1896
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This article is about the year 1896.
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
---|---|
Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
Decades: | 1860s 1870s 1880s – 1890s – 1900s 1910s 1920s |
Years: | 1893 1894 1895 – 1896 – 1897 1898 1899 |
1896 in topic: |
Humanities |
Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music |
By country |
Australia – Brazil - Canada – France – Germany – Mexico – Philippines – South Africa – United Kingdom – United States |
Other topics |
Rail Transport – Science – Sports |
Lists of leaders |
Colonial Governors – State leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Works category |
Works |
Gregorian calendar | 1896 MDCCCXCVI |
Ab urbe condita | 2649 |
Armenian calendar | 1345 ԹՎ ՌՅԽԵ |
Assyrian calendar | 6646 |
Bahá'í calendar | 52–53 |
Bengali calendar | 1303 |
Berber calendar | 2846 |
British Regnal year | 59 Vict. 1 – 60 Vict. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 2440 |
Burmese calendar | 1258 |
Byzantine calendar | 7404–7405 |
Chinese calendar | 乙未年 (Wood Goat) 4592 or 4532 — to — 丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 4593 or 4533 |
Coptic calendar | 1612–1613 |
Discordian calendar | 3062 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1888–1889 |
Hebrew calendar | 5656–5657 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1952–1953 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1818–1819 |
- Kali Yuga | 4997–4998 |
Holocene calendar | 11896 |
Igbo calendar | 896–897 |
Iranian calendar | 1274–1275 |
Islamic calendar | 1313–1314 |
Japanese calendar | Meiji 29 (明治29年) |
Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
Korean calendar | 4229 |
Minguo calendar | 16 before ROC 民前16年 |
Thai solar calendar | 2438–2439 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1896. |
Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.
Events[edit]
January–March[edit]
- January – Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War: British redcoats enter the Ashanti capital, Kumasi, and Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh I is deposed.[1]
- January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers.[2]
- January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state.
- January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that Wilhelm Röntgen has discovered a type of radiation later known as X-rays.
- January 7 – Fannie Farmer publishes her first cookbook.
- January 12 – H. L. Smith takes the first X-ray photograph.
- January 18 – The X-ray machine is exhibited for the first time.
- January 28 – Walter Arnold, of East Peckham, Kent, England, is fined 1 shilling for speeding at 8 mph (13 km/h) (exceeding the contemporary speed limit of 2 mph (3.2 km/h)), the first speeding fine.
- February 1 – Puccini's opera La bohème premieres in Turin, Italy.
- February 4 – International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers is established in Pittsburgh.
- February 11 – Oscar Wilde's play Salomé premieres in Paris.
- March 1 – Battle of Adwa: Ethiopia defends its independence from Italy, ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War.
- March 3 – Publication begins of the world's first magazine with an orientation to male homosexuality, Der Eigene, by Adolf Brand in Berlin.
- March 9 – Responding to national outrage at the defeat at Adwa, Italian Prime Minister Francesco Crispi resigns.
- March 23 – The New York State Legislature passes the Raines law, restricting Sunday alcoholic beverage sales to hotels.
April–June[edit]
- April 3 – The first edition of the Italian sports newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport is published.
- April 4 – The first known women's basketball game between two colleges is played between Stanford and California.
- April 6 – The opening ceremonies of the 1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern Olympic Games, are held in Athens.
- April 7 – Nansen's Fram expedition to the Arctic reaches 86°13.6'N, almost 3° beyond the previous Farthest North attained.
- April 9
- German-American statesman Gustav Koerner dies in Belleville, Illinois.
- The National Farm School (later Delaware Valley College) is chartered in Doylestown, PA.
- May 8 – Cricket: Against Warwickshire, Yorkshire sets a still-standing County Championship record when they accumulate an innings total of 887.
- May 18 – Plessy v. Ferguson: The U.S. Supreme Court introduces the "separate but equal" doctrine and upholds racial segregation.
- May 26 – Eleven years after its foundation, a group of 12 purely industrial stocks were chosen to form the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The index was composed entirely of industrial shares for the first time.[3]
- May 27 – St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado: The costliest and third deadliest tornado in U.S. history levels a mile wide swath of downtown St. Louis, Missouri, incurring US$2.9 billion (1997 USD) in normalized damages, killing more than 255 and injuring over 1,000 people.
- June 4 – The Ford Quadricycle, the first Ford vehicle ever developed, is completed, eventually leading Henry Ford to build the empire that "put America on wheels".
- June 7 – Mahdist War: British and Egyptian victory at the Battle of Ferkeh.
