Cabinet of Indonesia

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The cabinet of Indonesia (Indonesian: Kabinet Republik Indonesia) is the council of ministers appointed by the president. Indonesia has seen dozens of cabinets since independence in 1945, although during the New Order most cabinets remained unchanged for five years at a time. Most cabinets are referred to by the names given them at the time of formation.

History of the Indonesian cabinet

The concept of a cabinet is not mentioned explicitly in the 1945 Constitution, so Indonesia's cabinets since 14 November 1945 are the result of administrative convention. There have been two types of cabinet in Indonesian history; presidential and parliamentary. In presidential cabinets, the president is responsible for government policy as head of state and government, while in parliamentary cabinets, the cabinet carries out government policy, and is responsible to the legislature.

During the War of Independence from 1945-1949, the cabinet changed from a presidential to a parliamentary system, despite this not being the system intended by those who drew up the Constitution; however, at several critical periods, it reverted to a presidential system. During this period, the cabinet had between 16 and 37 ministers with 12-15 ministries.

On 27 December 1949, the Netherlands recognised the sovereignty of the United States of Indonesia (RIS). Under the Federal Constitution of 1949, the RIS had a parliamentary cabinet as ministers were responsible for government policy. With the return to the unitary state of Indonesia in August 1950, the parliamentary cabinet system remained due to an agreement between the governments of the RIS and the Republic of Indonesia (a constituent of the RIS). Article 83 of the Provisional Constitution of 1950 stated that ministers had full responsibility for government policy. Over the following nine years there were seven cabinets with between 18 and 25 members.

On 5 July 1959, President Sukarno issued a decree abrogating the 1950 Constitution and returning to the 1945 Constitution. The cabinet was also dissolved. A new presidential cabinet was formed shortly after and this system has continued to the present day. During the final years of Sukarno's presidency, cabinets were larger, peaking at 111 ministers.

During the New Order under President Suharto, cabinets were smaller, and from 1968 until 1998 lasted for the five-year presidential term. Following the fall of Suharto and the beginning of the Reformasi era, the presidential cabinet system has been retained.

List of Indonesian Cabinets

Parliamentary cabinets were usually known by the name of the prime minister, but after 1959 they were named after their principal tasking. The complete list of cabinets follows:

Name of Cabinet	Head of Cabinet	Period of Office
War of Independence
Presidential Cabinet	Sukarno	2 September 1945 – 23 November 1945
First Sjahrir Cabinet	Sutan Sjahrir	23 November 1945 – 12 March 1946
Second Sjahrir Cabinet		12 March 1946 – 2 October 1946
Third Sjahrir Cabinet		2 October 1946 – 27 June 1947
First Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet	Amir Sjarifuddin	3 July 1947 – 11 November 1947
Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet		11 November 1947 – 29 January 1948
First Hatta Cabinet	Mohammad Hatta	29 January 1948 – 19 December 1949
Emergency Cabinet	Sjafruddin Prawiranegara	22 December 1948 – 13 July 1949
First Hatta Cabinet	Mohammad Hatta	13 July 1949 – 4 August 1949
Second Hatta Cabinet		4 August – 14 December 1949
United States of Indonesia
RUSI Cabinet	Mohammad Hatta	20 December 1949 – 7 September 1950
Susanto Cabinet	Susanto Tirtoprodjo	27 December 1949 – 21 January 1950
Halim Cabinet	Abdul Halim	21 January 1950 – 7 September 1950
Liberal Democracy
Natsir Cabinet	Muhammad Natsir	7 September 1950 – 27 April 1951
Sukiman Cabinet	Sukiman Wirjosandjojo	27 April 1951 – 3 April 1952
Wilopo Cabinet	Wilopo	3 April 1952 – 30 July 1953
First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet	Ali Sastroamidjojo	30 July 1953 – 1 August 1955
Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet	Burhanuddin Harahap	1 August 1955 – 24 March 1956
Second Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet	Ali Sastroamidjojo	26 March 1956 – 9 April 1957
Djuanda Cabinet	Djuanda Kartawidjaja	10 April 1957 – 10 July 1959
Guided Democracy
First Working Cabinet	Sukarno	10 July 1959 – 18 February 1960
Second Working Cabinet		18 February 1960 – 8 March 1962
Third Working Cabinet		8 March 1962 – 23 November 1963
Fourth Working Cabinet		23 November 1963 – 2 September 1964
Dwikora Cabinet		2 September 1964 – 24 February 1966
Revised Dwikora Cabinet		24 February 1966 – 30 March 1966
Second Revised Dwikora Cabinet		30 March – 25 July 1966
Ampera Cabinet	Sukarno (until March 1967, then Suharto)	28 July 1966 – 14 October 1967
Revised Ampera Cabinet	Suharto	14 October 1967 – 10 June 1968
New Order
First Development Cabinet	Suharto	10 June 1968 – 28 March 1973
Second Development Cabinet		28 March 1973 – 31 March 1978
Third Development Cabinet		31 March 1978 – 19 March 1983
Fourth Development Cabinet		19 March 1983 – 23 March 1988
Fifth Development Cabinet		23 March 1988 – 19 March 1993
Sixth Development Cabinet		19 March 1993 – 16 March 1998
Seventh Development Cabinet		16 March 1998 – 23 May 1998
Reform Era
Development Reform Cabinet	Jusuf Habibie	23 May 1998 – 29 October 1999
National Unity Cabinet	Abdurrahman Wahid	29 October 1999 – 9 August 2001
Mutual Assistance Cabinet	Megawati Sukarnoputri	10 August 2001 – 20 October 2004
United Indonesia Cabinet	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono	21 October 2004 – 22 October 2009
Second United Indonesia Cabinet	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono	22 October 2009 – 20 October 2014
Working Cabinet	Joko Widodo	27 October 2014 – present
Source: Simanjuntak 2003

