4 {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}
.span4 div,
.span4 ul li {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  width: 140px;
}
.span4 div:first-child,
.span4 ul li:first-child {
  padding: 0;
}
.span4 ul {
  display: inline-block;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 16px 0 0;
  width: 100%;
}
.span4 ul li,
.span4 ul a {
  font-size: 14px;
}
header {
  background: #5a5a5a;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(20, 20, 20, 0.8);
  -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(20, 20, 20, 0.8);
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(20, 20, 20, 0.8);
}
header #ieee-metanav {
  display: block;
  background: #111;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  clear: both;
  margin: 0;
}
header #ieee-metanav ul {
  width: 575px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
header #ieee-metanav ul li {
  color: #DDD;
  line-height: 25px;
}
header #ieee-metanav ul li a {
  color: #DDD;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 25px;
}
header #ieee-metanav ul li a span {
  color: #03A6E3;
  font-weight: bold;
}
header #ieee-metanav ul li a strong {
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
}
header #ieee-metanav ul li a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
header #masthead {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 20px 0 10px 0;
  padding: 0;
}
header #masthead .masthead-wrap {
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 15px;
}
header #masthead .brand-space {
  display: block;
  float: left;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}
header #masthead .brand-space #brand {
  width: 210px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
header #masthead .brand-space #brand img {
  width: 210px;
}
header #masthead .brand-space #social-space {
  width: 210px;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 32px 0 0 0;
}
header #masthead .brand-space #social-space span.follow {
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 16px;
  display: inline-block;
  color: #FFF;
  vertical-align: top;
}
header #masthead .brand-space #social-space ul {
  display: inline-block;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-left: 8px;
}
header #masthead .brand-space #social-space ul.social-links li {
  padding-right: 4px;
}
header #masthead .ad-space {
  display: block;
  float: right;
  width: 745px;
  height: 90px;
}
header #masthead .ad-space span {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') 0 -80px no-repeat;
  display: block;
  float: left;
  height: 87px;
  margin: 0 3px 0 0;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  width: 14px;
}
header #masthead .ad-space .leaderboard-wrap {
  float: left;
  width: 728px;
  height: 90px;
}
header nav {
  display: block;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  overflow: hidden;
}
header nav ul,
header nav li {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
header nav #ticker {
  display: inline-block;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #d5d5d5;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 10;
  width: 100%;
  background: #fcffeb;
  height: 60px;
  line-height: 60px;
}
header nav #ticker em {
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-style: normal;
  color: #03a6e3;
}
header nav #ticker a {
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-style: normal;
  color: #03a6e3;
  text-decoration: none;
}
header nav #ticker a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
header nav #ticker time {
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 12px;
  display: inline;
}
header nav #ticker .commonwrap {
  position: relative;
}
header nav #ticker .commonwrap strong {
  margin-left: 1px;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
}
header nav #ticker #close-ticker {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -221px -19px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 20px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  width: 23px;
  position: absolute;
  right: 20px;
  top: 20px;
}
header nav #ticker #close-ticker:hover {
  background-position: -221px -19px;
}
header nav #ticker .column.control {
  float: right !important;
}
header nav ul.primary {
  padding: 0 20px;
}
header nav ul.primary li {
  float: left;
  padding: 0;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}
header nav ul.primary li.active {
  background: #dddddd;
  outline: none;
}
header nav ul.primary li.active a {
  color: #000000;
}
header nav ul.primary li a {
  display: inline-block;
  color: #FFF;
  padding: 14px 0;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 16px;
  text-align: center;
}
header nav ul.primary li:first-child {
  margin-left: -20px;
}
header nav div.slider {
  clear: both;
  width: 100%;
  background: #dddddd;
  height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: #000000;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 5000000;
}
header nav div.slider h4 {
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 14px;
}
header nav div.slider h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0;
}
header nav div.slider h6 {
  color: #606060;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 16px;
  margin: 0;
}
header nav div.slider p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  margin: 6px 0 0;
}
header nav div.slider time,
header nav div.slider .date {
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: #606060;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols {
  display: none;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding-bottom: 50px;
  font-size: 10px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols a:hover {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols .section-links ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 12px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols .section-links ul li {
  padding: 0 0 4px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols .section-links ul li a {
  display: block;
  font-size: 14px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols .section-links .ieee-btn {
  color: #fff;
  display: block;
  padding: 8px 17px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li {
  float: left;
  margin: 28px 0 0;
  padding: 0 30px 0 50px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li:first-child {
  margin-left: 0;
  padding: 0 14px 0 0;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li h4 {
  margin: -8px 0 14px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols li.border {
  width: 1px;
  height: 230px;
  background: #b3b3b3;
  padding: 0;
  margin-left: 19px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols .mag-cover,
header nav div.slider ul.cols .magItems {
  float: left;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols .mag-cover img {
  -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols ul.magItems {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 0 0 24px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols ul.magItems a {
  display: block;
  width: 220px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols ul.magItems a:hover h5 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.tStories .cropContain {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.tStories .cropContain ul {
  width: 9000px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.tStories .cropContain ul li {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  width: 140px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.tStories .cropContain ul li figure {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 0 6px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.tStories .cropContain ul li figure figcaption {
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px;
  min-height: 18px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.tStories .cropContain ul li .tag-no-image {
  height: 36px;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.tStories .cropContain ul li h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 18px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.tStories ul li:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.mediumMods .cropContain ul li {
  width: 300px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.mediumMods .cropContain ul li figure {
  width: 100%;
  height: 224px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.mediumMods .cropContain ul li figure img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.mStories {
  width: 264px;
  padding: 0 0 0 42px;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols > li.mStories table {
  display: inline-block;
  float: right;
}
header nav div.slider ul.cols li.sponsor-line {
  clear: both;
  float: none;
  padding: 0;
  text-align: right;
  width: 100%;
}
header nav div.slider ul.stories li p {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
}
header nav div.slider a {
  color: #000000;
  text-decoration: none;
}
header nav div.slider #top-search-form {
  display: block;
  float: right;
  margin-top: 45px;
  position: relative;
}
header nav div.slider #top-search-form .search-bar {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
  position: relative;
  float: right;
  clear: both;
  width: 220px;
  border: 1px solid #03a6e3;
}
header nav div.slider #top-search-form .search-bar input.headSearch {
  -webkit-appearance: caret;
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid #5a5a5a;
  color: black;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 4px;
  text-align: right;
  width: 192px;
  float: left;
}
header nav div.slider #top-search-form .search-bar .headSubmitBtn {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') no-repeat -256px 3px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  width: 16px;
  height: 20px;
  float: left;
  margin: 2px 0 0 2px;
  cursor: auto;
}
header nav div.slider #nav-popular-searches {
  margin-top: 45px;
  float: left;
}
header nav div.slider #nav-popular-searches h5 {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  margin-right: 10px;
}
header nav div.slider #nav-popular-searches ul {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: bottom;
}
header nav div.slider #nav-popular-searches ul li a {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: #03A6E3;
}
.lt-ie8 #masthead {
  margin: 0;
}
.lt-ie8 header section#masthead .brand-space div #user-actions li {
  line-height: 14px;
}
/* ----------- Social Networks Sprite Rules ----------- */
.social-links li {
  padding: 0 0 4px;
}
.social-links li a {
  display: block;
}
.social-links li a span {
  display: block;
  float: left;
  margin: 0 4px 0 0;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
}
.social-links .linkedIn {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -200px 0 no-repeat;
}
.social-links .faceBook {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -162px 0 no-repeat;
}
.social-links .twitter {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -181px 0 no-repeat;
}
.social-links .google {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -219px 0 no-repeat;
}
.social-links .rssFeed {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -238px 0 no-repeat;
}
/* --------------- Footer Styles ---------------------- */
footer {
  background: #3b3b3b url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/ieee_footer_bg_02.png') left bottom repeat-x;
}
#topFooter {
  width: 100%;
  background: #dddddd url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/ieee_footer_bg_01.png') 0 0 repeat-x;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 30px 0 15px;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  font-size: 12px;
}
#topFooter h4 {
  font-size: 12px !important;
}
.footerLogo {
  float: left;
  margin: 0;
}
#footerTopMenu {
  float: left;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 236px;
}
#footerTopMenu ul {
  list-style: none;
  float: left;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 50px;
  width: 100px;
}
#footerTopMenu ul:first-child {
  padding: 0;
  width: auto;
}
#footerTopMenu ul a,
#footerTopMenu ul a:visited {
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
}
#footerTopMenu ul a:hover,
#footerTopMenu ul a:visited:hover {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
#footerTopMenu ul h4 {
  margin: 15px 0 6px;
  line-height: 12px;
}
#footerTopMenu ul h4:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}
#footerTopMenu ul img {
  -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}
#footerCopy {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  clear: both;
  color: #616161;
  list-style-type: none;
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 15px 0 0;
  margin: 0;
}
#footerCopy #copyrightTag {
  float: left;
  width: 270px;
}
#footerCopy #policyNav {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 236px;