- June 12 – J. T. Hearne sets a record for the earliest date of taking 100 wickets in cricket (it is equalled by Charlie Parker in 1931).
- June 15 – The 1896 Sanriku earthquake and tsunami in Japan kills 27,000.
- June 23 – Liberal leader Wilfrid Laurier defeats Charles Tupper during Canadian federal elections for the 8th Canadian Parliament to become the first francophone Prime Minister of Canada.
- June 28 – Twin Shaft Disaster: An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 miners.[4][5][6]
July–September[edit]
- July 9 – William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech at the Democratic National Convention, which nominates him for President of the United States.
- July 11 – Wilfrid Laurier becomes Canada's seventh prime minister and the first French-speaker to hold that office.
- July 17 – Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi, the Indian sage, at age 16, spontaneously initiates a process of self-enquiry that culminates within a few minutes in his own permanent awakening.
- July 21 – In Washington, D.C., in response to a "call to confer" issued by Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin to all women of color, the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs is organized.
- July 26 – International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress opens in London.
- July 27 – A causeway is opened between the islands of Saaremaa and Muhu in Estonia.
- July 30 – Atlantic City rail crash: Shortly after 6:30 pm, at a crossing just west of Atlantic City, New Jersey, two trains collide, crushing five loaded passenger coaches, killing fifty and seriously injuring approximately sixty.
- August
- The Philippine Revolution erupts.
- An extraordinary heat wave affects the northeastern United States.
- August 16 – Skookum Jim Mason, George Carmack and Dawson Charlie discover gold in the Klondike, Yukon.
- August 17 – Bridget Driscoll is run over by a Benz car in the grounds of The Crystal Palace, London, the world's first motoring fatality.
- August 27
- The shortest war in recorded history, the Anglo-Zanzibar War, starts at 9 in the morning and lasts for 45 minutes of shelling.
- Britain establishes a Protectorate over the Ashanti concluding the Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War.
- September 15 – The Crash at Crush train wreck stunt is held in Texas.
- September 22 – Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest-reigning monarch in British history.
October–December[edit]
- October 30 – Augusta, Kentucky: The Augusta High School cornerstone is laid, marking the end of the Augusta Methodist College.
- November 3 – U.S. presidential election, 1896: Republican William McKinley defeats William Jennings Bryan.
- November 30
- The Udinese Calcio is founded.
- 'St. Augustine Monster': A large carcass, later postulated to be the remains of a gigantic octopus, is found washed ashore near St. Augustine, Florida.
- December 10 – The premiere of Alfred Jarry's absurdist play Ubu Roi in Paris causes a near-riot.
- December 14 – The Glasgow Subway, the third-oldest underground metro system in the world, opens.
- December 25 – John Philip Sousa composes his magnum opus, The Stars and Stripes Forever.
- December 30 – José Rizal, Filipino scholar and poet, is executed by Spanish authorities in the Philippines.
Date unknown[edit]
- Nepalese archaeologists rediscover the great stone pillar of Ashoka at Lumbini, using Faxian's records.
- The Pontifical University of Maynooth is established by decree of the Vatican.
- France establishes an administrative post in Abengourou, Côte d'Ivoire.
- The New York Telephone Company is formed.
- The United States Republican Party is realigned.
- Construction of the Uganda Railway starts.
- Founding of
- Blackpool Pleasure Beach, a popular English theme park (Britain's Biggest Tourist Attraction), is founded by Alderman William George Bean.
- First estimate of the sensitivity of global climate to atmospheric carbon dioxide, by Svante Arrhenius.
