Uganda - Ukraine - United Arab Emirates - United Kingdom - United States - Uruguay - Uzbekistan |
1890 British rule
Jun 1894 protectorate over Buganda declared
1896 protectorate extended to include Bunyoro-Kitara, Toro,
Ankole, and Busoga
9 Oct 1962 independence
9 Oct 1963 Sovereign State of Uganda
8 Sep 1967 Republic of Uganda; kingdoms abolished
24 Jul 1993 kingdoms revived
Administrator
26 Dec 1890 - May 1892 Frederick Lugard (b. 1858 - d. 1945)
Commissioners
1 Apr 1893 - May 1893 Sir Gerald Herbert Portal (b. 1858 - d. 1894)
May 1893 - Nov 1893 James Ronald Leslie MacDonald (b. 1862 - d. 1927)
(acting)
Nov 1893 - 1895 Henry Edward Colville (b. 1852 - d. 1907)
1895 - Dec 1899 Ernest James Lennox Berkeley (b. 1857 - d. 1932)
Dec 1899 - Nov 1901 Sir Harry Hamilton Johnston (b. 1858 - d. 1927)
Nov 1901 - 1905 James Hayes Sadler (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
1906 - 1907 Hesketh Bell (b. 1864 - d. 1952)
Governors
1907 - 1909 Hesketh Bell (from 1908,
Sir Hesketh Bell) (s.a.)
1 Feb 1910 - 3 Apr 1911 Harry Edward Spiller Cordeaux (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
1910 - 1911 Stanley Charles Tomkins (b. 18... - d. 1946)
(acting for Cordeaux)
3 Apr 1911 - 10 Feb 1918 Frederick John Jackson (from 1913,
Sir Frederick John Jackson) (b. 1860 - d. 1929)
10 Feb 1918 - 15 Aug 1922 Robert Thorne Coryndon (from 1919,
Sir Robert Thorne Coryndon) (b. 1870 - d. 1925)
15 Aug 1922 - 18 May 1925 Sir Geoffrey Francis Archer (b. 1882 - d. 1964)
18 May 1925 - 23 Nov 1932 Sir William Frederick Gowers (b. 1875 - d. 1954)
23 Nov 1932 - 17 Oct 1935 Sir Bernard Henry Bourdillon (b. 1883 - d. 1948)
17 Oct 1935 - 7 Jul 1940 Philip Euen Mitchell (from 1937,
Sir Philip Euen Mitchell) (b. 1890 - d. 1964)
7 Jul 1940 - 1 Jan 1945 Sir Charles Cecil Farquharson
Dundas (b. 1884 - d. 1956)
1 Jan 1945 - 17 Jan 1952 Sir John Hathorn Hall (b. 1894 - d. 1979)
17 Jan 1952 - 26 Feb 1957 Sir Andrew Benjamin Cohen (b. 1909 - d. 1968)
26 Feb 1957 - 18 Nov 1961 Sir Frederick Crawford (b. 1906 - d. 1978)
18 Nov 1961 - 8 Oct 1962 Sir Walter Fleming Coutts (b. 1912 - d. 1988)
Governor-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)
9 Oct 1962 - 9 Oct 1963 Sir Walter Fleming Coutts (s.a.)
Presidents
9 Oct 1963 - 2 Mar 1966 Sir Edward Mutesa (b. 1924 - d. 1969)
2 Mar 1966 - 25 Jan 1971 Milton Obote (1st time) (b. 1924 - d. 2005)
(acting head of state to 15 Apr 1966)
25 Jan 1971 - 13 Apr 1979 Idi Amin (b. 1925? - d. 2003)
(Head of State to 21 Feb 1971)
13 Apr 1979 - 20 Jun 1979 Yusufu K. Lule (b. 1912 - d. 1985)
20 Jun 1979 - 11 May 1980 Godfrey L. Binaisa (b. 1920 - d. 2010)
12 May 1980 - 22 May 1980 Paulo Muwanga (b. 1924 - d. 1991)
(chairman Military Commission)
22 May 1980 - 15 Dec 1980 Presidential Commission
- Saulo Musoke (b. 1918? - d. 2011)
- Polycarp Nyamuchoncho (b. ... - d. 199...)
- Yoweri Hunter Wacha-Olwol
17 Dec 1980 - 27 Jul 1985 Milton Obote (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Jul 1985 - 29 Jul 1985 Basilio Olara Okello (b. 1929 - d. 1990)
(chairman Military Council)
29 Jul 1985 - 26 Jan 1986 Tito Okello (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
(chairman Military Council)
26 Jan 1986 - Yoweri Museveni (b. 1944?)
(commander National Resistance Army to 29 Jan 1986)