  word-spacing: 2px;
}
#footerCopy #policyNav a,
#footerCopy #policyNav a:visited {
  color: #616161;
  text-decoration: none;
}
#footerCopy #policyNav a:hover,
#footerCopy #policyNav a:visited:hover {
  color: #000;
}
#subFooter {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 20px 0;
  background: #3b3b3b url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/ieee_footer_bg_02.png') 0 0 repeat-x;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-family: sans-serif;
}
#footerSubMenu {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 364px;
}
#footerSubMenu ul {
  list-style: none;
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 50px;
}
#footerSubMenu ul:first-child {
  padding: 0;
}
#footerSubMenu a,
#footerSubMenu a:visited {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
}
#footerSubMenu a:hover,
#footerSubMenu a:visited:hover {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
/* --------------- Carousel Styles -------------------- */
.carousel {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  height: 280px;
  width: 264px;
}
.carousel .arrows {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  top: -24px;
  right: 0;
}
.carousel .arrows a {
  float: left;
  font-size: 14px;
  margin: 0 14px 0 0;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.carousel .arrows a span {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.carousel .arrows a.prev,
.carousel .arrows a.next {
  background: #c1c1c1 url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') no-repeat;
  display: block;
  float: left;
  height: 22px;
  margin: 0 0 0 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  width: 23px;
}
.carousel .arrows a.prev:hover,
.carousel .arrows a.next:hover {
  background-color: #03a6e3;
}
.carousel .arrows a.prev {
  background-position: -18px -87px;
}
.carousel .arrows a.next {
  background-position: -44px -92px;
}
.carousel .arrows .inactive {
  cursor: text;
  opacity: 0.5;
  filter: alpha(opacity=50);
}
.carousel .arrows .inactive:hover {
  background-color: #c1c1c1 !important;
}
.carousel .cOuter {
  display: block;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}
.carousel .cOuter .carouselInner {
  display: block;
  width: 4000px;
  position: absolute;
}
.carousel .cOuter .carouselInner .slide {
  display: block;
  float: left;
}
.carousel .cOuter .carouselInner .slide > a {
  padding-top: 14px;
  display: block;
}
.carousel .cOuter .carouselInner .slide > a .tag {
  color: #666;
  font-size: 12px;
  display: block;
}
.carousel .cOuter .carouselInner .slide > a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  margin: 0;
}
.carousel .cOuter .carouselInner .slide > a .date {
  color: #888;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.carousel .cOuter .carouselInner .slide > a:hover h6 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.carousel .cOuter .carouselInner .slide > a:first-child {
  padding-top: 0;
}
header .carousel .cOuter .carouselInner .slide {
  width: 264px;
}
.sml-slides {
  clear: both;
  padding: 0 0 24px;
}
.sml-slides .carousel {
  width: 620px;
  height: 300px;
}
.sml-slides .top {
  display: block;
  clear: both;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.sml-slides .top .arrows {
  display: inline-block;
  float: right;
  top: 6px;
}
.sml-slides .top h6 {
  font-size: 24px;
  display: inline-block;
  float: left;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 24px;
}
.sml-slides article {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 20px 0 0;
  width: 140px;
}
.medium-slides {
  clear: both;
  padding: 0 0 24px;
}
.medium-slides .carousel {
  width: 620px;
  height: 300px;
}
.medium-slides .arrows {
  top: -50px;
}
.medium-slides h6 {
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 24px;
}
.medium-slides article {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 20px 0 0;
  width: 300px;
}
.wide-medium-slides {
  clear: both;
  padding: 0 0 24px;
}
.wide-medium-slides .carousel {
  width: 940px;
  height: 300px;
}
.wide-medium-slides .arrows {
  top: -50px;
}
.wide-medium-slides h6 {
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 24px;
}
.wide-medium-slides article {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 20px 0 0;
  width: 300px;
}
.feature-slides {
  padding: 0 0 34px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel {
  width: 740px;
  height: 554px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .preview-frame {
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <el> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <el> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <el> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 100%;
  z-index: 22;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .preview-frame a {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .preview-frame span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .preview-frame span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .preview-frame em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .preview-frame em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .preview-frame mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .preview-frame mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .preview-frame img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .magnifier {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -272px -14px no-repeat;
  display: block;
  position: absolute;
  right: 7px;
  bottom: 7px;
  opacity: .8;
  filter: alpha(opacity=80);
  width: 24px;
  height: 26px;
  z-index: 21;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .carouselInner article {
  float: left;
  width: 740px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel a.prev,
.feature-slides .carousel a.next {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  top: 45%;
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') no-repeat;
  display: block;
  height: 63px;
  margin: 0 0 0 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  width: 36px;
  z-index: 20;
}
.feature-slides .carousel a.prev {
  background-position: -108px -93px;
  left: 12px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel a.prev:hover {
  background-position: -153px -93px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel a.next {
  background-position: -202px -94px;
  right: 12px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel a.next:hover {
  background-position: -254px -95px;
}
.feature-slides .carousel .inactive {
  cursor: text;
  display: none !important;
}
.feature-slides .slideshow-content {
  padding: 14px 0 0;
}
.feature-slides .slideshow-content strong {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
}
.feature-slides .slideshow-content > div {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 38px;
  float: right;
  padding: 14px 0 0;
}
.feature-slides .slideshow-content > p {
  color: #5a5a5a;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0 100px 0 0;
}
.feature-slides .slideshow-content > p em {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-style: normal;
}
.wide-slides {
  clear: both;
  padding: 24px 0;
}
.wide-slides .carousel {
  width: 940px;
}
.wide-slides .arrows {
  top: -50px;
}
.wide-slides h6 {
  border-top: 6px solid #03a6e3;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 24px 0;
}
.wide-slides article {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 20px 0 0;
  width: 140px;
}
.wide-slides article a {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.wide-slides article a:hover {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.wide-slides article figure {
  padding: 0 0 14px;
}
.wide-slides article figure img {
  -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  width: 100%;
}
/* --------------- Media Queries --------------- */
@media screen and (max-width: 1320px) {
  ul.primary {
    width: 1024px;
    margin: 0 0 0 -40px;
  }
  header nav ul.primary li a {
    padding: 14px 36px;
  }
  #menuCentered {
    width: 958px;
  }
  #masthead .masthead-wrap {
    width: 994px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols ul.magItems {
    width: 190px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .magItems .cropContain {
    width: 0;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .cropContain,
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .mediumMods .cropContain {
    width: 620px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .mediumMods:first-child .cropContain {
    width: 620px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.reports .cropContain {
    width: 480px;
  }
  header nav ul.primary li a span.trunc {
    display: none;
  }
  .commonwrap {
    width: 994px;
  }
  #footerTopMenu {
    padding: 0 0 0 200px;
  }
  #footerTopMenu ul {
    padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  }
  #footerCopy #policyNav {
    padding: 0 0 0 200px;
  }
  #footerSubMenu {
    padding: 0 0 0 328px;
  }
  .fixed-wrap {
    width: 960px;
  }
  #wide-content,
  .feature-slides .carousel,
  .wide-medium-slides .carousel,
  .wide-slides .carousel,
  .feature-slides .carousel .carouselInner article {
    width: 620px;
  }
  .feature-slides .carousel {
    height: 465px;
  }
  .main-detail figure {
    width: 140px;
  }
  .main-detail div {
    width: 390px;
  }
  .two-two-top div {
    width: 620px;
    margin: 0;
  }
  .two-two-top div article {
    width: 193px;
  }
  .two-two-top div article a {
    width: 100%;
  }
  .four-top div article,
  .four-top div > span {
    width: 620px;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .four-top div {
    border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5;
    padding: 36px 0 0;
  }
  .four-top div.first {
    border: none;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .four-top div article {
    border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5;
    padding: 36px 0 0;
  }
  .four-top div article:first-child {
    border: none;
    padding: 0 0 18px;
  }
  .four-top div article a,
  .four-top div > span a {
    width: 100%;
  }
  .four-top div article a figure,
  .four-top div > span a figure {
    height: 360px;
  }
  .three-top div article.last {
    display: none;
  }
  .three-top.multimedia .split .column.filter-bar label {
    margin-left: 12px;
  }
  .mag-archive h1 {
    font-size: 38px;
  }
  .mag-archive .refine-form .sb-custom {
    margin-right: 0;
  }
  .mag-archive div > span {
    width: 193px;
  }
  .mag-archive div > span .shield {
    width: 100%;
    height: 255px;
  }
  .mag-archive div > span .shield a img {
    width: 193px;
    height: 255px;
  }
  .mag-archive div > span h3 {
    margin: 14px 0 18px;
  }
  .mag-archive .no-cover-img {
    width: 193px;
    height: 255px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1320px) and (max-width: 1640px) {
  ul.primary {
    width: 1320px;
    margin: 0;
  }
  header nav ul.primary li a {
    padding: 14px 35px;
  }
  #masthead .masthead-wrap {
    width: 1280px;
    padding-right: 10px;
  }
  #menuCentered,
  .commonwrap {
    width: 1272px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .magItems .cropContain {
    width: 140px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .cropContain {
    width: 940px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .mediumMods .cropContain {
    width: 940px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .mediumMods:first-child .cropContain {
    width: 940px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.reports .cropContain {
    width: 640px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1640px) {
  ul.primary {
    width: 1600px;
  }
  header nav ul.primary li a {
    padding: 14px 35px;
  }
  #masthead .masthead-wrap {
    width: 1284px;
  }
  #menuCentered,
  .commonwrap {
    width: 1272px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .magItems .cropContain {
    width: 300px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .cropContain {
    width: 940px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .mediumMods .cropContain {
    width: 940px;
  }
  header nav div.slider ul.cols .mediumMods:first-child .cropContain {
    width: 940px;
  }
}
#lbCaption figcaption.hi-cap,
#lbCaption em {
  font-style: normal;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  color: #222;
  font-size: 12px;
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: block;
}
#lbPrevLink,
#lbNextLink {
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-color: transparent;
}
#lbPrevLink {
  background-image: url(/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/slide_arrow_left.png);
  background-position: 2% 50%;
}
#lbNextLink {
  background-image: url(/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/slide_arrow_right.png);
  background-position: 98% 50%;
}
#lbPrevLink:hover {