Births[edit]
January–March[edit]
- January 2 – Dziga Vertov, Russian filmmaker (d. 1954)
- January 4
- Everett Dirksen, American politician (d. 1969)
- André Masson, French artist (d. 1987)
- January 8 – Arthur Ford, American psychic spiritual medium, clairaudient (d. 1971)
- January 14 – John Dos Passos, American author (d. 1970)
- January 18 – C. M. Eddy, Jr., American author (d. 1967)
- January 20 – George Burns, American comedian (d. 1996)
- January 23 – Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (d. 1985)
- January 26 – József Kiss, Austro-Hungarian fighter pilot (d. 1918)
- February 16 – Eugénie Blanchard French supercentenarian (d. 2010)
- February 19 – André Breton, French writer (d. 1966)
- February 23 – Herbert Weichmann, German politician and mayor of Hamburg (d. 1983)
- February 25 – Heinrich Gontermann, German World War I fighter ace (d. 1917)
- February 28 – Philip Showalter Hench, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1965)
- February 29 – Morarji Desai, Indian politician (d. 1995)
- March 1
- Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek conductor, pianist and composer (d. 1960)
- Moriz Seeler, German writer, poet, film producer and man of the theatre (d. 1942)
- March 20 – Wilfrid Reid "Wop" May, Canadian World War I pilot (d. 1952)
- March 29 – Wilhelm Ackermann, German mathematician (d. 1962)
- March 31 – Florrie Baldwin, British supercentenarian (d. 2010)
April–June[edit]
- April 13 – Ira C. Eaker, World War II United States Army Air Forces general (d. 1987)
- April 15 – Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov, Russian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- April 21
- Ralph Hungerford, 33rd Governor of American Samoa (d. 1977)
- Geertruida Wijsmuller-Meijer, Dutch war hero, resistance fighter and humanitarian (d. 1978)
- April 26 – Ernst Udet, German World War I fighter ace and Nazi Luftwaffe official (d. 1941)
- April 27 – Rogers Hornsby, American baseball player (d. 1963)
- April 30
- Hans List, Austrian founder of the AVL List (d. 1996)
- Gary Davis, American musician (d. 1972)
- May 1 – Mark W. Clark, American general (d. 1984)
- May 3 – Karl Allmenröder, German World War I fighter pilot (d. 1917)
- May 7 – John Dunville, British Army officer in World War I (d. 1917)
- May 30 – Howard Hawks, American director (d. 1977)
- June 6
- Henry Allingham, British World War I veteran and world's oldest man (d. 2009)
- Italo Balbo, Italian Fascist leader (d. 1940)
- June 7
- Robert S. Mulliken, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- Douglas Campbell, American World War I flying ace (d. 1990)
- Hope Summers, American actress (d. 1979)
- June 19 – Wallis Simpson, American-born Duchess of Windsor (d. 1986)
July–September[edit]
- July 2 – Quirino Cristiani, Argentine animated film director (d. 1984)
- July 9 – Maria Gomes Valentim, Brazilian supercentenarian (d. 2011)
- July 10 – Maurice Zbriger, Canadian violinist, composer and conductor (d. 1981)
- July 13 – Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (d. 1992)
- July 16 – Trygve Lie, Norway-born United Nations Secretary General (d. 1968)
- July 27 – Henri Longchambon, French politician (d. 1969)
- August 9
- Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (d. 1980)
- Léonide Massine, Russian ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1979)
- August 12 – Ejner Federspiel, Danish actor (d. 1981)
- August 14 – Albert Ball, British World War I fighter ace, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1917)
- August 15
- Gerty Cori, Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1957)
- Paul Outerbridge, American photographer (d. 1958)
- August 18 – Jack Pickford, American actor (d. 1933)
- August 22 – W. E. Lawrence, American actor (d. 1947)
- August 26 – Besse Cooper, American supercentenarian; last known surviving person born in 1896 (d. 2012)
- August 27 – Léon Theremin, Russian inventor (d. 1993)
- August 30 – Raymond Massey, Canadian-born American actor (d. 1983)
- September 1 – A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Indian religious leader, founder-acharya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (d. 1977)
- September 4 – Antonin Artaud, French stage actor and director (d. 1948)
- September 10 – Adele Astaire, American dancer (d. 1981)
- September 14 – Fray José de Guadalupe Mojica, Mexican Franciscan friar, tenor and film actor (d. 1974)
- September 21 – Walter Breuning, American supercentenarian; last known surviving male born in 1896 (d. 2011)
- September 22 – Uri Zvi Greenberg, Israeli poet and journalist (d. 1981)
- September 24 – F. Scott Fitzgerald, American writer (d. 1940)
- September 25 – Sandro Pertini, President of Italy (d. 1990)
- September 30 – Jolie Gabor, Hungarian-American entrepreneur, jeweler and memoirist (d. 1997)
October–December[edit]
- October 7 – Paulino Alcántara, Philippine-Spanish soccer player (d. 1964)
- October 12 – Eugenio Montale, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