Chief minister
2 Jul 1961 - 1 Mar 1962 Benedicto Kiwanuka (b. 1922 - d. 1972)
Prime ministers
1 Mar 1962 - 30 Apr 1962 Benedicto Kiwanuka (s.a.)
30 Apr 1962 - 15 Apr 1966 Milton Obote (s.a.)
18 Dec 1980 - 27 Jul 1985 Otema Allimadi (b. 1929 - d. 2001)
1 Aug 1985 - 25 Aug 1985 Paulo Muwanga (s.a.)
25 Aug 1985 - 26 Jan 1986 Abraham Waligo (b. 1928 - d. 2000)
30 Jan 1986 - 22 Jan 1991 Samson Kisekka (b. 1912 - d. 1999)
22 Jan 1991 - 18 Nov 1994 George Cosmas Adyebo (b. 1945 - d. 2000)
18 Nov 1994 - 5 Apr 1999 Kintu Musoke (b. 1938)
5 Apr 1999 - 24 May 2011 Apolo Nsibambi (b. 1938)
24 May 2011 - 18 Sep 2014 Amama Mbabazi (b. 1949)
18 Sep 2014 - Ruhakana Rugunda (b. 1947)
Kings (title Kabaka)
... - ... Tebandeke
... - ... Ndawula
... - ... Kagulu
17.. - 17.. Kikulwe
17.. - 17.. Mawanda
1740 - 1741 Mwanga I
1741 - 1750 Namugala
1750 - 1780 Kyabaggu
1780 - 1797 Jjunju
1797 - 1814 Ssemakookiro Wasajja
1814 - 1836 Kamaanya Mukasa
1836 - Oct 1856 Ssuuna II Kalema (b. c.1800 - d. 1856)
Oct 1856 - 19 Oct 1884 Mukaabya Mutesa I (b. c.1837 - d. 1884)
24 Oct 1884 - 10 Sep 1888 Mwanga II Basammula-Ekkere
(1st time) (b. 1868 - d. 1903)
10 Sep 1888 - 21 Oct 1888 Mutebi (II) Kiwewa (b. ... - d. 1889)
21 Oct 1888 - 5 Oct 1889 Kalema (b. ... - d. 1890)
5 Oct 1889 - 9 Aug 1897 Mwanga II Basammula-Ekkere
(2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Aug 1897 - 22 Nov 1939 Daudi Cwa II (b. 1896 - d. 1939)
1898 - 5 Aug 1914 Apolo Kagwa (regent) (b. 1864 - d. 1927)
23 Nov 1939 - 30 Nov 1953 Edward Mutesa II (1st time) (b. 1924 - d. 1969)
30 Nov 1953 - 8 Dec 1953 Paulo Kavuma (regent) (b. 1901 - d. 1989)
8 Dec 1953 - 15 Aug 1955 Regency
- Paulo Kavuma (s.a.)
- Latimer Mpagi
- Matayo Mugwanya
(from 7 Jan 1954)
15 Aug 1955 - 17 Oct 1955 Regency
- Prince Badru Kakungulu (b. 1907 - d. 1991)
- Manyangenda
- Andrea Kyemwa
17 Oct 1955 - 24 May 1966 Edward Mutesa II (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 May 1966 - 8 Sep 1967 vacant
24 Jul 1993 - Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II (b. 1955)
Prime ministers (title Katikkiro)
[with Tebandeke] Mujambula
[with Ndawula] Nsobya
[with Kagulu] Ntambi
[with Kikulwe] Mawuuba
[with Kikulwe] Nakiyenje
[with Kikulwe] Nakikofu
*1740 - 1741 Ssebanakitta
1741 - 1750 Kagali
1750 - 17.. Kabinuli
17.. - 1780 Lugoloobi
1780 - 17.. Ssendegeya
17.. - 17.. Mayembe
17.. - 1797 Kagenda
1797 - ... Nabbunga
... - ... Ssekayiba
... - ... Nabembezi
*1814* Kadduwamala
18.. - 18.. Katimpa
18.. - 18.. Kafumbirwango
18.. - 18.. Kimoga
18.. - 1832 Ssebuko
1832 - 18.. Migeekyamye
*1856* Kayiira
18.. - 18.. Kisomose
18.. - 18.. Mayanja
18.. - 18.. Mulere
*1884 - 1888 Mukasa (b. ... - d. 1888)
1888 Nnyonyintono
1888 - 1889 Muguluma
1889 - 1926 Apolo Kagwa (s.a.)
Feb 1927 - 1929? Kisosonkole
1929 - 1941 Martin Luther Nsibirwa (1st time) (b. 18... - d. 1945)
1941 - 1945 Samwiri Wamala
1945 - 5 Sep 1945 Martin Luther Nsibirwa (2nd time) (s.a.)
Sep 1945 - 1950 Michael E. Kawalya-Kagwa
1950 M.N. Kibirige
1950 - 24 Aug 1955 Paulo Kavuma (s.a.)
24 Aug 1955 - 18 Nov 1964 Michael Kintu (b. 1900 - d. ...)
18 Nov 1964 - 1966 Jehoash Mayanja Nkangi (1st time) (b. 1931)
1993 - 1994 Jehoash Mayanja Nkangi (2nd time) (s.a.)
1994 - 28 Dec 2005 Joseph Ssemwogerere
28 Dec 2005 - 13 Feb 2007 Dan Muliika (b. 1943)
13 Feb 2007 - 8 Jan 2008 Emmanuel Ssendaula (interim)
8 Jan 2008 - 13 May 2013 John Baptist Walusimbi (b. 1944)
13 May 2013 - Charles Peter Mayiga
British residents
1932 - 1944 Arthur Henry Cox (b. 1888 - d. 1971)
1945 - 1947 Douglas William Robertson (b. 1898 - d. 1993)
1947 - 1951 Lachlan Macpherson Boyd (b. 1904 - d. 1980)
1952 - 1954 John Pryor Birch (b. 1908 - d. 1993)
1954 - 1960 Charles Anthony Langdon Richards (b. 1911 - d. 1996)
1960 - 1962 Richard Evelyn Stone (b. 1914 - d. 1980)
Kings (title Omukama)
- Babiito dynasty -
... - ... Kyebambe II Bikafu
1710 - 1730 Olimi III
1731 - 1782 Duhaga I Cwa
1782 - 1786 Olimi IV Kasoma
1786 - 1835 Kyebambe III Nyamutukura
1835 - 1848 Nyabongo II Mugenyi (b. ... - d. 1848)
1848 - 1852 Olimi V Rwakabale (b. ... - d. 1852)
1852 - 1869 Kyebambe IV Kamurasi (b. c.1822 - d. 1869)
1869 Tibulihwa (regent)
1869 - 1873 Cwa II Kabalega (1st time) (b. c.1853 - d. 1923)
1869 - 1873 Kabigumire (in rebellion) (b. ... - d. 1873)
1873 Olimi VI Kabugungu (b. ... - d. 1873)
1873 - 3 Apr 1898 Cwa II Kabalega (2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Apr 1898 - 17 Sep 1902 Karukara Kitahimbwa (from
Feb 1899, Yosiya William
Karukara Kitahimbwa) (b. c.1888 - d. 19...)
