Ukrainian language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Ukrainian | |
|---|---|
| Українська мова Ukrayins'ka mova | |
| Native to | Ukraine |
| Ethnicity | Ukrainians |
| Native speakers | 35-37 million (2009)[1][2] |
| Language family |
Indo-European
|
| Early forms: |
Old East Slavic
|
| Writing system | Cyrillic (Ukrainian alphabet) Ukrainian Braille |
| Official status | |
| Official language in |
|
| Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: Institute for the Ukrainian Language, Ukrainian language-informatical fund, Potebnya Institute of Language Studies |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | uk |
| ISO 639-2 | ukr |
| ISO 639-3 | ukr |
| Linguasphere | 53-AAA-ed < 53-AAA-e (varieties: 53-AAA-eda to 53-AAA-edq) |
The Ukrainian language (Ukrainian: українська (мова), transliteration: ukrajins'ka mova) is an Eastern Slavic language. This language is a part of the Indo-European language family.
Ukrainian is the second most spoken Slavic language. It is the official language of Ukraine. There are 37 million speakers in Ukraine. Most of them are native speakers. All over the world there are more than 50 million speakers.
The Ukrainian language is written with Cyrillic letters.
Some words are similar to the Polish language.
Alphabet[change | change source]
The Ukrainian alphabet with transliteration and German transcription:
| Capital letter(HTML-Entity) | Small letter(HTML-Entity) | Academic transliteration |
English transcription |
German transcription |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| А (А) | а (а) | A a | A a | A a |
| Б (Б) | б (б) | B b | B b | B b |
| В (В) | в (в) | V v | V v | W w |
| Г (Г) | г (г) | H h | H h | H h |
| Ґ (Ґ) | ґ (ґ) | G g | G g | G g |
| Д (Д) | д (д) | D d | D d | D d |
| Е (Е) | е (е) | E e | E e | E e |
| Є (Є) | є (є) | Je je | Ye ye | Je je |
| Ж (Ж) | ж (ж) | Ž ž | Zh zh | Sch (Sh) sch (sh) |
| З (З) | з (з) | Z z | Z z | S s |
| И (И) | и (и) | Y y | Y y | Y y |
| І (І) | і (і) | I i | I i | I i |
| Ї (Ї) | ї (ї) | Ji ji | Yi yi | Ji ji |
| Й (Й) | й (й) | J j 1 | Y y | J j |
| К (К) | к (к) | K k | K k (instead ks x) | K k (instead ks x) |
| Л (Л) | л (л) | L l | L l | L l |
| М (М) | м (м) | M m | M m | M m |
| Н (Н) | н (н) | N n | N n | N n |
| О (О) | о (о) | O o | O o | O o |
| П (П) | п (п) | P p | P p | P p |
| Р (Р) | р (р) | R r | R r | R r |
| С (С) | с (с) | S s | S s | S s (between vowels ss) |
| Т (Т) | т (т) | T t | T t | T t |
| У (У) | у (у) | U u | U u | U u |
| Ф (Ф) | ф (ф) | F f | F f | F f |
| Х (Х) | х (х) | Ch ch | Kh, kh | Ch ch |
| Ц (Ц) | ц (ц) | C c | Ts ts | Z z |
| Ч (Ч) | ч (ч) | Č č | Ch ch | Tsch tsch |
| Ш (Ш) | ш (ш) | Š š | Sh sh | Sch sch |
| Щ (Щ) | щ (щ) | Šč šč | Shch shch | Schtsch schtsch (Stsch stsch) |
| Ь (Ь) | ь (ь) | ’ (apostrophe) before vowel j 2 | ’ (apostrophe) before vowel y (Soft sign) | (–) bzw. j |
| Ю (Ю) | ю (ю) | Ju Ju | Yu yu | Ju ju |
| Я (Я) | я (я) | Ja ja | Ya ya | Ja ja |
| ’ | ’ (apostrophe)3 | (–) | (–) |
Notes[change | change source]
- 1only before o
- 2only after consonants; a capital letter does not exist; the soft sign ь is not a letter representing a sound, but modifies the sound of the preceding letter, indicating palatalisation ('softening').
- 3an apostrophe (’) is used to mark de-palatalization of the preceding consonant.
References[change | change source]
- ↑ http://www.forost.lmu.de/sprachdatenbank/sprachdatenbank.php?display=Ukrainisch:sprachdaten:verbreitung
- ↑ «ethnologue.org»
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)". Council of Europe. http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23/01/05&CL=ENG&VL=1. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
- ↑ "National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic". Vlada.cz. http://www.vlada.cz/en/pracovni-a-poradni-organy-vlady/rnm/historie-a-soucasnost-rady-en-16666/. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