  background-image: url(/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/slide_arrow_left_hover2.png);
  background-position: 2% 50%;
}
#lbNextLink:hover {
  background-image: url(/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/slide_arrow_right_hover2.png);
  background-position: 98% 50%;
}
#lbCloseLink {
  position: absolute;
  right: -28px;
  top: -32px;
  display: block;
  float: right;
  width: 21px;
  height: 20px;
  background: url(/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png) -221px -19px no-repeat;
  outline: none;
}
#lbImage {
  border: 38px solid #fff;
  border-bottom: 0;
}
#lbBottom {
  padding: 4px 28px 20px;
}
#lbBottom figcaption,
#lbBottom p {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 30px;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 22px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
}
#lbNumber {
  position: absolute;
  right: -32px;
  top: 10px;
  font-size: 20px;
  color: #333;
  display: block;
}
/* ------------- Isotope and Tagged Module related styles ----------- */
.articles {
  overflow: visible !important;
  margin: 65px auto 0 auto;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  /* styles for Webinar isotope module "Available on demand" text */
}
.articles article {
  padding: 0 0 35px;
  margin: 0;
  float: left;
  overflow: visible;
  /*border: 1px solid #E5E5E5;*/
  /*img{
			max-width: 300px;
			border: 2px solid #A5A5A5;
		}*/
}
.articles article > a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.articles article.item .webinar-ondemand {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 5px;
  position: relative;
  bottom: 25px;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.articles article.item a:hover .webinar-ondemand {
  color: #000;
  /* don't change color of "Available on demand" text on hover */
}
.articles article.isotope-item > div > a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.articles article.sml_article {
  width: 300px;
}
.articles article.sml_article.facebook-module {
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  height: 260px;
}
.articles article .border-box {
  border-width: 1px;
  border-top-width: 10px;
  border-style: solid;
  padding: 1em 1em 2em;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.articles article .border-box h3 {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.articles article .border-box h3.contributors {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif !important;
  font-weight: bold !important;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.articles article .border-box a {
  text-decoration: underline;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: inline-block;
  width: auto;
}
.articles article .border-box .split .column {
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif !important;
}
.articles article .border-box .split .column strong {
  font-weight: 400 !important;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Bold", sans-serif !important;
  font-size: 14px;
}
.articles article .isotope-icon {
  margin-right: 10px;
}
.articles article h3.isotope-title {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.articles article.item strong {
  font-weight: normal;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.articles article.item #tag-filter {
  position: static;
}
.isotope-item {
  z-index: 2;
}
.isotope-hidden.isotope-item {
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}
.corner-stamp-half {
  height: 627px;
  margin: 0 20px 0 0;
  width: 300px;
  float: right;
}
/* Tagged Modules Styles */
.isotope-item,
.item {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.isotope-item .blur,
.item .blur {
  background: white;
  opacity: .65;
  display: none;
  /* set to none initially to prevent screen from showing while page is loading but set to display:block in JS before isotope layout starts */
  height: 90%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 2;
}
.isotope-item a,
.item a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 100%;
}
.isotope-item a h3,
.item a h3,
.isotope-item a h2,
.item a h2 {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  padding: 0 0 6px;
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 24px;
}
.isotope-item a h5,
.item a h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.isotope-item a h6,
.item a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 24px;
  margin: 14px 0 8px;
}
.isotope-item a time,
.item a time {
  color: #919191;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.isotope-item a em,
.item a em {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
  font-style: normal;
}
.isotope-item a figure,
.item a figure {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 225px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  /* ----- A <div.shade> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be Hover Gradient */
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
}
.isotope-item a figure img,
.item a figure img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
.isotope-item a figure div.shade,
.item a figure div.shade {
  display: none;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  border-top: 0 !important;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.isotope-item a figure span,
.item a figure span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.isotope-item a figure span:hover,
.item a figure span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
.isotope-item a figure em,
.item a figure em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.isotope-item a figure em:hover,
.item a figure em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.isotope-item a figure mark,
.item a figure mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.isotope-item a figure mark:hover,
.item a figure mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
.isotope-item a figure .preview-frame,
.item a figure .preview-frame {
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.isotope-item a figure .media,
.item a figure .media {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.isotope-item a figure .media span,
.item a figure .media span {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  right: 4px;
}
.isotope-item a figure figcaption,
.item a figure figcaption {
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  position: absolute;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px;
}
.isotope-item a figure.tag-no-image,
.item a figure.tag-no-image {
  float: none;
  display: inline-block;
  height: 24px !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
}
.isotope-item a figure.tag-no-image figcaption,
.item a figure.tag-no-image figcaption {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
}
.isotope-item a p,
.item a p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.isotope-item a p span.pubDate,
.item a p span.pubDate,
.isotope-item a p time,
.item a p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.isotope-item p,
.item p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.isotope-item p span.pubDate,
.item p span.pubDate,
.isotope-item p time,
.item p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.isotope-item p a,
.item p a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  display: inline;
}
.isotope-item span.pubDate,
.item span.pubDate,
.isotope-item time,
.item time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  display: block;
  color: #919191;
}
.isotope-item a:hover figure div.shade,
.item a:hover figure div.shade {
  display: block;
}
.isotope-item a:hover h3,
.item a:hover h3,
.isotope-item a:hover h2,
.item a:hover h2,
.isotope-item a:hover h3,
.item a:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.articles article.item {
  margin: 0 20px 20px 0;
}
.two_sml_right_article,
.two_sml_left_article,
.lg_article {
  width: 620px;
}
.lg_article figure,
.lg_article a figure {
  height: 348px;
}
.two_sml_right_article div {
  float: left;
}
.two_sml_right_article .article1 {
  width: 150px;
  padding: 0 20px 0 0;
}
.two_sml_right_article .article1 figure {
  height: 140px;
}
.two_sml_right_article .article1 h3 {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 20px;
}
.two_sml_right_article .article1 a:first-child {
  padding: 0 0 28px;
}
.two_sml_right_article .article2 {
  width: 450px;
}
.two_sml_right_article .article2 figure {
  height: 310px;
}
.two_sml_left_article div {
  float: left;
}
.two_sml_left_article .article2 {
  width: 150px;
}
.two_sml_left_article .article2 h3 {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 20px;
}
.two_sml_left_article .article2 a:first-child {
  padding: 0 0 28px;
}
.two_sml_left_article .article2 figure {
  height: 140px;
}
.two_sml_left_article .article1 {
  width: 450px;
  padding: 0 20px 0 0;
}
.two_sml_left_article .article1 figure {
  height: 310px;
}
.twins_article {
  width: 300px;
}
.twins_article div {
  float: left;
  width: 140px;
}
.twins_article .article1 {
  padding: 0 20px 0 0;
}
.twins_article .article1 figure img {
  display: none;
}
/* -------------- Isotope css anims ---------- */
.isotope,
.isotope .isotope-item {
  /* change duration value to whatever you like */
  -webkit-transition-duration: 0.8s;
  -moz-transition-duration: 0.8s;
  -ms-transition-duration: 0.8s;
  -o-transition-duration: 0.8s;
  transition-duration: 0.8s;
}
.isotope {
  -webkit-transition-property: height, width;
  -moz-transition-property: height, width;
  -ms-transition-property: height, width;
  -o-transition-property: height, width;
  transition-property: height, width;
}
.isotope .isotope-item {
  -webkit-transition-property: -webkit-transform, opacity;
  -moz-transition-property: -moz-transform, opacity;
  -ms-transition-property: -ms-transform, opacity;
  -o-transition-property: top, left, opacity;
  transition-property: transform, opacity;
}
/**** disabling Isotope CSS3 transitions ****/
.isotope.no-transition,
.isotope.no-transition .isotope-item,
.isotope .isotope-item.no-transition {
  -webkit-transition-duration: 0s;
  -moz-transition-duration: 0s;
  -ms-transition-duration: 0s;
  -o-transition-duration: 0s;
  transition-duration: 0s;
}
/* -------------- Comments ------------ */
#comments-section {
  margin-bottom: 50px;
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
}
#comments-section .policy {
  position: absolute;
  top: 24px;
  right: 0;
}
#comments-section .split .column {
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
/* -------------------- High level structure --------- */
.wrap,
#menuCentered,
.commonwrap {
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 15px;
}
#menuContainer {
  position: relative;
}
.fixed-wrap {
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
  width: 1260px;
}
#main {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 300px;
  position: relative;
}
#header {
  width: 100%;
}
body.pinned #header {
  position: fixed;
  display: block;
  z-index: 5000;
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}
body.pinned #main {
  padding-top: 400px !important;
}
body.pinned.ticker_off #main {
  padding-top: 350px !important;
}
#wide-content {
  width: 940px;
  float: left;
}
#medium-content {
  width: 620px;
  float: left;
}
#iso-content {
  width: 640px;
  float: right;
}
#iso-content .articles {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
#narrow-right-pane {
  width: 300px;
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
}
/* IE 7 styles */
.lt-ie8 header nav div.slider ul.cols > li h4 {
  margin-top: 0 !important;
}
.lt-ie8 header nav ul.primary li a {
  font-size: 15px !important;
}
.lt-ie8 .arrow-icon {
  margin-top: -12px !important;
}
.lt-ie8 #news-signup .field {
  padding-top: 30px !important;
  padding-bottom: 30px !important;
}
.lt-ie8 .sb-dropdown {
  top: 32px !important;
}
.lt-ie9 #home-load-more,
.lt-ie9 #blog-load-more {
  display: none;
}
/****************** Page / Template level styles ***********
************************************************************
/


/* ----------- General Content Page styles --------- */
/* ----------- Home Page --------- */
.homepage#main {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
/* ----------- Search Results Page --------- */
.search-results#main {
  margin-top: 10px;
  min-height: 1000px;
}
/* ----------- Mag Archive --------- */
.mag-archive section.mag-archive-header {
  z-index: 999;
  position: relative;
  display: block;
}
.mag-archive section h1 {
  float: left;
}
.mag-archive section form {
  float: right;
  padding: 12px 0 0;
}
.mag-archive section form div {
  display: inline;
}
.mag-archive section strong {
  font-weight: normal !important;
}
.mag-archive div {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}
.mag-archive div article,
.mag-archive div > span {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  width: 300px;
}
