Tin

Tin,  ₅₀Sn

General properties
Name, seembol	tin, Sn
Pronunciation	/ˈtɪn/
Appearance	sillery (left, beta) or gray (richt, alpha)
Tin in the periodic cairt
Ge ↑ Sn ↓ Pb indium ← tin → antimony
Atomic nummer	50
Staundart atomic wicht (Ar)	118.710
Element category	poor metal
Group, block	group 14 (carbon group), p-block
Period	period 5
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Pheesical properties
Phase	solid
Meltin pynt	505.08 K ​(231.93 °C, ​449.47 °F)
Boilin pynt	2875 K ​(2602 °C, ​4716 °F)
Density near r.t.	(white) 7.365 g/cm3 (gray) 5.769 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	6.99 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	(white) 7.03 kJ/mol
Heat o	(white) 296.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	(white) 27.112 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1497 1657 1855 2107 2438 2893
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1, -4 (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.96
Atomic radius	empirical: 140 pm
Covalent radius	139±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	217 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structur	​tetragonal white
Speed o soond thin rod	(rolled) 2730 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	22.0 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	66.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	115 n Ω·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderin	(gray) diamagnetic, (white) paramagnetic
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	18 GPa
Bulk modulus	58 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.36
Mohs haurdness	1.5
Brinell haurdness	~350 MPa
CAS Registry Nummer	7440-31-5
History
Discovery	aroond 3500 BC
Maist stable isotopes
iso NA hauf-life DM DE (MeV) DP 112Sn 0.97% - (β+β+) 1.9222 112Cd 114Sn 0.66% - (SF) <27.965 115Sn 0.34% - (SF) <26.791 116Sn 14.54% - (SF) <25.905 117Sn 7.68% - (SF) <25.334 118Sn 24.22% - (SF) <23.815 119Sn 8.59% - (SF) <23.140 120Sn 32.58% - (SF) <21.824 122Sn 4.63% - (β−β−) 0.3661 122Te 124Sn 5.79% >1×1017 y (β−β−) 2.2870 124Te 126Sn trace 2.3×105 y β− 0.380 + 126Sb
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed

Tin is a chemical element wi seembol Sn (for Laitin: stannum) an atomic nummer 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 o the periodic table. Tin shaws chemical seemilarity tae baith neighborin group-14 elements, germanium an leid, an haes twa possible oxidation states, +2 an the slichtly mair stable +4. Tin is the 49t maist abundant element an haes, wi 10 stable isotopes, the lairgest nummer o stable isotopes in the periodic table. Tin is obtained chiefly frae the mineral cassiterite, whaur it occurs as tin dioxide, SnO₂.