17 Sep 1902 - 30 Mar 1924 Andereya Bisereko Duhaga II (b. 1882 - d. 1924)
12 Apr 1924 - 8 Sep 1967 Tito Gafabusa Winyi IV (b. 1883 - d. 1971)
11 Jun 1994 - Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I (b. 1949)
Kings (title Omukama)
- Babiito dynasty -
1822 - 186. Olimi I Kaboyo I
186. - 18.. Duhaga Kazana
18.. - 1870 Kyebambe I Nyaika (1st time)
1870 - 187. Rukidi I Kato
187. - 187. Kyebambe I Nyaika (2nd time)
187. - 187. Olimi II Mukabirere
187. - 187. Kyebambe II Mukarusa
187. - 187. Rukidi II Isingoma
187. - 187. Kyebambe III Rububi (1st time)
187. - 187. incorporated into Bunyoro-Kitara
187. - 187. Nyamuyonjo Kakende (1st time)
187. - 187. Katere
187. - 187. Kyebambe III Rububi (2nd time)
187. - 1876 Nyamuyonjo Kakende (2nd time)
1876 - 1891 incorporated into Bunyoro-Kitara
14 Aug 1891 - 1893 Kasagama Kyebambe IV (1st time) (b. c.1874 - d. 1928)
1893 - 1894 incorporated into Bunyoro-Kitara
1894 - 31 Dec 1928 Kasagama Kyebambe IV (2nd time) (s.a.)
29 Jan 1929 - 21 Dec 1965 George David Matthew Kamurasi
Rukidi III (b. 1904 - d. 1965)
2 Mar 1966 - 8 Sep 1967 Patrick David Matthew Rwamuhokya
Olimi III Kaboyo II (1st time) (b. 1945 - d. 1995)
27 Jul 1993 - 26 Aug 1995 Patrick David Matthew Rwamuhokya
Olimi III Kaboyo II (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Sep 1995 - Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV (b. 1992)
Sep 1995 - Dec 2002 Regency
- John Katuramu (to 2000) (b. 1955)
- James Rabwoni (b. 1928 - d. 2009)
- Thomas Kisembo
Dec 2002 - 21 Dec 2007 Regency
- Isaya Kalya
- Oswald Ndolerire
- Zaverio Byabagambi
25 Mar 2008 - 17 Apr 2010 Regency
- Richard Baguma Adyeeri
- George Nyakairu
- Justine Bakahumura
31 Dec 2010 - Regency
- Best Kemigisa (f) (b. 1967)
- Ephraim Mugasa
- Richard Baguma Adyeeri
- Apollo Karugaba (b. 1949)
- Stephen Nyabongo Rwakijuma (b. 1962)
bf.1447 Kingdom of Nkore
1901 Nkore and other states consolidated into Kingdom of Ankole
1993 despite restoration of kingdoms, Ankole is not recognized by
Uganda government
Kings (title Omugabe)
- Bahinda dynasty -
1783 - ... Nyakashaija
... - ... Bwarenga
... - 1811 Rwebishengye
1811 - 18.. Kayungu
18.. - 18.. Rwanga (regent)
18.. - 1839 Gasyonga I
1839 - 1867 Mutambuka (b. ... - d. 1867)
1867 Mukwenda (regent)
1867 - 1895 Ntare V Rugingiza (b. ... - d. 1895)
1895 - 1897 Kahitsi (regent)
1897 - 10 Oct 1944 Edward Sulemani Kahaya II (b. 18... - d. 1944)
Sep 1945 - 8 Sep 1967 Charles Godfrey Rutahaba
Gasyonga II (b. 1910 - d. 1979)
20 Nov 1993 - 14 Oct 2011 Rutashijuka Ntare VI (b. 1940 - d. 2011)
17 Oct 2011 - Charles Aryaija Rwebishengye (b. 1991?)
Prime ministers (title Enganzi)
1896 - 1938 Nuwa Mbaguta (b. 1867? - d. 1944)
1938 - 1946 Lazaro Kamugungunu
1946 - 1948 Erinesti Katungi
1948 - 1955 Zekeriya Mungonya
1955 - 1961 Kesi Nganwa
1961 - 1963 John Kabaireho (b. 1923 - d. 2014)
1963 - 1967 James Kahigiriza (b. 1921 - d. 2010)
19 Oct 2009 kingdom recognized (formerly part of Toro) King (title Omusinga) 19 Oct 2009 - Charles Wesley Mumbere (b. 1953?)
Prime ministers 19 Oct 2009 - 2 Mar 2012 Constantine Bwambale 2 Mar 2012 - 12 Oct 2012 Loice Biira Bwambale (f) (acting) (b. 1952) 12 Oct 2012 - 16 Oct 2013 Henry Kandabu 20 May 2013 - 16 Oct 2013 Ivan Syauswa (acting for suspended Kandabu) 16 Oct 2013 - Noah Nzaghale 24 Sep 2014 - Enock Jimmy Muhindo (acting for Nzaghale)
1780 incorporated into Russia
Hetmans
25 Jul 1687 - 2 Oct 1709 Ivan Mazepa (b. 1639 - d. 1709)
1708 - Jul 1722 Ivan Skoropadsky (b. 1646 - d. 1722)
(in opposition to 1709)
Apr 1710 - 24 May 1742 Pylyp Orlyk (in exile) (b. 1672 - d. 1742)
1722 - 1724 Pavlo Polubotok (acting) (b. 1660 - d. 1724)
1724 - 1727 direct Russian administration
1 Oct 1727 - 28 Jan 1734 Danylo Apostol (b. 1654 - d. 1734)
1734 - 1750 direct Russian administration
1750 - 1764 Kyrylo Rozumovsky (b. 1728 - d. 1803)
1764 - 1780 direct Russian administration
22 Jan 1918 Ukrainian People's Republic (independence from Russia)
29 Apr 1918 Ukrainian State
14 Dec 1918 Ukrainian People's Republic
7 May 1921 absorbed by Soviet Ukraine (see below)
Chairman of the Central Rada (Council)
22 Jan 1918 - 29 Apr 1918 Mykhailo Serhiyovych Hrushevsky (b. 1866 - d. 1934)
Hetman
29 Apr 1918 - 14 Dec 1918 Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadsky (b. 1873 - d. 1945)
Chairmen of the Directory
14 Dec 1918 - 11 Feb 1919 Volodymyr Kyrylovych Vynnychenko (b. 1880 - d. 1951)
11 Feb 1919 - 7 May 1921 Symon Vasylovych Petlyura (b. 1879 - d. 1926)
(provisional to 15 Feb 1919)
