blacklist
black·list
n.
A list of persons or organizations that have incurred disapproval or suspicion or are to be boycotted or otherwise penalized.
tr.v., -list·ed, -list·ing, -lists.
To place on or as if on a blacklist. See synonyms at blackball.
blacklister black'list'er n.
blacklist
(1) A list of e-mail addresses or domains of known spammers. See spam, spam filter, Blacklist of Internet Advertisers, greylisting and blackholing. Contrast with whitelist.
(2) A list of Web sites that are considered off limits or dangerous. A Web site can be placed on a blacklist because it is a fraudulent operation or because it exploits browser vulnerabilities to send spyware and other unwanted software to the user. Contrast with whitelist.
(3) A list of applications that a user is forbidden to run in an organization. Maintained by the system or network administrator, software in the user's computer prevents them from installing or running any program in the blacklist. Contrast with whitelist.
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blacklist
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blacklist
verb
- To exclude from normal social or professional activities: blackball, boycott, ostracize, shut out. See accept/reject.
black list
A list of persons or things considered undesirable or deserving punishment, as in Japanese beetles are on my black list of garden pests. The practice of making such lists is quite old. Notorious examples include the late 19th-century black lists of union members whom employers would not hire and the black lists of persons suspected of being Communists as a result of the hearings held by Senator Joseph R. McCarthy in the
early 1950s. Today the term is also used more loosely, as in the example.
[Early 1600s] Also see
black book, def. 1.
blacklist
v
Definition: ban
Antonyms: accept, allow, ask in, permit, welcome
black list
In intelligence, a list of persons suspected or confirmed as security risks. A black list is an official counterintelligence listing of actual or potential enemy collaborators, sympathizers, intelligence suspects, and other persons whose presence menaces the security of friendly forces.
See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.
Blacklisting
Blacklisting, an employer practice of excluding politically "undesirable" individuals from the job market. Originating in the 1830s, blacklisting, along with use of agents provocateurs and injunctions, was a widely popular anti-union weapon. Employers usually provided blacklists upon request and sometimes circulated lists through employers associations. Blacklists continued to be used following the Civil War, especially as violence between labor and business escalated in the late nineteenth century. Despite attempts to curb blacklisting, employers could easily communicate with one another in secret, making black-lists a fact of life before the 1930s. In 1935 the National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, brought a measure of effective control by establishing the right to collective bargaining.
The Cold War added a new dimension to blacklists. Investigations into Communist activities in America resulted in the expulsion of Communists from trade unions and of Communist-dominated unions from national labor organizations. The most glaring example of blacklisting resulted from congressional investigations, the most celebrated of which was that of the so-called Hollywood Ten, who went to jail rather than answer questions concerning their political affiliations. In the subsequent exhaustive probe into the entertainment world, uncooperative individuals were placed on a blacklist and barred from employment in motion pictures, television, and radio for the next decade. Although blacklisted writers managed to continue working under assumed names, most blacklisted actors left the country or found other employment. Some found work in the theater because legitimate theater organizations, such as the Actors' Equity Association and the League of New York Theatres, were able to enforce a mutually agreed-upon antiblacklisting resolution.
Bibliography
Ceplair, Larry, and Steven Englund. The Inquisition in Hollywood. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor, 1980.
Meltzer, Milton. Bread—And Roses: The Struggle of American Labor, 1865–1915. New York: Facts on File, 1991.
Vaughn, Robert. Only Victims: A Study of Show Business Blacklisting. New York: Putnam, 1972.
—Joseph A. Dowling/C. W.
black list
(DOD) An official counterintelligence listing of actual or potential enemy collaborators, sympathizers, intelligence suspects, and other persons whose presence menaces the security of friendly forces.
Concerted action by employers to deny employment to someone suspected of unacceptable opinions or behavior. For example, individual workers suspected of favoring labor unions have often been blacklisted by all the employers in a region.
categories related to 'blacklist'
- Revolution and Antigovernment Activity - blacklist: list of people or organizations considered undesirable, used to exclude them from jobs or organizations
- Labor - blacklist: roster of workers excluded or persecuted by management for pro-union views
- Cultural Movements, Events, and Institutions - blacklist: privately circulated list of those to be denied employment because of allegedly subversive views
Blacklisting
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A blacklist (or black list) is a list or register of entities or people who, for one reason or another, are being denied a particular privilege, service, mobility, access or recognition. As a verb, to blacklist can mean to deny someone work in a particular field, or to ostracize a person from a certain social circle.
Conversely, a whitelist is a list or compilation identifying entities that are accepted, recognized, or privileged.
The term blacklisting may be used in a pejorative sense, implying that a person has been prevented from having legitimate access to something due to inappropriate covert actions of those who control access. For example, a person being served with a restraining order for having threatened another person would not be considered a case of blacklisting. However, somebody who is fired for exposing poor working conditions in a particular company, and is subsequently systematically blocked from finding work in that industry, is described as having been inappropriately and often illegally blacklisted. Blacklisting can and has been accomplished informally by consensus of authority figures, and does not necessarily require a physical list or overt written record.
Blacklisting can be formal or informal. In the employment setting, applicants who apply to numerous positions regardless of being qualified or not can soon be ignored during some or all subsequent applicant processes. This can be an informal choice made by one person or a shared formal response taken up by one office, and not an issue that would be described as blacklisting. In the past, blacklists of union members have been shared or circulated between multiple organizations to prevent hiring of employees who, rather than being incompetent, have been critical of management actions. People have been prevented from working for decades due to being on a blacklist; in some cases the information on the blacklist was false.[1]
History[edit]
According to the Henry Holt Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins the word "blacklist" originated with a list England's King Charles II made of fifty-eight judges and court officers who sentenced his father, Charles I, to death in 1649. When Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, thirteen of these regicides were put to death and twenty-five sentenced to life imprisonment, while others escaped.