.mag-archive div article .blur,
.mag-archive div > span .blur {
  background: white;
  opacity: .65;
  display: none;
  /* set to none initially to prevent screen from showing while page is loading but set to display:block in JS before isotope layout starts */
  height: 90%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 2;
}
.mag-archive div article a,
.mag-archive div > span a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 300px;
}
.mag-archive div article a h3,
.mag-archive div > span a h3,
.mag-archive div article a h2,
.mag-archive div > span a h2 {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  padding: 0 0 6px;
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 24px;
}
.mag-archive div article a h5,
.mag-archive div > span a h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.mag-archive div article a h6,
.mag-archive div > span a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 24px;
  margin: 14px 0 8px;
}
.mag-archive div article a time,
.mag-archive div > span a time {
  color: #919191;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.mag-archive div article a em,
.mag-archive div > span a em {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
  font-style: normal;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure,
.mag-archive div > span a figure {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 300px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  /* ----- A <div.shade> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be Hover Gradient */
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
}
.mag-archive div article a figure img,
.mag-archive div > span a figure img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure div.shade,
.mag-archive div > span a figure div.shade {
  display: none;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  border-top: 0 !important;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure span,
.mag-archive div > span a figure span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure span:hover,
.mag-archive div > span a figure span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure em,
.mag-archive div > span a figure em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure em:hover,
.mag-archive div > span a figure em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure mark,
.mag-archive div > span a figure mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure mark:hover,
.mag-archive div > span a figure mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure .preview-frame,
.mag-archive div > span a figure .preview-frame {
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure .media,
.mag-archive div > span a figure .media {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure .media span,
.mag-archive div > span a figure .media span {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  right: 4px;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure figcaption,
.mag-archive div > span a figure figcaption {
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  position: absolute;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure.tag-no-image,
.mag-archive div > span a figure.tag-no-image {
  float: none;
  display: inline-block;
  height: 24px !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
}
.mag-archive div article a figure.tag-no-image figcaption,
.mag-archive div > span a figure.tag-no-image figcaption {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
}
.mag-archive div article a p,
.mag-archive div > span a p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.mag-archive div article a p span.pubDate,
.mag-archive div > span a p span.pubDate,
.mag-archive div article a p time,
.mag-archive div > span a p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.mag-archive div article p,
.mag-archive div > span p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.mag-archive div article p span.pubDate,
.mag-archive div > span p span.pubDate,
.mag-archive div article p time,
.mag-archive div > span p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.mag-archive div article p a,
.mag-archive div > span p a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  display: inline;
}
.mag-archive div article span.pubDate,
.mag-archive div > span span.pubDate,
.mag-archive div article time,
.mag-archive div > span time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  display: block;
  color: #919191;
}
.mag-archive div article a:hover figure div.shade,
.mag-archive div > span a:hover figure div.shade {
  display: block;
}
.mag-archive div article a:hover h3,
.mag-archive div > span a:hover h3,
.mag-archive div article a:hover h2,
.mag-archive div > span a:hover h2,
.mag-archive div article a:hover h3,
.mag-archive div > span a:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.mag-archive div article:first-child,
.mag-archive div > span:first-child,
.mag-archive div article.first,
.mag-archive div > span.first {
  padding: 0;
}
.mag-archive div > span {
  display: block;
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
}
.mag-archive div > span:first-child {
  padding: 0;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield {
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 300px;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield > span {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') no-repeat -1px -23px;
  display: none;
  height: 58px;
  left: 145px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 40%;
  width: 21px;
  z-index: 6;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul {
  color: #000;
  background: #e6e6e6;
  display: none;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 10px 27px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 8%;
  left: 165px;
  width: 340px;
  z-index: 5;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  -moz-box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  -webkit-border-radius: 3px;
  -moz-border-radius: 3px;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li {
  border-top: 1px solid #c8c8c8;
  padding: 12px 0;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li strong {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: normal;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li em {
  color: #606060;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: normal;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li h5 {
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li p {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 12px 0 0;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li time {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
  padding: 8px 0 0;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li span {
  color: #03a6e3;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li span:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.mag-archive div > span h3 {
  color: #000;
}
.mag-archive div > span:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.mag-archive div > span.last .shield ul {
  left: -247px;
}
.mag-archive div > span.last .shield > span {
  background-position: -25px -23px;
  left: 145px;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield a img {
  width: 300px;
  height: 400px;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul {
  padding: 6px 27px !important;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li time {
  padding-top: 3px !important;
}
.mag-archive div > span .shield ul li h5 {
  line-height: 22px !important;
}
.mag-archive .no-cover-img {
  display: table-cell;
  vertical-align: middle;
  text-align: center;
  width: 300px;
  height: 400px;
  border: 1px solid lightgray;
  font-size: 2em;
  color: gray;
}
/* ----------- Newsletter Page --------- */
.newsletter h1 {
  margin-bottom: 20px !important;
}
.newsletter #news-signup {
  margin: 40px 0 0 0;
  padding-bottom: 100px;
}
.newsletter #news-signup h4 {
  margin-top: 20px !important;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .light-anchor {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: visible;
}
.newsletter #news-signup label {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .preview {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .graybox {
  margin-top: 30px;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .graybox .split-fields input {
  display: inline-block;
  overflow: hidden;
  clear: none;
  width: 282px;
  outline: none;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .graybox .border-wrapper {
  margin-left: 6px !important;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .field {
  position: relative;
  width: 260px;
  float: left;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  padding-left: 40px;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .field input {
  float: left;
  position: relative;
  margin-top: 25px;
  margin-right: 25px;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .field a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .field a.check-select {
  display: block;
  outline: 0;
  border: 0;
  line-height: 18px;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .field a.check-select h4 {
  line-height: 1.5em;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .field a.preview {
  color: #03a6e3;
  margin: 6px 0 0 0;
  display: block;
  font-weight: 100;
  font-style: normal;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .field a.preview:hover {
  color: #03a6e3;
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .field a:hover {
  color: #000;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .checkbox {
  position: absolute;
  top: 28px;
  left: 0;
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 21px;
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') -16px -112px no-repeat;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .checkbox.on {
  background-position: -16px -133px;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .refine-form {
  margin-top: 50px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
  padding-bottom: 30px;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .radio-label {
  width: 200px;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .details-entry {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  z-index: 100;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .radio-section {
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
  padding: 20px 0;
  z-index: 99;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .agreement-box {
  padding: 70px 0 20px;
  clear: both;
  position: relative;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .agreement-box label {
  margin-left: 32px;
}
.newsletter #news-signup .agreement-box .checkbox {
  top: 70px;
}
/* ----------- Author Page --------- */
.author-block article {
  float: left;
  width: 450px;
}
.author-block article h1 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}
.author-block article h3.location {
  margin: 0;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 24px;
  color: #5a5a5a;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.author-block article h4 {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.author-block article h4.title {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.author-block article h4.twitter {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.author-block article h4.twitter a {
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
}
.author-block article h4.url {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.author-block article p {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.author-block article div {
  float: right;
  width: 300px;
}
.author-block article div ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.author-block article div ul li {
  list-style: none;
  display: inline-table;
  width: 25px;
}
.author-block article div ul a:link,
.author-block article div ul :visited {
  width: 50px;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.author-block figure {
  margin: 0;
}
.author-block figure .author-image-small {
  margin: 0;
  width: 140px;
  height: 140px;
  float: left;
}
.author-block .list-results li.item h3 {
  font-size: 30px !important;
  line-height: 34px !important;
}
/* ------ Series Lists ---------- */
.series-list {
  border-top: 6px solid #03a6e3;
  margin-top: 40px;
  clear: both;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.series-list h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}
.series-list article {
  border: solid #d6d6d6;
  border-width: 0 0 1px;
  padding: 0 0 18px;
  margin: 26px 0 0;
}
.series-list article .blur {
  background: white;
  opacity: .65;
  display: none;
  /* set to none initially to prevent screen from showing while page is loading but set to display:block in JS before isotope layout starts */
  height: 90%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 2;