Current Cabinet

Main article: Working Cabinet (Joko Widodo)

The present Indonesian cabinet is called the Working Cabinet (Indonesian: Kabinet Kerja), which was sworn in on 27 October 2014. The cabinet consists of 34 ministers.

Portfolio	Name	Photo	Party	Most recent occupation
Coordinating Ministers
Political, Legal and Security Affairs	Tedjo Edhy Purdijatno		NasDem	Chief of Staff – Indonesian Navy 2008–2009
Economic Affairs	Sofyan Djalil			Minister of State-Owned Enterprises 2007–2009
Maritime Affairs	Indroyono Susilo			FAO executive
Human Development and Culture	Puan Maharani		PDI-P	Politician, Chairman of PDI-P Fraction at the People's Representative Council 2009–2014
Ministers Leading Departments
Home Affairs	Tjahjo Kumolo		PDI-P	Politician, Member of People's Representative Council 1987–2014
Foreign Affairs	Retno Marsudi			Ambassador of Indonesia to the Netherlands
Defense	Ryamizard Ryacudu			Chief of Staff – Indonesian Army 2002–2004
Law and Human Rights	Yasonna H. Laoly		PDI-P	Politician, Member of People's Representative Council 2004–2009
Finance	Bambang PS Brodjonegoro			Deputy Minister of Finance
Energy and Mineral Resources	Soedirman Said			Chairman of PT Pindad
Industry	Saleh Husin		Hanura	Politician, Member of People's Representative Council 2009–2014
Trade	Rahmat Gobel			Chairman of PT Gobel International
Agriculture	Amran Sulaiman			CEO of PT. Tiran Group
Forestry and the Environment	Siti Nurbaya Bakar		NasDem	Secretary General of the Regional Representative Council 2006–2013
Transport	Ignasius Jonan			CEO of PT Kereta Api
Maritime Affairs and Fisheries	Susi Pudjiastuti			CEO of Susi Air
Manpower	Hanif Dhakiri		PKB	Politician, Member of People's Representative Council 2009–2014
Public Works & Public Housing	Basuki Hadimuljono			Director General of Spatial Planning, Ministry of Public Works
Health	Nila Moeloek			Indonesian representative for Millennium Development Goals
Culture and Elementary & Secondary Education	Anies Baswedan			Rector of Paramadina University; Chairman of Gerakan Indonesia Mengajar Foundation
Land and Spatial Planning	Ferry Mursyidan Baldan		NasDem	Member of People's Representative Council 2004–2009
Social Affairs	Khofifah Indar Parawansa		PKB	Politician, Minister of Female Empowerment and Children Protection the National Unity Cabinet
Religious Affairs	Lukman Hakim Saifuddin		PPP	Minister of Religious Affairs in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet
Communication and Information	Rudiantara			Independent Commissioner of Indosat
Research, Technology and Higher Education	Muhammad Nasir			Rector-elect of Diponegoro University; Professor of Behavioral & Management Accounting
Cooperatives and Small & Medium Enterprises	Anak Agung Gede Ngurah Puspayoga		PDI-P	Vice Governor of Bali 2008–2013
Female Empowerment and Child Protection	Yohana Susana Yambise			Professor of Linguistics at Cenderawasih University
Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform	Yuddy Chrisnandi		Hanura	Politician
Village, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration	Marwan Ja'far		PKB	Politician
National Development Planning and Chairperson of the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas)	Andrinof A. Chaniago			Professor of Public Policy at the University of Indonesia
State Enterprises	Rini M. Soemarno			Minister of Industry & Trade 2001–2004
Tourism	Arief Yahya			CEO of Telkom Indonesia
Youth and Sports Affairs	Imam Nahrawi		PKB	Politician
Other officials
State Secretary	Pratikno			Rector, Professor of Political & Governmental Science of Gajah Mada University

See also

• List of female cabinet ministers of Indonesia

References

• Daniel Dhaidae & H. Witdarmono (Eds) (2000)Wajah Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republic Indonesia Pemilihan Umum 1999 (Faces of the Republic of Indonesia People's Representative Council 1999 General Election) Harian Kompas, Jakarta, ISBN 979-9251-43-5
• Feith, Herbert (2007) The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd, ISBN 9793780452
• Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2003). Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Djambatan. ISBN 979-428-499-8. 
• Yayasan API (2001),Panduan Parlemen Indonesia (Indonesian Parliamentary Guide), ISBN 979-96532-1-5

External links

• Indonesian Cabinet 1945 – 2001, Indonesian Embassy in the United Kingdom