Alexander Abramsky (1898–1985), composer, most well known work is his piano concerto which premiered in 1941
Joseph Yulyevich Achron (1886–1943), composer of Jewish origin. He later settled in USA. His most famous work is the "Hebrew Melody" for violin and orchestra
Iosif Andriasov (1933–2000), Moscow born, Armenian composer of three symphonies, who rejected the Lenin Prize by stating: "By accepting a reward from criminals, one becomes an accomplice to the criminals." Emigrated to the US in 1979
Lera Auerbach (born 1973) 21st-century composer of opera, ballet, symphonic works and chamber music
Revol Samoilovich Bunin (1924–1976), student of Shostakovich, he went on to compose 9 symphonies and several concertos
Georgy Catoire (1861–1926), Russian composer of French heritage
Yury G. Chernavsky (born 1947), 20th- and 21st-century composer, works in Russia, West Europe and US (Hollywood), writes music mostly in R&B, Pop and Rock music styles
Pavel Chesnokov (1877–1944), choral composer and conductor. He composed over five hundred choral works
Edison Denisov (1929–1996) Russian composer of so-called "Underground" — "Anti-Collectivist", "alternative" or "nonconformist" works in the Soviet music
Leonid Desyatnikov (born 1955), notable composer of opera and film scores
Victor Ewald (1860–1935), composer of four famous brass quintets
Vasiliy Filatov (born 1984) film and interactive media composer, lecturer
Ossip Gabrilowitsch (1878–1936), Russian composer of Jewish background who lived many years in the United States, famous for piano miniatures such as the "Caprice Burlesque"
German Galynin (1922-1966), studied under Dmitri Shostakovich and Nikolai Myaskovsky
Valery Gavrilin (1939–1999) 20th-century composer of chamber, vocal, choral and ballet music
Aleksandr Gedike (1877–1957), composer and pianist, won the Rubinstein Prize for Composition at the young age of 23
Michael L. Geller (1937–2007), 20th- and 21st-century composer and viola player, lived and worked in Russia, The Netherlands and Israel
Yuri Khanon (born 1965), 20th- and 21st-century composer-ideologist of opera, ballet, symphonic works and chamber music, laureate of the European Film Awards (1988)
Andrei Krylov (born 1961), 20th and 21st-century composer, wrote mostly works for classical guitar, flute and keyboards
Boris Ledkovsky (1894—1975), Russian-American composer of Church music
Aleksandr Lokshin (1920 – 1987), 20th-century composer, wrote eleven symphonies and other symphonic works such as "Les Fleurs du Mal" (1939, on Baudelaire's poems)
Nikolai Medtner (1880–1951), 20th-century composer and pianist
Fred Momotenko (born 1970), 20th- and 21st-century composer
Alexander Mosolov (1900–1973), avant-garde composer of the early Soviet era, best known for Iron Foundry from the ballet "Steel"
Nikolai Myaskovsky (1881–1950), 20th-century composer and teacher of Polish birth, composer of 27 symphonies, 13 string quartets and other works
Vyacheslav Nagovitsin (born 1939), 20th-century composer and violinist, works in Russia
Nikolai Obukhov (1892–1954) known for his religious mysticism and electronic instrument, the croix sonore; worked mainly in France
Alla Pavlova (born 1952), 20th- and 21st-century composer. Recognized mostly for her symphonic compositions
Gavriil Popov (1904–1972), Soviet Russian composer of modernist bent who ran afoul of Soviet authorities
Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953), 20th century neoclassical composer, known for his symphonies (particularly #1 "Classical Symphony and #5), ballets, five piano concertos and six operas. Two of his best known pieces are Peter and the Wolf and Romeo and Juliet
Vladimir Rebikov (1866–1920), late Romantic 20th-century composer and pianist
Nikolai Roslavets (1881–1944), convinced modernist and cosmopolitan thinker; his music was officially suppressed from 1930 onwards
Anton Rubinstein (1829–1894), pianist, composer and conductor. As a pianist he was regarded as a rival of Franz Liszt. Particularly known for his piano music
Rodion Shchedrin (born 1932), chairman of the Union of Russian Composers from 1973 until 1990, best known for his Concerto for Orchestra No. 1 "Naughty Limericks"
Sergei Taneyev (1856–1915), Romantic composer, oriented towards classical forms and the central European tradition
Boris Tchaikovsky (1925–1996), part of the second generation of Russian composers, following in the steps of Pyotr Tchaikovsky (to whom he was not related)
Alexander Tcherepnin (1899–1977), composer and pianist, invented his own harmonic languages, including the "Tcherepnin scale"
Nikolai Nikolayevich Tcherepnin (1873–1945), father of Alexander Tcherepnin, he wrote in an exotically spiced late Romantic idiom, most famous for his ballets 'Narcissus and Echo' and 'The Pavilion of Armide'*