}
.series-list article a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 100%;
}
.series-list article a h3,
.series-list article a h2 {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  padding: 0 0 6px;
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 24px;
}
.series-list article a h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.series-list article a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 24px;
  margin: 14px 0 8px;
}
.series-list article a time {
  color: #919191;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.series-list article a em {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
  font-style: normal;
}
.series-list article a figure {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 348px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  /* ----- A <div.shade> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be Hover Gradient */
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
}
.series-list article a figure img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
.series-list article a figure div.shade {
  display: none;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  border-top: 0 !important;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.series-list article a figure span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.series-list article a figure span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
.series-list article a figure em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.series-list article a figure em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.series-list article a figure mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.series-list article a figure mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
.series-list article a figure .preview-frame {
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.series-list article a figure .media {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.series-list article a figure .media span {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  right: 4px;
}
.series-list article a figure figcaption {
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  position: absolute;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px;
}
.series-list article a figure.tag-no-image {
  float: none;
  display: inline-block;
  height: 24px !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
}
.series-list article a figure.tag-no-image figcaption {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
}
.series-list article a p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.series-list article a p span.pubDate,
.series-list article a p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.series-list article p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.series-list article p span.pubDate,
.series-list article p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.series-list article p a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  display: inline;
}
.series-list article span.pubDate,
.series-list article time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  display: block;
  color: #919191;
}
.series-list article a:hover figure div.shade {
  display: block;
}
.series-list article a:hover h3,
.series-list article a:hover h2,
.series-list article a:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.series-list article.first {
  border-top: none;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.series-list .skip-to {
  padding: 14px 0;
}
.series-list time,
.series-list .date,
.series-list a.inline {
  display: inline-block !important;
}
.series-list a.inline {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.series-page h2 {
  color: #5a5a5a;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}
/*
 Search List Styles (list pages)
 - touches search-results, search-tag-results, special-reports-list, webinar-list, whitepaper-list
*/
#search-list {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
#search-list li {
  display: inline-block;
  border-top: 1px solid #d6d6d6;
  padding: 20px 0;
  width: 100%;
}
#search-list li:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
}
#search-list li em {
  color: #5a5a5a;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: normal;
}
#search-list li .ieee-btn {
  display: inline;
  margin-top: 16px;
}
#search-list li a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
#search-list li a:hover em,
#search-list li a:hover p {
  color: #000;
}
#search-list li a h3 {
  font-size: 20px;
}
#search-list li h3 {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0;
}
#search-list li h4 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 0;
}
#search-list li p {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 4px 0 8px;
}
#search-list li .search-meta,
#search-list li time,
#search-list li .search-meta a {
  color: #919191 !important;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
}
#search-list li .readmore {
  margin: 0 !important;
}
#search-list li .readmore:hover {
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}
#search-list li time {
  padding: 0 0 12px;
}
#search-list li .tags {
  display: block;
  padding: 12px 0 0;
}
#search-list li .tags a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  display: inline;
  font-size: 14px;
  padding: 0 14px 0 0;
  text-decoration: underline;
}
#search-list li img {
  float: left;
  margin: 0 14px 0 0;
}
#search-list li div {
  float: left;
  width: 465px;
}
#search-list li table {
  margin: 24px 0 20px;
}
#search-list li table td {
  font-size: 11px;
  padding-right: 14px;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
#search-list li time,
#search-list li .date,
#search-list li a.inline {
  display: inline-block !important;
}
.list-results {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.list-results li.item {
  display: inline-block;
  color: #919191 !important;
  border-top: 1px solid #d6d6d6;
  padding: 20px 0;
  width: 100%;
}
.list-results li.item:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
}
.list-results li.item div.thumb {
  float: left;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 140px;
  margin-right: 20px;
  position: relative;
}
.list-results li.item div.thumb img {
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.list-results li.item div.thumb .audio_button {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
  top: 50px;
  left: 48px;
}
.list-results li.item div.thumb .audio_button:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.list-results li.item div.content {
  float: left;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 460px;
}
.list-results li.item h3 {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  color: #000;
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 28px;
  margin: 4px 0 6px;
}
.list-results li.item h4 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 0;
}
.list-results li.item p {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  line-height: 20px;
}
.list-results li.item .search-meta {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.list-results li.item .search-meta a {
  color: #919191 !important;
}
.list-results li.item .search-meta a:hover {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
}
.list-results li.item .inline-list {
  line-height: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.list-results li.item time {
  color: #919191 !important;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.list-results li.item .readmore {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  font-size: 16px !important;
}
/* ---------------- Info Page Styles ------------------*/
.info-page {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
}
.info-page strong {
  display: block;
}
.info-page section {
  display: inline-block;
  border-top: 1px solid #d6d6d6;
  padding: 14px 0;
  width: 100%;
}
.info-page section.first {
  border-top: none;
  padding-top: 0;
}
.info-page section div span {
  display: block;
}
.info-page section div span h4 {
  font-weight: normal;
}
.info-page section div span p {
  font-size: 14px;
}
.info-page .callout {
  border-top: 6px solid #03a6e3;
}
.info-page h3,
.info-page h4,
.info-page h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0;
}
.info-page h4 {
  display: inline;
}
.info-page p {
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}
.info-page figure {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}
.info-page figure img {
  float: left;
  margin: 0 14px 0 0;
}
.info-page figure em {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-style: normal;
  display: block;
}
.info-page a:link {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  text-decoration: underline;
  color: #000;
}
.info-page a:visited {
  text-decoration: underline;
  color: #000;
}
.info-page a:hover {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  text-decoration: underline;
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.info-page article {
  clear: both;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.info-page article hr {
  background: #03a6e3;
  height: 3px;
}
.info-page hr {
  background: #ddd;
  height: 1px;
}
/* -------------- Special Report Styles ------------ */
.report-page .summary {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}
.report-page .summary > div {
  float: left;
  width: 620px;
  padding: 0 20px 0 0;
}
.report-page .summary h1 {
  margin: 26px 0;
}
.report-page .summary strong {
  color: #5f5f5f;
  display: block;
  font-size: 26px;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 32px;
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.report-page section {
  padding: 0 0 24px 0;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.report-page section:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
}
.report-page section h2,
.report-page section h3,
.report-page section h4,
.report-page section h5,
.report-page section h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 28px;
  margin-top: 0;
  line-height: 32px;
}
.report-page span.pubDate {
  margin-top: 4px;
}
/* -------------- Table Tops Styles (as found on the multimedia page) ----------- */
.four-top,
.three-top,
.two-two-top div,
.bluetop {
  border-top: 6px solid #03a6e3;
  margin: 0 0 28px;
}
.four-top h3 {
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 30px 0 26px;
}
.four-top div {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}
.four-top div article,
.four-top div > span {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  width: 460px;
}
.four-top div article .blur,
.four-top div > span .blur {
  background: white;
  opacity: .65;
  display: none;
  /* set to none initially to prevent screen from showing while page is loading but set to display:block in JS before isotope layout starts */
  height: 90%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 2;
}
.four-top div article a,
.four-top div > span a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 460px;
}
.four-top div article a h3,
.four-top div > span a h3,
.four-top div article a h2,
.four-top div > span a h2 {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  padding: 0 0 6px;
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 24px;
}
.four-top div article a h5,
.four-top div > span a h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.four-top div article a h6,
.four-top div > span a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 24px;
  margin: 14px 0 8px;
}
.four-top div article a time,
.four-top div > span a time {
  color: #919191;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.four-top div article a em,
.four-top div > span a em {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
  font-style: normal;
}
.four-top div article a figure,
.four-top div > span a figure {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 310px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  /* ----- A <div.shade> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be Hover Gradient */
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
}
.four-top div article a figure img,
.four-top div > span a figure img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
.four-top div article a figure div.shade,
.four-top div > span a figure div.shade {
  display: none;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  border-top: 0 !important;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.four-top div article a figure span,
.four-top div > span a figure span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.four-top div article a figure span:hover,
.four-top div > span a figure span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
.four-top div article a figure em,
.four-top div > span a figure em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.four-top div article a figure em:hover,