They also point out that "whitelist" is not the opposite of a blacklist, but rather a list, often kept by unions, of people suitable for employment.
Employment context[edit]
Fraud control[edit]
Credit card merchant accounts[edit]
Companies which have a payment card merchant account terminated, and their directors, are often added to a list referred to when companies apply for an account; they are then unlikely to be granted a new account by any provider. In the US the list is called TMF/MATCH.
Medical context[edit]
Blacklisting by multiple providers is a systematic act by doctors to deny care to a certain patient or patients. It is done in various ways for various reasons; blacklisting is not new. In 1907 the Transvaal Medical Union in South Africa blacklisted patients if they could not pay cash in advance.[2] In this case, there was a physical list kept by the community of physicians. A physical list is not necessary to blacklist patients but the effect is the same.
NHS prescriptions[edit]
In the UK the NHS maintains a list of blacklisted medicines that are not allowed to be prescribed on NHS prescriptions.
Computing[edit]
In computing, a blacklist is an access control system that denies entry to a specific list (or a defined range) of users, programs, or network addresses.
Nazi blacklist[edit]
The Nazi blacklist was the list in The Black Book that was drawn up of 2,820 prominent British citizens such as Winston Churchill and Bertrand Russell who would have been sent to concentration camps if the United Kingdom had not won the Battle of Britain and Nazi Germany's Operation Sea Lion had succeeded in conquering Great Britain.[3]
Hollywood anti-communist blacklist[edit]
An infamous systematic blacklist was the Hollywood blacklist, instituted by the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1947 to block screenwriters and other Hollywood professionals who were purported to have Communist sympathies from obtaining employment. It started by listing 151 entertainment industry professionals and lasted until 1960 when it was effectively broken by the acknowledgement that blacklisted professionals had been working under assumed names for many years.[4][5]
California Proposition 8 supporter blacklist[edit]
Following the passage of California's Proposition 8, Proposition 8 opponents obtained donation lists of those who had supported the ballot measure by contributing to the "Yes on 8" campaign, published the list, organized an activism group, and began calling for boycotts of the places of work of the supporters[6] to force the firing or resignation of employees. Chad Griffin, a political adviser to Hollywood executives and same-sex marriage supporter explained the intent of the campaign by saying, "Any individual who has held homophobic views and who has gone public by writing a check, you can expect to be publicly judged. Many can expect to pay a price for a long time to come."[7] There has been controversy as to whether this is appropriate response to the passage of Proposition 8 on the part of those opposed to it.[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Construction industry workers blacklisted for 20 years
- ^ Deacon, Harriet; Phillips, Howard; van Heyningen, Elizabeth, eds. (2004). The Cape Doctor in the Nineteenth Century: A Social History (Clio Medica, 74). Editions Rodipi B.V.
- ^ Clarke, Comer (1961). England Under Hitler: Revealed at Last—The Secret Nazi Plans for the Rape of England (paperback ed.). New York: Ballantine Books.
- ^ Wilkerson, William (1946-07-29). "A Vote For Joe Stalin". The Hollywood Reporter. p. 1.
- ^ Baum, Gary; Daniel Miller (Nov. 30, 2012 (Online Nov. 19, 2012)). "Blacklist: THR Addresses Role After 65 Years". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 20 November 2012. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ^ "Resist the Blacklist". The Ledger. 2008-11-22. Retrieved 2009-12-11.
- ^ Rachel Abramowitz and Tina Daunt (November 23, 2008). "Prop. 8 rifts put industry on edge. Hollywood is at odds over whether to shun supporters of the ban". LA Times. Retrieved 2009-12-11.
- ^ Weinstein, Steve (2008-11-25). "Are We Being Bullies? Debate Rages Over Boycotts". Edge. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
Further reading[edit]
- Lorence, James J. (1999). The Suppression of Salt of the Earth: How Hollywood, Big Labor, and Politicians Blacklisted a Movie in Cold War America. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-2027-9.
External links[edit]
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Look up blacklist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
 |
Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Blacklisting. |
- http://www.rblcheck.at
- http://www.squidblacklist.org
- GSW Spotlight PEP & Blacklisting Screening Service, provided by GoldSchaff & Wolfson.
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Blacklist
Dansk (Danish)
n. - sort liste
v. tr. - blackliste, sortliste, sætte på den sorte liste
Nederlands (Dutch)
zwarte lijst, op de zwarte lijst zetten
Français (French)
n. - liste noire
v. tr. - mettre sur liste noire, mettre à l'index
Deutsch (German)
n. - schwarze Liste
v. - auf die schwarze Liste setzen
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - μαύρη λίστα, κατάσταση προγραφών
v. - βάζω στο μαύρη λίστα, προγράφω
Italiano (Italian)
mettere all'indice
Português (Portuguese)
n. - lista (f) negra (gír.)
v. - colocar na lista negra
Русский (Russian)
вносить в черный список
Español (Spanish)
n. - lista negra
v. tr. - poner en la lista negra
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - svart lista
v. - svartlista
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
黑名单, 记于黑名单中
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 黑名單
v. tr. - 記於黑名單中
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 요시찰 인물 명부
v. tr. - 블랙리스트에 싣다
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) قائمه سوداء (فعل) أدرج أسمه في قائمه سوداء
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - רשימה שחורה - רשימת חשודים או מופלים לרעה
v. tr. - כלל ברשימה שחורה
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