- October 27 – Edith Brown, R.M.S. Titanic survivor (d. 1997)
- October 28 – Howard Hanson, American composer (d. 1981)
- October 31 – Ethel Waters, American singer and actress (d. 1977)
- November 4 – Carlos P. Garcia, president of the Philippines (d. 1971)
- November 8 – Erika Abels d'Albert, Austrian artist (d. 1975)
- Bucky Harris, American baseball player (d. 1977)
- November 10 – Jimmy Dykes, American baseball player and manager (d. 1976)
- November 13 – Nobusuke Kishi, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1987)
- November 14 – Mamie Eisenhower, First Lady of the United States (d. 1979)
- November 16 – Oswald Mosley, leader of the British Union of Fascists (d. 1980)
- November 17 – Lev Vygotsky, Russian psychologist (d. 1934)
- November 23 – Klement Gottwald, Czechoslovak Communist Politician (d. 1953)
- November 25
- Virgil Thomson, American composer and critic (d. 1989)
- Jessie Royce Landis, American actress (d. 1972)
- December 5 – Carl Ferdinand Cori, Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1984)
- December 6 – Ira Gershwin, American lyricist (d. 1983)
- December 8 – Christl Mardayn, German actress (d. 1976)
- December 14 – Jimmy Doolittle, American aviation pioneer and World War II United States Army Air Forces general (d. 1993)
- December 16 – Anna Anderson, Pretender to the Russian throne (d. 1984)
- December 21 – Leroy Robertson, American composer (d. 1971)
- December 23 – Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Italian writer (d. 1957)
- December 27 –
- Louis Bromfield, American writer (d. 1956)
- Carl Zuckmayer, German writer and playwright (d. 1977)
- December 28 – Roger Sessions, American composer (d. 1985)
Date unknown[edit]
- Lawrence Riley, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 1974)
Deaths[edit]
January–June[edit]
- January 4 – Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German Old Catholic bishop (b. 1821)
- January 6 – Thomas W. Knox, American author and journalist (b. 1835)
- January 8 – Paul Verlaine, French lyric poet (b. 1844)
- January 15 – Mathew Brady, American photographer (b. 1822)
- January 20 – Prince Henry of Battenberg, British royal, married to Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
- February 25 – Joseph P. Fyffe, American admiral (b. 1832)
- May 1 – Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia, King of Herat (b. 1831)
- May 7 – Herman Webster Mudgett, American serial killer (b. 1860)
- May 10 – Antti Ahlström, Finnish industrialist and founder of Ahlstrom (b. 1827)
- May 17 – Muhammad Al-Sabah, emir of Kuwait (b. 1831)
- May 19 – Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria, father of Archduke Ferdinand (b. 1833)
- May 20 – Clara Schumann, German composer (b. 1819)
- May 24 – Luigi Federico, conte Menabrea, Italian soldier and statesman (b. 1809)
- June 12 – Thomas P. Leathers, American steamboat captain (b. 1816)
July–December[edit]
- July 1 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author (b. 1811)
- July 4 – Marcelo H. del Pilar, Filipino writer and journalist (b. 1850)
- July 7 – Charles Thomas Wooldridge, hanged at Reading Gaol and commemorated by Oscar Wilde
- July 13 – August Kekulé, German chemist (b. 1829)
- July 16 – Edmond de Goncourt, French writer and co-founder of the Académie Goncourt (b. 1822)
- July 19 – Abraham H. Cannon, American Mormon apostle (b. 1859)
- August 10 – Otto Lilienthal, German aviation pioneer (b. 1848)
- August 17 – Bridget Driscoll, early British automobile fatality (b. c. 1852)
- August 25 – Sultan Hamad bin Thuwaini of Zanzibar (b. 1857)
- September 18 – Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist (b. 1819)
- September 22 – Pavlos Kalligas, Greek jurist and politician (b. 1814)
- October 8 – George du Maurier, French-born British cartoonist and writer (b. 1834)
- October 11
- Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (b. 1824)
- Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1829)
- October 21 – James Henry Greathead, British engineer and inventor (b. 1844)
- October 23 – Columbus Delano, American statesman (b. 1809)
- October 30 – Carol Benesch, Silesian and Romanian architect (b. 1822)
- November 16 – Josip Šokčević, Croatian viceroy (b. 1811)
- November 22 – George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., inventor of the Ferris wheel (b. 1859)
- December 10 – Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor of dynamite and creator of the Nobel Prize (b. 1833)
- December 29 – Jacob ben Moses Bachrach, noted apologist of Rabbinic Judaism (b. 1824)
- December 30 – José Rizal, national hero of the Philippines (b. 1861)
References[edit]
- ^ Slee, Christopher (1994). The Guinness Book of Lasts. Enfield: Guinness Publishing. ISBN 0-85112-783-5.
- ^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 324–325. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Dow Record Book Adds Another First. Philly.com. Retrieved 2013-07-08.
- ^ HMDB.org
- ^ Query.nytimes.com
- ^ Gendisasters.com