Presidents in exile
7 May 1921 - 25 May 1926 Symon Vasylovych Petlyura (s.a.)
1926 - 17 Jan 1954 Andriy Mykolayovych Livytsky (b. 1879 - d. 1954)
6 Mar 1954 - 19 Oct 1965 Stepan Vytvytsky (b. 1884 - d. 1965)
22 Mar 1967 - 8 Dec 1989 Mykola Livytsky (b. 1908 - d. 1989)
1990 - 22 Aug 1992 Mykola Plavyuk (b. 1925 - d. 2012)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
22 Jan 1918 - 28 Apr 1918 Vsevolod Oleksandrovych Holubovych (b. 1885 - d. 1939)
29 Apr 1918 - 30 Apr 1918 Mykola Sakhno-Ustymovych (b. 1863 - d. 1918)
30 Apr 1918 - 10 May 1918 Mykola Prokopovych Vasylenko (b. 1866 - d. 1935)
10 May 1918 - 14 Nov 1918 Fedir Andriyovych Lyzohub (b. 1851 - d. 1928)
14 Nov 1918 - 14 Dec 1918 Serhiy Mykolayovych Gerbel (b. 1856 - d. 19...)
26 Dec 1918 - 13 Feb 1919 Volodymyr Musiyovych Chekhivsky (b. 1876 - d. 1937)
13 Feb 1919 - 9 Apr 1919 Serhiy Stepanovych Ostapenko (b. 1881 - d. 1937)
9 Apr 1919 - 27 Aug 1919 Borys Mykolayovych Martos (b. 1879 - d. 1977)
27 Aug 1919 - 20 May 1920 Isaak Prokhorovych Mazepa (b. 1884 - d. 1951)
20 May 1920 - 20 Oct 1920 Vyacheslav Kostyantynovych
Prokopovych (b. 1881 - d. 1942)
20 Oct 1920 - 18 Nov 1920 Andriy Mykolayovych Livytsky (s.a.)
25 Dec 1917 Ukrainian People's Republic (independence from Russia)
18 Apr 1918 - Nov 1918 authorities dissolved following Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
6 Jan 1919 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
30 Dec 1922 founding component of the Soviet Union (see Soviet republics)
24 Aug 1991 declaration of independence (confirmed 1 Dec 1991)
25 Dec 1991 final independence (dissolution of the U.S.S.R.)
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
25 Dec 1917 - 18 Mar 1918 Yukhym Hryhorovych Medvedyev (b. 1886 - d. 1938)
18 Mar 1918 - 18 Apr 1918 Volodymyr Petrovych Zatonsky (b. 1888 - d. 1937)
18 Apr 1918 - Nov 1918 All-Ukrainian Bureau for Directing
the Partisan Resistance Against
the German Occupiers
- Mykola Oleksiyovych Skrypnyk (b. 1872 - d. 1933)
- Volodymyr Petrovych Zatonsky (s.a.)
- Andriy Serhiyovych Bubnov (b. 1883 - d. 1940)
- Yuriy Leonidovych Pyatakov (b. 1890 - d. 1937)
- Yevhen Petrovych Terletsky (b. 1892 - d. 1938)
- O. Odoyevsky
- Serhiy Dmytrovych Mstyslavsky (b. 1876 - d. 1943)
- Mykola Yevtykhiyovych Vrublevsky (b. 1897 - d. 1918)
- (possibly) Stanislav
Vikentiyovych Kosior (b. 1889 - d. 1939)
(list not necessarily complete)
28 Nov 1918 - 10 Mar 1919 the heads of government (acting)
10 Mar 1919 - Mar 1938 Hryhoriy Ivanovych Petrovsky (b. 1878 - d. 1958)
Presidents
5 Dec 1991 - 19 Jul 1994 Leonid Kravchuk (b. 1934)
19 Jul 1994 - 23 Jan 2005 Leonid Kuchma (b. 1938)
23 Jan 2005 - 25 Feb 2010 Viktor Yushchenko (b. 1954)
25 Feb 2010 - 22 Feb 2014 Viktor Yanukovych (b. 1950)
23 Feb 2014 - 7 Jun 2014 Oleksandr Turchynov (acting) (b. 1964)
7 Jun 2014 - Petro Poroshenko (b. 1965)
Chairman of the People's Secretariat
9 Mar 1918 - 18 Apr 1918 Mykola Oleksiyovych Skrypnyk (s.a.)
Chairman of the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government
28 Nov 1918 - 29 Jan 1919 Yuriy Leonidovych Pyatakov (s.a.)
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars (initially also styled
Chairman of the Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine)
29 Jan 1919 - 11 Dec 1919 Khrystyan Georgiyovych Rakovsky
(1st time) (b. 1873 - d. 1941)
11 Dec 1919 - 19 Feb 1920 Hryhoriy Ivanovych Petrovsky (s.a.)
(chairman All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee)
19 Feb 1920 - 15 Jul 1923 Khrystyan Georgiyovych Rakovsky
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Prime ministers
23 Oct 1990 - 2 Oct 1992 Vitold Fokin (b. 1932)
(acting to 14 Nov 1990)
2 Oct 1992 - 13 Oct 1992 Valentyn Symonenko (acting) (b. 1940)
13 Oct 1992 - 22 Sep 1993 Leonid Kuchma (s.a.)
22 Sep 1993 - 16 Jun 1994 Yukhym Zvyahilsky (acting) (b. 1933)
16 Jun 1994 - 1 Mar 1995 Vitaliy Masol (b. 1928)
1 Mar 1995 - 28 May 1996 Yevhen Marchuk (b. 1941)
(acting to 8 Jun 1995)
28 May 1996 - 2 Jul 1997 Pavlo Lazarenko (b. 1953)
19 Jun 1997 - 16 Jul 1997 Vasyl Durdynets (b. 1937)
(acting [for Lazarenko to 2 Jul 1997])
16 Jul 1997 - 22 Dec 1999 Valeriy Pustovoitenko (b. 1947)
22 Dec 1999 - 29 May 2001 Viktor Yushchenko (s.a.)
29 May 2001 - 21 Nov 2002 Anatoliy Kinakh (b. 1954)
21 Nov 2002 - 5 Jan 2005 Viktor Yanukovych (1st time) (s.a.)
7 Dec 2004 - 28 Dec 2004 Mykola Azarov (1st time) (b. 1947)
(acting for Yanukovych)
5 Jan 2005 - 24 Jan 2005 Mykola Azarov (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
24 Jan 2005 - 8 Sep 2005 Yuliya Tymoshenko (f) (1st time) (b. 1960)
(acting to 4 Feb 2005)
8 Sep 2005 - 4 Aug 2006 Yuriy Yekhanurov (b. 1948)
(acting to 22 Sep 2005)
4 Aug 2006 - 18 Dec 2007 Viktor Yanukovych (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 2007 - 11 Mar 2010 Yuliya Tymoshenko (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Mar 2010 - 11 Mar 2010 Oleksandr Turchynov (1st time) (s.a.)
