Má-lâi-se-a

Má-lâi-se-a

Má-lâi-se-a (Má-lâi-gú: Malaysia), Tang-lâm-a ê 1-ê kok-ka, i ê thó·-tē hun-chòe 2 tōa pêng, tiong-ng keh Lâm Tiong-kok Hái. Sai-pō· ê léng-thó· tī Thài-kok ê lâm-hng, ǹg-lâm sī Sin-ka-pho kah Ìn-nî ê Sumatra-tó; Tang-pō· chiap-kin Hui-lu̍t-pin, chiàm Borneo-tó ê pak-pêng (kā Brunei pau tiâu leh), ǹg-lâm sī Ìn-nî.

Che sī 1-ê jia̍t-tài kok-ka, i ê cho̍at-tùi tē-lí hong-ūi sī tī Tē-kiû Chhiah-tō pak-hng 7-tō· ê só·-chāi, tú-tú-hó tī Tang-lâm-a ê tiong-sim tē-tài. Chit-ê kok-ka iû Má-lâi-a pòan-tó kah pô-lô-chiu tó (婆罗州岛) chó·-sêng, kok-thó· chiām-tē bīn-chek chiong-kīn 33-bān k㎡, hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ chôan-tn̂g ta̍t-kàu 4192 kong-lí, kok-ka siú-to· sī Kuala Lumpur (吉隆坡).

Tē-lí

Chham-khó: Má-lâi-se-a ê hêng-chèng-khu

Khì-hāu

Má-lâi-se-a sio̍k-î jia̍t-tài ú-lîm khì-hāu, iân-hái pêⁿ-iûⁿ pêng-kin khì-un 25℃~30℃, soaⁿ-khu pêng-kin khì-un 22℃~28℃.

Jîn-kháu

Má-lai-se-a chôan-kok chóng jîn-kháu tāi-iok 2-chheng 2-pah 70-bān lâng. Kî-tiong Má-lâi-lâng kah kî-thaⁿ ê gôan-chū-bîn chiām 60%, Tn̂g-lâng (Hôa-jîn) chiām 25%, Ìn-tō·-lâng chiām 7%.

Gí-giân

Má-lâi-gí sī Má-lai-se-a ê kok-gí, m̄-koh thong-iōng ê gí-giân khiok-sī Eng-gí, che-í-gōa, Hôa-gí ê sú-iōng hōan-ûi mā put-chí-á khoah. Leng-goa koh u goan-chu-bin e kok-chiong gi-gian.

Chá-kî ê Tn̂g-lâng tōa-to-sò· lâi-chū Tiong-kok tang-lâm iân-hái tē-khu. Má-lai-se-a Tn̂g-lâng ê gí-giân, pau-koat Hokkien (Bân-lâm-gí), Teochew, Kńg-tang-ōe, Kheh-lâng-ōe, Pak-kiaⁿ-ōe, Hok-chiu-ōe, Hái-lâm-ōe kah kî-thaⁿ ê Tiong-kok hong-giân, kî-tiong ài-sǹg Bân-lâm-gí kah Kńg-tang-ōe ê sú-iōng jîn-kháu siāng-chē.

Chong-kàu

Islam-kàu sī Má-lai-se-a ê kok-kàu. Kî-thaⁿ ê chong-kàu chú-iàu sī, Hu̍t-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu kah ìn-tō·-kàu.

Le̍k-sú kán-kài

Kong-gôan 15 sè-kí chho·-kî, tī Má-la̍k-kah ûi tiong-sim ê Bóan-chhì-ka (满刺加) ông-kok thóng-it Má-lâi pòan-tó ê tōa-pō·-hūn só·-chāi, pēng-chhiáⁿ hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chòe tng-sî Lám-iûⁿ chú-iàu ê kok-chè bō·-e̍k tiong-sim. Kàu-kah 16 sè-kí liáu-āu, chit-ê ông-kok chêng-āu cho-siū se-hong si̍t-bîn chú-gī kok-ka Phû-tô-gâ (Portuguesa), Hô-lân kah Eng-kok ê chhim-lio̍k, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī 1911 nî chiâⁿ-chòe Eng-kok ê si̍t-bîn-tē. Tē-jī chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn kî-kan, Má-lâi-se-a ê 1-pō·-hūn tē-khu bat hō· Ji̍t-pún chiàm-niá, chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, iū-kok hoe-hok Eng-kok ê thóng-tī. 1957 nî 8 goeh 31 hō, Má-lâi-a Liân-pang thoat-lī Eng-liân-pang, si̍t-hêng to̍k-li̍p. 1963 nî 9 go̍eh 16 hō, Má-lâi-a Liân-pang hām Sin-ka-pho, Sarawak, Sabah ha̍p-pèng, sêng-li̍p " Má-lâi-se-a Kok " .

Chèng-tī

Má-lâi-se-a sī 1-ê liân-pang, mā sī 1-ê ū hiàn-hoat ê ông-kok. Si̍t-chè ê kôan-le̍k tī siú-siòng kah kok-hōe ê chhiú--nih. Kok-ka miâ-gī-siōng siōng-kôan ê léng-tō-lâng sī gôan-siú (Yang di-Pertuan Agong), mā sī Islam-kàu ê léng-siù kiam bú-chong pō·-tūi ê Thâu-lâng, iû sóan-kí sán-seng. Gôan-siú chhiú-thâu ū li̍p-hoat, su-hoat kah hêng-chèng ê choè-ko kôan-le̍k, ū jīm-bēng chóng-lí, tông-ì ah-sī kū-cho̍at kái-sàn kok-hōe ê chiong-chióng kôan-le̍k. Gôan-siú ê jīm-kî sī 5-nî. Thóng-tī-chiá gī-hōe sī iû Má-la̍k-kah 4-ê chiu ê chiu gôan-siú kah kok-lāi kî-thaⁿ 9-ê chiu ê sè-si̍p so·-tan (世袭苏丹) chó·-sêng. Thóng-tī-chiá gī-hōe ê chit-lêng sī tī-leh 9-ê sè-si̍p so·-tan tang-tiong lûn-liû sóan-kí sán-seng kok-ka ê choè-ko gôan-siú kah hù choè-ko gôan-siú ; sím-gī pēng-chhiáⁿ pan-pō· kok-ka ê hoat-lu̍t, hoat-kui; tùi chôan-kok-sèng ê Islam-kàu būn-tê ū chòe-chiong chhâi-koat-kôan; sím-gī sia̍p-ki̍p Ma-lâi-lâng hām kî-thaⁿ gôan-chū-bîn chi-kan ê te̍k-kôan cheng-gī téng tiōng-tāi ê būn-tôe. Hôan-sī iú-koan "thóng-tī-chiá te̍k-kôan tē-ūi" ê hoat-lu̍t, nā-bô keng-kòe gī-hōe tông-ì, to̍h bōe-tàng thong-kòe. Kok-hōe sī chòe-ko li̍p-hoat ki-kò·, iû " siōng gī-īⁿ " kah " hā gī-īⁿ " chó·-sêng, put-lī-kò, si̍t-kôan khiok-sī chiáng-ak tī lōe-koh chhiú-tiong.

Chām-gōa liân-kiat

• Malaysia tē-tô