.four-top div > span a figure em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.four-top div article a figure mark,
.four-top div > span a figure mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.four-top div article a figure mark:hover,
.four-top div > span a figure mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
.four-top div article a figure .preview-frame,
.four-top div > span a figure .preview-frame {
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.four-top div article a figure .media,
.four-top div > span a figure .media {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.four-top div article a figure .media span,
.four-top div > span a figure .media span {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  right: 4px;
}
.four-top div article a figure figcaption,
.four-top div > span a figure figcaption {
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  position: absolute;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px;
}
.four-top div article a figure.tag-no-image,
.four-top div > span a figure.tag-no-image {
  float: none;
  display: inline-block;
  height: 24px !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
}
.four-top div article a figure.tag-no-image figcaption,
.four-top div > span a figure.tag-no-image figcaption {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
}
.four-top div article a p,
.four-top div > span a p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.four-top div article a p span.pubDate,
.four-top div > span a p span.pubDate,
.four-top div article a p time,
.four-top div > span a p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.four-top div article p,
.four-top div > span p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.four-top div article p span.pubDate,
.four-top div > span p span.pubDate,
.four-top div article p time,
.four-top div > span p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.four-top div article p a,
.four-top div > span p a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  display: inline;
}
.four-top div article span.pubDate,
.four-top div > span span.pubDate,
.four-top div article time,
.four-top div > span time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  display: block;
  color: #919191;
}
.four-top div article a:hover figure div.shade,
.four-top div > span a:hover figure div.shade {
  display: block;
}
.four-top div article a:hover h3,
.four-top div > span a:hover h3,
.four-top div article a:hover h2,
.four-top div > span a:hover h2,
.four-top div article a:hover h3,
.four-top div > span a:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.four-top div article:first-child,
.four-top div > span:first-child,
.four-top div article.first,
.four-top div > span.first {
  padding: 0;
}
.four-top div > span {
  display: block;
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
}
.four-top div > span:first-child {
  padding: 0;
}
.four-top div > span .shield {
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 460px;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
}
.four-top div > span .shield > span {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') no-repeat -1px -23px;
  display: none;
  height: 58px;
  left: 145px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 40%;
  width: 21px;
  z-index: 6;
}
.four-top div > span .shield ul {
  color: #000;
  background: #e6e6e6;
  display: none;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 10px 27px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 8%;
  left: 165px;
  width: 340px;
  z-index: 5;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  -moz-box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  -webkit-border-radius: 3px;
  -moz-border-radius: 3px;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.four-top div > span .shield ul li {
  border-top: 1px solid #c8c8c8;
  padding: 12px 0;
}
.four-top div > span .shield ul li:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
}
.four-top div > span .shield ul li strong {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: normal;
}
.four-top div > span .shield ul li em {
  color: #606060;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: normal;
}
.four-top div > span .shield ul li h5 {
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0;
}
.four-top div > span .shield ul li p {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 12px 0 0;
}
.four-top div > span .shield ul li time {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
  padding: 8px 0 0;
}
.four-top div > span .shield ul li span {
  color: #03a6e3;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.four-top div > span .shield ul li span:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.four-top div > span h3 {
  color: #000;
}
.four-top div > span:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.four-top div > span.last .shield ul {
  left: -247px;
}
.four-top div > span.last .shield > span {
  background-position: -25px -23px;
  left: 145px;
}
.three-top h4 {
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 30px 0 26px;
}
.three-top div {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}
.three-top div article,
.three-top div > span {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  width: 300px;
}
.three-top div article .blur,
.three-top div > span .blur {
  background: white;
  opacity: .65;
  display: none;
  /* set to none initially to prevent screen from showing while page is loading but set to display:block in JS before isotope layout starts */
  height: 90%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 2;
}
.three-top div article a,
.three-top div > span a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 300px;
}
.three-top div article a h3,
.three-top div > span a h3,
.three-top div article a h2,
.three-top div > span a h2 {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  padding: 0 0 6px;
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 24px;
}
.three-top div article a h5,
.three-top div > span a h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.three-top div article a h6,
.three-top div > span a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 24px;
  margin: 14px 0 8px;
}
.three-top div article a time,
.three-top div > span a time {
  color: #919191;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.three-top div article a em,
.three-top div > span a em {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
  font-style: normal;
}
.three-top div article a figure,
.three-top div > span a figure {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 224px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  /* ----- A <div.shade> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be Hover Gradient */
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
}
.three-top div article a figure img,
.three-top div > span a figure img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
.three-top div article a figure div.shade,
.three-top div > span a figure div.shade {
  display: none;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  border-top: 0 !important;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.three-top div article a figure span,
.three-top div > span a figure span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.three-top div article a figure span:hover,
.three-top div > span a figure span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
.three-top div article a figure em,
.three-top div > span a figure em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.three-top div article a figure em:hover,
.three-top div > span a figure em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.three-top div article a figure mark,
.three-top div > span a figure mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.three-top div article a figure mark:hover,
.three-top div > span a figure mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
.three-top div article a figure .preview-frame,
.three-top div > span a figure .preview-frame {
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.three-top div article a figure .media,
.three-top div > span a figure .media {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.three-top div article a figure .media span,
.three-top div > span a figure .media span {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  right: 4px;
}
.three-top div article a figure figcaption,
.three-top div > span a figure figcaption {
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  position: absolute;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px;
}
.three-top div article a figure.tag-no-image,
.three-top div > span a figure.tag-no-image {
  float: none;
  display: inline-block;
  height: 24px !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
}
.three-top div article a figure.tag-no-image figcaption,
.three-top div > span a figure.tag-no-image figcaption {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
}
.three-top div article a p,
.three-top div > span a p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.three-top div article a p span.pubDate,
.three-top div > span a p span.pubDate,
.three-top div article a p time,
.three-top div > span a p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.three-top div article p,
.three-top div > span p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.three-top div article p span.pubDate,
.three-top div > span p span.pubDate,
.three-top div article p time,
.three-top div > span p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.three-top div article p a,
.three-top div > span p a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  display: inline;
}
.three-top div article span.pubDate,
.three-top div > span span.pubDate,
.three-top div article time,
.three-top div > span time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  display: block;
  color: #919191;
}
.three-top div article a:hover figure div.shade,
.three-top div > span a:hover figure div.shade {
  display: block;
}
.three-top div article a:hover h3,
.three-top div > span a:hover h3,
.three-top div article a:hover h2,
.three-top div > span a:hover h2,
.three-top div article a:hover h3,
.three-top div > span a:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.three-top div article:first-child,
.three-top div > span:first-child,
.three-top div article.first,
.three-top div > span.first {
  padding: 0;
}
.three-top div > span {
  display: block;
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
}
.three-top div > span:first-child {
  padding: 0;
}
.three-top div > span .shield {
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 300px;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
}
.three-top div > span .shield > span {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') no-repeat -1px -23px;
  display: none;
  height: 58px;
  left: 145px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 40%;
  width: 21px;
  z-index: 6;
}
.three-top div > span .shield ul {
  color: #000;
  background: #e6e6e6;
  display: none;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 10px 27px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 8%;
  left: 165px;
  width: 340px;
  z-index: 5;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  -moz-box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  -webkit-border-radius: 3px;
  -moz-border-radius: 3px;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.three-top div > span .shield ul li {
  border-top: 1px solid #c8c8c8;
  padding: 12px 0;
}
.three-top div > span .shield ul li:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
}
.three-top div > span .shield ul li strong {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: normal;
}
.three-top div > span .shield ul li em {
  color: #606060;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: normal;
}
.three-top div > span .shield ul li h5 {
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0;
}
.three-top div > span .shield ul li p {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 12px 0 0;
}
.three-top div > span .shield ul li time {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
  padding: 8px 0 0;
}
.three-top div > span .shield ul li span {
  color: #03a6e3;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.three-top div > span .shield ul li span:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.three-top div > span h3 {
  color: #000;
}
.three-top div > span:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.three-top div > span.last .shield ul {
  left: -247px;
}
.three-top div > span.last .shield > span {
  background-position: -25px -23px;
  left: 145px;
}
/* --------- Three Top for Videos... ---------- */
.three-top.multimedia {
  margin-top: 40px;
  clear: both;
  display: block;
}
.three-top.multimedia div {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article,