(acting for Tymoshenko)
11 Mar 2010 - 28 Jan 2014 Mykola Azarov (3rd time) (s.a.)
28 Jan 2014 - 22 Feb 2014 Serhiy Arbuzov (acting) (b. 1976)
22 Feb 2014 - 27 Feb 2014 Oleksandr Turchynov (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
27 Feb 2014 - Arseniy Yatsenyuk (b. 1974)
24 Jul 2014 - 31 Jul 2014 Volodymyr Hroisman (b. 1978)
(acting for Yatsenyuk)
19 Mar 1918 dissolved Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars 12 Feb 1918 - 19 Mar 1918 Fedor Andriyovych Artem (b. 1883 - d. 1921)
1 Nov 1918 Ukrainian State (independence from Austria)
13 Nov 1918 Western Ukrainian People's Republic
22 Jan 1919 incorporation into Ukraine; later alternately incorporated
into Poland and Ukraine
President of the Ukrainian National Council
1 Nov 1918 - 22 Jan 1919 Yevhen Petrushevych (b. 1863 - d. 1940)
12 Nov 1918 independence from Austria
31 Dec 1918 incorporation into Romania
15 Sep 1947 incorporation of northern Bukovina into Ukrainian S.S.R. (in
Soviet Union) after alternating between Ukraine and Romania
President of the National Council
12 Nov 1918 - 28 Nov 1918 Dionisie Bejan (b. 1837 - d. 1923)
President of the General Congress
28 Nov 1918 - 31 Dec 1918 Iancu Flondor (b. 1865 - d. 1924)
5 Dec 1918 Lemko-Rusyn Republic
Mar 1920 part of Czechoslovakia
11 Oct 1938 autonomy within Czechoslovakia (Subcarpathian Rus)
Nov 1938 renamed Carpatho-Ukraine
14 Mar 1939 independence
16 Mar 1939 incorporation into Hungary
29 Jun 1945 incorporation into Ukrainian S.S.R. (in Soviet Union)
President of the Central National Council
5 Dec 1918 - Mar 1920 Jaroslav Kaczmarczyk (b. 1884 - d. af.1939)
Governors
Apr 1920 - Mar 1921 Hrihoriy Ihnatiy Zhatkovych (b. 1886 - d. 1967)
1921 - 1923 Petr Ehrenfeld (acting) (b. 1866 - d. 1936)
1923 - 16 Jun 1933 Anton Beskid (b. 1855 - d. 1933)
1935 - 9 Oct 1938 Konstantin Hrabar (b. 1877 - d. 1938)
9 Oct 1938 - 1939 Ivan Párkányi (b. 1896 - d. 1996)
6 Mar 1939 - 14 Mar 1939 Lev Prchala (military governor) (b. 1892 - d. 1963)
President
14 Mar 1939 - 16 Mar 1939 Avhustyn Ivanovych Voloshyn (b. 1874 - d. 1945)
(acting to 15 Mar 1939)
Heads of the Civil Administration
1920 - 1924 Petr Ehrenfeld (s.a.)
1924 - 1938 Antonín Rozsypal (b. 1866 - d. 1937)
(from 1933, Head of the Political Administration)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
11 Oct 1938 - 26 Oct 1938 Andras Brody (b. 1895 - d. 1946)
26 Oct 1938 - 16 Mar 1939 Avhustyn Ivanovych Voloshyn (s.a.)
1427 khanate
1 Jun 1475 Ottoman vassal
13 Jul 1771 - 1773 Russian occupation
21 Jul 1774 Ottomans renounce sovereignty over Crimea
1777 Russian vassal
21 Jul 1783 annexed to Russia
Jun 1792 khanate finally overthrown
Dec 1917 - 7 Nov 1921 various revolutionary governments
7 Nov 1921 - 30 Jun 1945 Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within Russian
S.F.S.R.
19 Feb 1954 Crimea transferred from Russian S.F.S.R. to Ukrainian S.S.R.
12 Feb 1991 Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within Ukraine
26 Feb 1992 renamed Crimean Republic
4 Apr 1996 Autonomous Republic of Crimea
17 Mar 2014 independence declared (Republic of Crimea), recognized by
Russia
21 Mar 2014 annexed to Russia
Khans
- Giray dynasty -
2 Mar 1699 - 26 Dec 1702 Devlet Giray II (1st time) (b. 1668 - d. 1725)
26 Dec 1702 - 22 Dec 1704 Selim Giray I (4th time) (b. ... - d. 1704)
30 Dec 1704 - Apr 1707 Ghazi Giray III (b. 1673 - d. 1708)
Apr 1707 - 9 Dec 1708 Qaplan Giray I (1st time) (b. 1680 - d. 1738)
9 Dec 1708 - 29 Mar 1713 Devlet Giray II (2nd time) (s.a.)
29 Mar 1713 - 15 Dec 1716 Qaplan Giray I (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Dec 1716 - 29 Dec 1716 Qara-Devlet Giray III (b. 1650 - d. 1716)
29 Dec 1716 - 16 Oct 1724 Sa'adet Giray III (b. ... - d. 1732)
16 Oct 1724 - 28 Sep 1730 Mengli Giray II (1st time) (b. 1681 - d. 1739)
28 Sep 1730 - 24 Jul 1736 Qaplan Giray I (3rd time) (s.a.)
24 Jul 1736 - Jul 1737 Feth Giray II (b. ... - d. 1746/47)
Jul 1737 - 31 Dec 1739 Mengli Giray II (2nd time) (s.a.)
