Roum

Roum Roma
Comune
Roma Capitale
Views o Roum, frae tap left clockwise: the Colosseum, the Monument tae Vittorio Emanuele II, the Castel Sant'Angelo, an aerial view o the ceety's historic centre, the dome o St. Peter's Basilica, the Trevi Foontain, the Piazza della Repubblica.
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s): The Eternal Ceety, Caput Mundi, the Ceety o seven hills
The territory o the comune (Roma Capitale) inside the province o Roum
Roum Location o Roum in Italy
Coordinates: 41°54′0″N 12°30′0″E
Kintra	Italy
Region	Lazio
Province	Roum (RM)
Government
• Mayor	Gianni Alemanno (PdL)
Area
• Tot	1,285.31 km2 (496.26 sq mi)
Elevation	20 m (70 ft)
Population (September 2011)
• Tot	2,777,979
• Density	2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi)
Demonym	Roman
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	00100; 00121 tae 00199
Diallin code	06
Patron saunt	Saunt Peter an Saunt Paul
Saunt day	29 June
Website	Offeecial wabsteid

Roum (Inglis pronunciation: /ˈroʊm/; Italian: Roma pronounced [ˈroːma] ( listen); Laitin: Rōma) is the caipital o Italy an the kintra's lairgest an maist populatit ceety an comune, wi ower 2.7 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi). Roum's metropolitan aurie is the seicont lairgest in Italy (efter Milan), wi some 3.7 million residents. The ceety is locatit in the central-wastren portion o the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River athin the Lazio region o Italy.

Roum's history spans ower twa an a hauf thoosand years. It wis the caipital ceety o the Roman Kinrick, the Roman Republic an the Roman Empire, which wis the dominant pouer in Wastern Europe an the lands borderin the Mediterranean Sea for ower seiven hunder year frae the 1st century BC till the 7t century AD. Syne the 1st century AD Roum haes been the seat o the Papacy an, efter the end o Byzantine domination, in the 8t century it becam the caipital o the Papal States, that lestit till 1870. In 1871 Roum became the caipital o the Kinrick o Italy, an in 1946 that o the Italian Republic.

Etymologie

Aboot the oreegin o the name Roma several hypotheses hae been advancit. The maist important are the follaein:

• frae Rommylos (Romulus), son o Ascanius an foonder o the ceety;
• frae Rumon or Rumen, archaic name o Tiber. It haes the same ruit o the Greek verb ῥέω (rhèo) an o the Laitin verb ruo, which baith mean "flow";
• frae the Etruscan wird ruma, whose ruit is *rum-, "teat", wi possible reference either tae the totem wouf that adoptit an suckled the cognately named twins Romulus an Remus, or tae the shape o Palatine an Aventine hills;
• frae the Greek wird ῤώμη (rhòme), which means strenth;

History

Accordin tae legend, Roum wis foondit on 21 Apryle 753 BC bi Romulus. He killed his twin brither namit Remus, wi whom he haed been raised bi a wouf, an became the first keeng o Roum. Efter Romulus, who amang ither things creatit the Senate, thare wur, accordin tae legend, sax mair keengs: Numa Pompilius, Tullo Ostilio, Anco Marzio, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, an Tarquinius Superbus.

At the end o the age o monarchy, began the Republican era, durin which Roum, bi wey o increasin expansion, facit several conflicts: in 390 BC, efter struggles wi neebourin fowks, the toun wis invadit bi Gauls an atween the third an seicont century AD, focht against the rival Carthage, which then wis captured an destroyed bi the Roman airmy. But anerly wi Julius Caesar in the first century BC, did the ceety began tae grow significantly, especially toward the Campo Marzio, at the north o Capitol, an its domain wis extendit tae Britannia. Caesar wis niver crouned emperor, a title which, housomeivver, fell tae his adoptit son Octavian who teuk the throne unner the name o Augustus. Augustus "foond a ceety o bricks an left it o marble" an its predecessors wur nae less: thare was no emperor who enriched its ceety wi new monuments, temples an triumphal airches.

Wi the decline o the Roman Empire, the ceety declined in importance an fell intae ruin. Pape Gregory I creatit major reforms for the fowk. The economy o the umwhile caipital wis a turnin point: we can say that frae that moment on, the ceety wis ruled bi the pape, an suin became the caipital o a state an aw, the Papal States, which remained active till the nineteent century. Even papes, like the emperors, became richer ower the centuries. The ceety o monuments an kirks wis cried the "caipital o Christendom", syne here stuid an still staunds the Basilica di San Giovanni Lateran, the maist important kirk o the warld. The pouer o the Pape lessened alang wi its state. In fact, on 20 September 1870, Garibaldi's airmy, which haed the task o unitin aw o Italy unner the croun o Savoy, entered the ceety through a breach opened in the waws at Porta Pia an, the same year, Roum became the caipital o the newborn state.

Eddication

University

• Niccolò Cusano University

Sport

Roum wis the organiser o residence at the 1960 Simmer Olympics. Fitbaa is an important sport for the Romans, wi Serie A clubs AS Roma an SS Lazio is important.

Twin touns, sister ceeties an pairtner ceeties

See also: Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Italy

Column dedicatit tae Paris in 1956 near the Baths o Diocletian

Roum is syne 1956 exclusively an reciprocally twinned anerlie wi:

• Paris, Fraunce

(French) Seule Paris est digne de Rome; seule Rome est digne de Paris.

(Italian) Solo Parigi è degna di Roma; solo Roma è degna di Parigi.

"Anerlie Paris is worthy o Roum; anerlie Roum is worthy o Paris."

Roum's sister an pairtner ceeties are:

Achacachi, Bolivie. Algiers, Algerie. Beijing, Cheenae. Belgrade, Serbie. Brasília, Brazil. Cairo, Egyp. Kiev, Ukraine.

Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick. Mumbai, Indie. Madrid, Spain. Marbella, Spain. Montreal, Canadae. New York Ceety, Unitit States. Plovdiv, Bulgarie. New Delhi, Indie. Seoul, Sooth Korea.

Sydney, Australie. Tirana, Albanie. Tokyo, Japan. Tongeren, Belgium. Tunis, Tunisie Multan, Pakistan