.three-top.multimedia div > span {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  width: 300px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article .blur,
.three-top.multimedia div > span .blur {
  background: white;
  opacity: .65;
  display: none;
  /* set to none initially to prevent screen from showing while page is loading but set to display:block in JS before isotope layout starts */
  height: 90%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 2;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 300px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a h3,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a h3,
.three-top.multimedia div article a h2,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a h2 {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  padding: 0 0 6px;
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 24px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a h5,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a h6,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 24px;
  margin: 14px 0 8px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a time,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a time {
  color: #919191;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a em,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a em {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
  font-style: normal;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 170px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  /* ----- A <div.shade> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be Hover Gradient */
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure img,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure div.shade,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure div.shade {
  display: none;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  border-top: 0 !important;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure span,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure span:hover,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure em,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure em:hover,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure mark,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure mark:hover,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure .preview-frame,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure .preview-frame {
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure .media,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure .media {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure .media span,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure .media span {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  right: 4px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure figcaption,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure figcaption {
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  position: absolute;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure.tag-no-image,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure.tag-no-image {
  float: none;
  display: inline-block;
  height: 24px !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a figure.tag-no-image figcaption,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a figure.tag-no-image figcaption {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a p,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a p span.pubDate,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a p span.pubDate,
.three-top.multimedia div article a p time,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article p,
.three-top.multimedia div > span p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article p span.pubDate,
.three-top.multimedia div > span p span.pubDate,
.three-top.multimedia div article p time,
.three-top.multimedia div > span p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article p a,
.three-top.multimedia div > span p a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  display: inline;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article span.pubDate,
.three-top.multimedia div > span span.pubDate,
.three-top.multimedia div article time,
.three-top.multimedia div > span time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  display: block;
  color: #919191;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a:hover figure div.shade,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a:hover figure div.shade {
  display: block;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article a:hover h3,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a:hover h3,
.three-top.multimedia div article a:hover h2,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a:hover h2,
.three-top.multimedia div article a:hover h3,
.three-top.multimedia div > span a:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.three-top.multimedia div article:first-child,
.three-top.multimedia div > span:first-child,
.three-top.multimedia div article.first,
.three-top.multimedia div > span.first {
  padding: 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span {
  display: block;
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span:first-child {
  padding: 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield {
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 300px;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield > span {
  background: url('/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png') no-repeat -1px -23px;
  display: none;
  height: 58px;
  left: 145px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 40%;
  width: 21px;
  z-index: 6;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield ul {
  color: #000;
  background: #e6e6e6;
  display: none;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 10px 27px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 8%;
  left: 165px;
  width: 340px;
  z-index: 5;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  -moz-box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  box-shadow: 4px 9px 35px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.7);
  -webkit-border-radius: 3px;
  -moz-border-radius: 3px;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield ul li {
  border-top: 1px solid #c8c8c8;
  padding: 12px 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield ul li:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield ul li strong {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: normal;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield ul li em {
  color: #606060;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: normal;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield ul li h5 {
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield ul li p {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 12px 0 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield ul li time {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
  padding: 8px 0 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield ul li span {
  color: #03a6e3;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span .shield ul li span:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span h3 {
  color: #000;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span.last .shield ul {
  left: -247px;
}
.three-top.multimedia div > span.last .shield > span {
  background-position: -25px -23px;
  left: 145px;
}
.three-top.multimedia .split .column.heading {
  width: 20% !important;
}
.three-top.multimedia .split .column.filter-bar {
  width: 74% !important;
  float: right;
  padding-top: 24px;
  margin: 0 !important;
}
.three-top.multimedia .split .column.filter-bar label {
  margin-left: 60px;
}
.three-top.multimedia .split .column.filter-bar .sb-custom {
  margin-right: 0;
}
.three-top.multimedia form {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
}
.three-top.multimedia form .sb-custom {
  display: inline;
  width: auto;
}
.three-top.multimedia form .sb-custom a {
  display: block;
  float: none;
  position: static;
}
.three-top.multimedia span.pubDate {
  line-height: 2.2em;
}
.three-top.multimedia article h3 {
  font-size: 23px !important;
  line-height: 26px !important;
}
.two-two-top h5 {
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 30px 0 26px;
}
.two-two-top div {
  margin: 0 0 0 20px;
  float: left;
  width: 460px;
}
.two-two-top div article {
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  width: 140px;
}
.two-two-top div article .blur {
  background: white;
  opacity: .65;
  display: none;
  /* set to none initially to prevent screen from showing while page is loading but set to display:block in JS before isotope layout starts */
  height: 90%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 2;
}
.two-two-top div article a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 140px;
}
.two-two-top div article a h3,
.two-two-top div article a h2 {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  padding: 0 0 6px;
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 24px;
}
.two-two-top div article a h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.two-two-top div article a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 24px;
  margin: 14px 0 8px;
}
.two-two-top div article a time {
  color: #919191;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.two-two-top div article a em {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
  font-style: normal;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 140px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  /* ----- A <div.shade> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be Hover Gradient */
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
}
.two-two-top div article a figure img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure div.shade {
  display: none;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  border-top: 0 !important;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure .preview-frame {
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure .media {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure .media span {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  right: 4px;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure figcaption {
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  position: absolute;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure.tag-no-image {
  float: none;
  display: inline-block;
  height: 24px !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
}
.two-two-top div article a figure.tag-no-image figcaption {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
}
.two-two-top div article a p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.two-two-top div article a p span.pubDate,
.two-two-top div article a p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.two-two-top div article p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.two-two-top div article p span.pubDate,
.two-two-top div article p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
.two-two-top div article p a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  display: inline;
}
.two-two-top div article span.pubDate,
.two-two-top div article time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  display: block;
  color: #919191;
}
.two-two-top div article a:hover figure div.shade {
  display: block;
}
.two-two-top div article a:hover h3,
.two-two-top div article a:hover h2,
.two-two-top div article a:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.two-two-top div article:first-child,
.two-two-top div article.first {
  padding: 0;
}
.two-two-top div a {
  display: block;
  float: left;
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 140px;
}
.two-two-top div a:first-child {
  padding: 0;
}
.two-two-top div a .shield {
  display: block;
  height: 400px;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 140px;
  background-image: linear-gradient(bottom, #414141 18%, #5a5a5a 59%);
  background-image: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #414141 18%, #5a5a5a 59%);
  background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #414141 18%, #5a5a5a 59%);
  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #414141 18%, #5a5a5a 59%);
  background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #414141 18%, #5a5a5a 59%);
  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(0.18, #414141), color-stop(0.59, #5a5a5a));
  -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
}
.two-two-top div a .shield img,
.two-two-top div a .shield ul {
  display: none;
}
.two-two-top div a h3 {
  color: #000;
}
.two-two-top div a:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.two-two-top div a:hover img {
  display: block;
}
.two-two-top div:first-child {
  margin: 0;
}
.mag-issue #breadcrumbs {