31 Dec 1739 - Nov 1743 Selamet Giray II (b. 1690? - d. 1751)
Nov 1743 - 18 May 1748 Selim Giray II (b. 1708 - d. 1748)
18 May 1748 - Dec 1755 Arslan Giray (1st time) (b. ... - d. 1767)
Dec 1755 - 4 Oct 1758 Halim Giray (b. 1691 - d. 1759)
21 Oct 1758 - Sep 1764 Qirim Giray (1st time) (b. 1719 - d. 1769)
Sep 1764 - 14 Mar 1767 Selim Giray III (1st time) (b. 1708/16 - d. 1781/86)
14 Mar 1767 - 30 May 1767 Arslan Giray (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jun 1767 - Nov 1768 Maqsud Giray (1st time) (b. ... - d. 1781)
19 Oct 1768 - Mar 1769 Qirim Giray (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mar 1769 - 25 Feb 1770 Devlet Giray IV (1st time) (b. 1730 - d. 1781)
25 Feb 1770 - Dec 1770 Qaplan Giray II (b. 1739 - d. 1771)
Dec 1770 - 30 Jun 1771 Selim Giray III (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Jun 1771 - Mar 1772 Maqsud Giray (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mar 1772 - Jun 1775 Sahib Giray II (b. ... - d. 1807)
Jun 1775 - Jan 1777 Devlet Giray IV (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Mar 1777 - Dec 1777 Shahin Giray (1st time) (b. ... - d. 1787)
Dec 1777 - 1778 Selim Giray III (3rd time) (s.a.)
1778 - 1782 Shahin Giray (2nd time) (s.a.)
1782 - 1783 Bahadur Giray II (1st time) (b. ... - d. c.1792)
1783 - 8 Apr 1783 Shahin Giray (3rd time) (s.a.)
1783 - 1790 Bahadur Giray II (2nd time) (s.a.)
(in Kuban)
1787 - 1789 Shahbaz Giray (in Kuban) (b. 1728? - d. 1793)
Feb 1789 - Jun 1792 Bakht Giray (nominally) (b. 1747 - d. 1801)
Chairman of Parliament
1991 - 4 Feb 1994 Mykola Vasylovych Bahrov (b. 1937 - d. 2015)
President
4 Feb 1994 - 17 Mar 1995 Yuriy Oleksandrovych Meshkov (b. 1945)
Chairmen of Parliament
17 Mar 1995 - 6 Jul 1995 Serhiy Pavlovych Tsekov (b. 1953)
6 Jul 1995 - 10 Oct 1996 Yevhen Volodymyrovych Suprunyuk (b. 1955)
10 Oct 1996 - 13 Feb 1997 Vasyl Oleksiyovich Kyselyov (b. 1948)
13 Feb 1997 - 14 May 1998 Anatoliy Pavlovych Hrytsenko
(1st time) (b. 1958)
14 May 1998 - 29 Apr 2002 Leonid Ivanovych Hrach (b. 1948)
29 Apr 2002 - 12 May 2006 Borys Davydovych Deich (b. 1938)
12 May 2006 - 17 Mar 2010 Anatoliy Pavlovych Hrytsenko
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 2010 - 14 Apr 2014 Volodymyr Andriyovych Konstantynov (b. 1956)
Head of the Republic
14 Apr 2014 - Sergey Valeriyovich Aksyonov (b. 1972)
(acting to 9 Oct 2014)
Heads of the Directory of the Crimean People's Democratic Republic
13 Dec 1917 - 4 Jan 1918 Chelebi Chelebiev (b. 1885 - d. 1918)
4 Jan 1918 - 14 Jan 1918 Dzhafer Seidamet (b. 1899 - d. 1960)
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Republic of Tavrida
21 Mar 1918 - 21 Apr 1918 Anton Yosypovych Slutsky (b. 1884 - d. 1918)
Head of the Crimean government under German occupation
25 Jun 1918 - 14 Nov 1918 Suleiman Sulkevych (b. 1865 - d. 1920)
Prime minister
15 Nov 1918 - 15 Apr 1919 Solomon Samoilovych Krym (b. 1867 - d. 1936)
Provisional chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars of the Crimean Soviet
Socialist Republic
29 Apr 1919 - May 1919 Yuriy Petrovych Haven (b. 1884 - d. 1936)
May 1919 - Jun 1919 Dmytro Illich Ulyanov (b. 1874 - d. 1943)
Head of government
Jun 1920 - Nov 1920 Oleksandr Vasylovych Kryvoshein (b. 1857 - d. 1921)
Chairmen of the Crimean Revolutionary Committee
Nov 1920 - 21 Feb 1921 Béla Kun (b. 1886 - d. 1939)
21 Feb 1921 - 7 Nov 1921 Mykhailo Kharytonovych Polyakov (b. 1884 - d. 1938)
Prime ministers
22 Mar 1991 - 20 May 1993 Vitaliy Volodymyrovych Kurashik (b. 1939)
20 May 1993 - 4 Feb 1994 Boris Ivanovych Samsonov (b. 1938)
4 Feb 1994 - 15 Feb 1994 Anatoliy Romanovych Franchuk
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1953)
15 Feb 1994 - 6 Oct 1994 Yevhen Fedorovych Saburov (b. 1946 - d. 2009)
6 Oct 1994 - 22 Mar 1995 Anatoliy Romanovych Franchuk
(2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Mar 1995 - 31 Mar 1995 Anatoliy Ivanovych Drobotov (b. 1951)
31 Mar 1995 - 26 Jan 1996 Anatoliy Romanovych Franchuk
(3rd time) (s.a.)
26 Jan 1996 - 4 Jun 1997 Arkadiy Fedorovych Demydenko (b. 1950 - d. 2005)
4 Jun 1997 - 25 May 1998 Anatoliy Romanovych Franchuk
(4th time) (s.a.)