  margin-bottom: 20px !important;
}
.main-detail {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0 0 34px;
  width: 100%;
}
.main-detail figure,
.main-detail div {
  float: left;
}
.main-detail em {
  font-style: normal;
}
.main-detail h2 {
  color: #000;
  margin: 4px 0;
}
.main-detail h2 a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
.main-detail p {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}
.main-detail figure {
  margin: 0 24px 0 0;
}
.main-detail figure .issue {
  -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 2px 4px 6px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
}
.main-detail div {
  height: 402px;
  position: relative;
  width: 612px;
}
.main-detail div .link-box {
  border-top: 1px solid #d6d6d6;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 10px 60px 0 0;
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
}
.main-detail div .link-box li {
  line-height: 16px;
  padding: 12px 0 0;
}
.main-detail div .link-box a {
  font-size: 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.main-detail div .link-box a.ieee-btn {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
}
.article-detail article,
.article-detail {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  padding: 0;
}
.article-detail article .border-line,
.article-detail .border-line {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.article-detail article h2,
.article-detail h2 {
  color: #575757 !important;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.article-detail article h3,
.article-detail h3 {
  color: #5a5a5a;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
}
.article-detail article p,
.article-detail p {
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 25px;
  margin: 0 0 1em;
}
.article-detail article p .hi-lite,
.article-detail p .hi-lite {
  color: #03a6e3;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.article-detail article p .hi-lite.nobold,
.article-detail p .hi-lite.nobold {
  font-weight: normal !important;
}
.article-detail article p a,
.article-detail p a {
  color: #000;
}
.article-detail article p a:hover,
.article-detail p a:hover {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
.article-detail article p strong,
.article-detail p strong {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif !important;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.article-detail article figure,
.article-detail figure {
  display: inline-block;
  height: auto;
}
.article-detail article figure figcaption,
.article-detail figure figcaption {
  color: #565656;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 22px;
  text-align: left;
  min-height: 18px;
}
.article-detail article figure .hi-cap,
.article-detail figure .hi-cap {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 12px;
  margin: 12px 0;
  text-align: left;
  margin: 12px 0 0;
}
.article-detail article figure.rt,
.article-detail figure.rt {
  margin: 0 0 26px 26px;
}
.article-detail article figure.lt,
.article-detail figure.lt {
  margin: 0 26px 26px 0;
}
.article-detail article .inlay,
.article-detail .inlay {
  border: solid #03a6e3;
  border-width: 6px 0;
  padding: 30px 0;
  width: 50%;
}
.article-detail article .inlay figure.lt,
.article-detail .inlay figure.lt {
  margin: 0 12px 12px 0;
  text-align: center;
}
.article-detail article .inlay h4,
.article-detail .inlay h4 {
  color: #03a6e3;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 26px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 26px;
}
.article-detail article .inlay p,
.article-detail .inlay p {
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 18px;
}
.article-detail article .inlay.lt,
.article-detail .inlay.lt {
  margin: 0 0 26px 26px;
}
.article-detail article .inlay.lt,
.article-detail .inlay.lt {
  margin: 0 26px 26px 0;
}
.article-detail article .shift .article-share-options,
.article-detail .shift .article-share-options {
  padding: 8px 0 0;
}
/* ------ Multimedia page ------ */
.multimedia article p {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
}
/* ------ Podcast page ------ */
.transcript h6 {
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 18px 0;
  padding: 0 !important;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
}
.transcript strong {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-weight: bold;
}
/* --------- Webinar detail page ------ */
.webinar h3 {
  line-height: 38px;
}
.webinar .border-line {
  padding: 14px 0 20px;
}
.webinar .border-line .sponsored-by {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  margin-right: 14px;
}
.webinar .metadata {
  margin-top: 25px;
}
.webinar .webinar-details > div {
  float: left;
  margin: 0 14px 24px 0;
  width: 23%;
}
.webinar .webinar-details > div figure {
  padding: 10px 0 20px;
  width: 100% !important;
  text-align: left;
}
.webinar .webinar-details > div figure .hi-cap {
  color: #000;
  margin: 12px 0;
  text-align: left;
  margin: 8px 0;
  font-size: 12px;
}
.webinar .webinar-details > div figure figcaption {
  color: #565656;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 22px;
  min-height: 18px;
  font-size: 14px !important;
  line-height: 18px;
}
.webinar .webinar-details > div figure figcaption strong {
  display: block;
}
.webinar .webinar-details span {
  display: block;
  float: left;
  width: 72%;
}
.webinar .webinar-details span h4 {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0;
}
.webinar .webinar-details span strong {
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-weight: bold;
}
/* -------- Blog-list Page ------ */
.blog-post-list {
  margin-bottom: 2em;
}
.blog-post-list figure {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.blog-post-list .clear {
  clear: both;
}
#article-list h1 {
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 48px;
  margin: 0 0 30px;
  clear: both;
  overflow: hidden;
}
#article-list h1 .icon {
  margin-right: 14px;
  margin-top: 5px;
  float: left;
  display: inline-block;
}
#article-list h1 span {
  margin-top: 4px;
  float: left;
  display: inline-block;
}
#article-list article {
  border-top: 1px solid #d6d6d6;
  padding: 34px 0 10px;
}
#article-list article p a {
  /* for some reason LESS generates a duplicate, conflicting selector, so we use !important here to override */
  color: black !important;
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}
#article-list article .blur {
  background: white;
  opacity: .65;
  display: none;
  /* set to none initially to prevent screen from showing while page is loading but set to display:block in JS before isotope layout starts */
  height: 90%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 2;
}
#article-list article a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 100%;
}
#article-list article a h3,
#article-list article a h2 {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  padding: 0 0 6px;
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 24px;
}
#article-list article a h5 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
#article-list article a h6 {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Medium", sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 24px;
  margin: 14px 0 8px;
}
#article-list article a time {
  color: #919191;
  font-size: 13px;
}
#article-list article a em {
  color: #03a6e3 !important;
  font-style: normal;
}
#article-list article a figure {
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 348px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  /* ----- A <div.shade> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be Hover Gradient */
  /* ----- A <span> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Play Button */
  /* ----- An <em> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Listen Button */
  /* ----- An <mark> inside this <figure> will ALWAYS be a Slideshow Button */
}
#article-list article a figure img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
#article-list article a figure div.shade {
  display: none;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 120px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.5);
  border-top: 0 !important;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
#article-list article a figure span {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px 0 no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 44px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
#article-list article a figure span:hover {
  background-position: -248px -44px;
}
#article-list article a figure em {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -59px -44px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 46px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
#article-list article a figure em:hover {
  background-position: -201px -44px;
}
#article-list article a figure mark {
  background: url("/web/20140806192212im_/http://spectrum.ieee.org/assets/img/spriteSheet.png") -105px -43px no-repeat;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: block;
  height: 45px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 43%;
  left: 47%;
  width: 46px;
}
#article-list article a figure mark:hover {
  background-position: -153px -44px;
}
#article-list article a figure .preview-frame {
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
#article-list article a figure .media {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
}
#article-list article a figure .media span {
  position: absolute;
  top: 4px;
  right: 4px;
}
#article-list article a figure figcaption {
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  position: absolute;
  font-family: "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 9px;
}
#article-list article a figure.tag-no-image {
  float: none;
  display: inline-block;
  height: 24px !important;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
}
#article-list article a figure.tag-no-image figcaption {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
}
#article-list article a p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 14px;
}
#article-list article a p span.pubDate,
#article-list article a p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
#article-list article p {
  color: #000;
  font-family: "Georgia", serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 14px;
}
#article-list article p span.pubDate,
#article-list article p time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  color: #919191;
}
#article-list article p a {
  color: #03a6e3;
  display: inline;
}
#article-list article span.pubDate,
#article-list article time {
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  display: block;
  color: #919191;
}
#article-list article a:hover figure div.shade {
  display: block;
}
#article-list article a:hover h3,
#article-list article a:hover h2,
#article-list article a:hover h3 {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
#article-list article.first {
  border: none;
  padding-top: 0;
}
#article-list article a h3 {
  font-size: 30px !important;
  line-height: 34px;
}
#article-list article .readmore {
  float: left;
}
#article-list article .readmore a {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
#article-list article .readmore a:hover {
  color: #03a6e3;
}
#article-list article .byline-dateline {
  float: right;
  font-family: "Theinhardt-Regular", sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  margin: 10px 0 0 0;
}
#article-list article .byline-dateline:hover {
  color: black;
}
#article-list article time {
  color: black;
  display: inline;
  font-size: 14px;
}
#article-list article a:hover {
  color: black;
}
/* -------- Webinar-list Page ------ */
.webinar-list#main {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.webinar-list h1 {
  margin-bottom: 20px !important;
}
.webinar-list h3 {
  font-size: 30px !important;
  line-height: 32px;
}
.webinar-list li a.button {
  margin: 10px 0;
}
/* -------- Interstitial ad ------ */
#slashpage {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 6000000;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: white;
  padding-bottom: 50px;
}
#slashpage #header {
  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
#slashpage a:hover,
#slashpage a:focus {
  color: #03a6e3;
  border-bottom: #03a6e3 1px solid;
}
#slashpage a,
#slashpage a:visited {
  color: white;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 40px;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: white 1px solid;
}

/*
     FILE ARCHIVED ON 19:22:12 Aug 06, 2014 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE
     INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 22:14:14 Nov 05, 2022.
     JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE.

     ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C.
     SECTION 108(a)(3)).
*/
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