25 May 1998 - 18 Jul 2001 Serhiy Volodymyrovych Kunitsyn
(1st time) (b. 1960)
18 Jul 2001 - 25 Jul 2001 Lentun Romanovych Bezaziyev (b. 1942)
(acting)
25 Jul 2001 - 29 Apr 2002 Valeriy Myronovych Horbatov (b. 1955)
29 Apr 2002 - 20 Apr 2005 Serhiy Volodymyrovych Kunitsyn
(2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Apr 2005 - 23 Sep 2005 Anatoliy Serhiyovych Matvienko (b. 1953)
23 Sep 2005 - 2 Jun 2006 Anatoliy Fedorovych Burdyugov (b. 1958)
2 Jun 2006 - 17 Mar 2010 Viktor Tarasovych Plakida (b. 1956)
17 Mar 2010 - 17 Aug 2011 Vasyl Heorhiyovych Dzharty (b. 1958 - d. 2011)
17 Aug 2011 - 8 Nov 2011 Pavlo Mykolayovych Burlakov (b. 1963)
(acting)
8 Nov 2011 - 27 Feb 2014 Anatoliy Volodymyrovych Mohyliov (b. 1955)
27 Feb 2014 - 14 Apr 2014 Sergey Valeriyovich Aksyonov (s.a.)
28 Jun 1996 definitely separated from Crimea
17 Mar 2014 part of self-declared Republic of Crimea
21 Mar 2014 annexed to Russia as a federal city
Mayors
19 Jul 1995 - 24 Apr 1998 Viktor Semenov (b. 1946)
27 Apr 1998 - 5 Apr 1999 Borys Kucher (b. 1942 - d. 1999)
13 Apr 1999 - 4 Feb 2005 Leonid Zhunko (b. 1951)
4 Feb 2005 - 1 Jun 2006 Serhiy Ivanov (b. 1952)
1 Jun 2006 - 6 Apr 2010 Serhiy Kunitsyn (s.a.)
6 Apr 2010 - 7 Jun 2011 Valeriy Saratov (b. 1953)
7 Jun 2011 - 24 Feb 2014 Volodymyr Yatsuba (b. 1947)
24 Feb 2014 - 1 Apr 2014 Aleksey Chaly (b. 1961)
Governors
1 Apr 2014 - 14 Apr 2014 Aleksey Chaly (acting) (s.a.)
14 Apr 2014 - Sergey Menyaylo (b. 1960)
(acting to 9 Oct 2014)
Mar 1892 - 1971 British protectorates (Trucial States, Trucial Coast,
or Trucial Oman)
2 Dec 1971 federation of six emirates as United Arab Emirates (Abu
Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah, Umm al-Qaiwain)
11 Feb 1972 accession of Ras al-Khaimah
British political officers (subordinated to the chief political residents
of the Persian Gulf; see under Bahrain)
1937 - 1940 John Baron Howes (b. 1907)
1940 - 1941 Roy Douglas Metcalfe (b. 1909)
1941 - 1943 Cornelius James Pelly (b. 1908 - d. 1985)
1943 - 1944 Maurice Patrick Tandy (b. 1912 - d. 1986)
1944 Reginald Michael Hadow (b. 1915 - d. 1993)
1944 - 1945 Richard Ernest Rowland Bird (b. 1912 - d. 1986)
1945 - 1946 Raymond Clive Murphy (b. 1912)
1946 - 1947 J.E.H. Hudson
1947 - 1948 Gordon Noel Jackson (b. 1913 - d. 1999)
1948 - 1950 Patrick Desmond Stobart (b. 1920 - d. 1991)
1950 - 1951 Harry Denis Mitchell (b. 1923 - d. 1971)
1951 - 1952 John Wilton (b. 1921 - d. 2011)
1952 Martin Stanley Buckmaster (b. 1921 - d. 2007)
1952 - 1953 Michael Weir (b. 1925 - d. 2006)
British political agents (subordinated as above)
1953 - 1955 Christopher Pirie-Gordon (b. 1911 - d. 1980)
1955 - 1958 John Peter Tripp (b. 1927 - d. 1986)
1958 - 1961 Donald Hawley (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
1961 - 1964 James Craig (b. 1924)
1964 - 1966 Glencairn Balfour-Paul (b. 1917 - d. 2008)
1966 - 1968 David Roberts (b. 1924 - d. 1987)
1968 - 1970 Julian Bullard (b. 1928 - d. 2006)
1971 Julian Walker (b. 1929)
Presidents
2 Dec 1971 - 2 Nov 2004 Sheikh Zaid ibn Sultan Al Nahayan (b. c.1918 - d. 2004)
2 Nov 2004 - 3 Nov 2004 Sheikh Maktum ibn Rashid Al Maktum (b. 1943 - d. 2006)
(acting)
3 Nov 2004 - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Zaid Al Nahayan (b. 1948)
Prime ministers
9 Dec 1971 - 25 Apr 1979 Sheikh Maktum ibn Rashid Al Maktum
(1st time) (s.a.)
25 Apr 1979 - 7 Oct 1990 Sheikh Rashid ibn Said Al Maktum (b. c.1910 - d. 1990)
20 Nov 1990 - 4 Jan 2006 Sheikh Maktum ibn Rashid Al Maktum
(2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Jan 2006 - Sheikh Muhammad ibn Rashid Al
Maktum (b. 1949)
1761 Al Abu Falah lineage of Banu Yas clan established in
Abu Dhabi
Rulers
- Al Abu Falah dynasty -
1761 - 1793 Sheikh Dhiyab ibn `Isa ibn Nahayan (b. ... - d. 1793)
1793 - 1795 Sheikh Hazza ibn Zaid
1795 - 1816 Sheikh Shakhbut ibn Dhiyab
Al Nahayan (1st time)
1816 - 1818 Sheikh Muhammad ibn Shakhbut
Al Nahayan
1818 - ... Sheikh Shakhbut ibn Dhiyab
Al Nahayan (2nd time)
(jointly with the following two)
1818 - Apr 1833 Sheikh Tahnun ibn Shakhbut
Al Nahayan (b. ... - d. 1833)
Apr 1833 - 1845 Sheikh Khalifa ibn Shakhbut
Al Nahayan (b. ... - d. 1845)
(jointly with the following)
Apr 1833 - Jul 1845 Sheikh Sultan ibn Shakhbut
Al Nahayan (b. ... - d. 1845)
Jul 1845 - Sep 1845 Sheikh `Isa ibn Khalid (usurper) (b. ... - d. 1845)
Sep 1845 - Dec 1845 Sheikh Dhiyab ibn `Isa (usurper) (b. ... - d. 1845)
Dec 1845 - 1855 Sheikh Said ibn Tahnun Al Nahayan
1855 - May 1909 Sheikh Zaid ibn Khalifa Al Nahayan (b. 18... - d. 1909)
May 1909 - Oct 1912 Sheikh Tahnun ibn Zaid Al Nahayan (b. 18... - d. 1912)
Oct 1912 - 22 Aug 1922 Sheikh Hamdan ibn Zaid Al Nahayan (b. 1881 - d. 1922)
22 Aug 1922 - 4 Aug 1926 Sheikh Sultan ibn Zaid Al Nahayan (b. 1881 - d. 1926)
4 Aug 1926 - 1 Jan 1928 Sheikh Saqr ibn Zaid Al Nahayan (b. 1887 - d. 1928)
1 Jan 1928 - 6 Aug 1966 Sheikh Shakhbut ibn Sultan
Al Nahayan (b. 1905 - d. 1989)
6 Aug 1966 - 2 Nov 2004 Sheikh Zaid ibn Sultan Al Nahayan (s.a.)
2 Nov 2004 - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Zaid Al Nahayan (s.a.)
British political officers
1955 - 1958 Martin Stanley Buckmaster (b. 1921 - d. 2007)
1958 - 1959 E.R. Worsnop
1959 - 1961 Edward Henderson (b. 1917 - d. 1995)
1961 O.R. Miles (acting)
British political agents
Nov 1961 - May 1965 Hugh Boustead (b. 1895 - d. 1980)
1965 - 1968 Archie Lamb (b. 1921)
1968 - 1971 James Treadwell (b. 1920 - d. 2010)
17.. Ajman and Dependencies
Rulers
- Al Abu Khurayban dynasty -
17.. - 17.. Sheikh Rashid Al Nuaimi
17.. - 1816 Sheikh Humayd ibn Rashid Al Nuaimi
1816 - 1838 Sheikh Rashid ibn Humayd Al Nuaimi (b. ... - d. 1838)
1838 - 1841 Sheikh Humayd ibn Rashid Al Nuaimi
(1st time) (b. ... - d. 1873)
1841 - 1848 Sheikh `Abd al-`Aziz ibn Rashid
Al Nuaimi (b. ... - d. 1848)
1848 - 1873 Sheikh Humayd ibn Rashid Al Nuaimi
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1873 - Apr 1891 Sheikh Rashid ibn Humayd Al Nuaimi (b. ... - d. 1891)
Apr 1891 - 8 Jul 1900 Sheikh Humayd ibn Rashid Al Nuaimi (b. ... - d. 1900)
8 Jul 1900 - Feb 1910 Sheikh `Abd al-`Aziz ibn Humayd
Al Nuaimi (b. 18... - d. 1910)
Feb 1910 - Jan 1928 Sheikh Humayd ibn `Abd al-`Aziz
Al Nuaimi
Jan 1928 - 6 Sep 1981 Sheikh Rashid ibn Humayd Al Nuaimi (b. 1904 - d. 1981)
6 Sep 1981 - Sheikh Humayd ibn Rashid Al Nuaimi (b. 1931)
17.. Al Abu Falasa lineage of Banu Yas clan established in Dubai
Rulers
- Al Abu Falasa dynasty -
... - 9 Jun 1833 Sheikh `Ubayd ibn Said
9 Jun 1833 - 1852 Sheikh Maktum ibn Bati ibn Suhayl (b. ... - d. 1852)
1852 - 1859 Sheikh Said ibn Bati (b. ... - d. 1859)
1859 - 22 Nov 1886 Sheikh Hushur ibn Maktum (b. ... - d. 1886)
22 Nov 1886 - 7 Apr 1894 Sheikh Rashid ibn Maktum (b. ... - d. 1894)
7 Apr 1894 - 16 Feb 1906 Sheikh Maktum ibn Hushur (b. 18... - d. 1906)
16 Feb 1906 - Nov 1912 Sheikh Bati ibn Suhayl (b. 1851 - d. 1912)
Nov 1912 - 15 Apr 1929 Sheikh Said ibn Maktum (1st time) (b. 1878 - d. 1958)
15 Apr 1929 - 18 Apr 1929 Sheikh Mani ibn Rashid
18 Apr 1929 - 10 Sep 1958 Sheikh Said ibn Maktum (2nd time) (s.a.)
10 Sep 1958 - 7 Oct 1990 Sheikh Rashid ibn Said Al Maktum (s.a.)
7 Oct 1990 - 4 Jan 2006 Sheikh Maktum ibn Rashid Al Maktum (s.a.)
4 Jan 2006 - Sheikh Muhammad ibn Rashid Al
Maktum (s.a.)
Mar 1952 recognized
Rulers
1942 - 18 Sep 1974 Sheikh Muhammad ibn Hamad
al-Sharqi (b. 1896 - d. 1974)
18 Sep 1974 - Sheikh Hamad ibn Muhammad
al-Sharqi (b. 1949)
17.. Qawasim clan (Huwayla tribe) established in Ras al-Khaimah
Sep 1900 - 7 Jul 1921 incorporated into Sharjah
Rulers
- Qawasim dynasty -
17.. - 17.. Sheikh Rahman al-Qasimi
17.. - 174. Sheikh Matar ibn Rahman al-Qasimi
174. - 1777 Sheikh Rashid ibn Matar al-Qasimi
1777 - 1803 Sheikh Saqr ibn Rashid al-Qasimi
1803 - 1808 Sheikh Sultan ibn Saqr al-Qasimi
(1st time) (b. ... - d. 1866)
1808 - 1814 Sheikh al-Husayn ibn `Ali
al-Qasimi (acting)
1814 - 1820 Sheikh al-Hasan ibn Rahman
al-Qasimi (acting)
1820 - 1866 Sheikh Sultan ibn Saqr al-Qasimi
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1866 - May 1867 Sheikh Ibrahim ibn Sultan
al-Qasimi
May 1867 - 14 Apr 1868 Sheikh Khalid ibn Sultan al-Qasimi (b. ... - d. 1868)
14 Apr 1868 - 1869 Sheikh Salim ibn Sultan al-Qasimi (b. 18... - d. 1919)
1869 - Aug 1900 Sheikh Humayd ibn Abdullah
al-Qasimi (b. ... - d. 1900)
10 Jul 1921 - Feb 1948 Sheikh Sultan ibn Salim al-Qasimi (b. 1891 - d. 19...)
Feb 1948 - 27 Oct 2010 Sheikh Saqr ibn Muhammad al-Qasimi (b. 1920 - d. 2010)
1999 - 14 Jun 2003 Sheikh Khalid ibn Saqr al-Qasimi (b. 1939?)
(de facto ruler)
14 Jun 2003 - 27 Oct 2010 Sheikh Saud ibn Saqr al-Qasimi (b. 1956)
(de facto ruler)
27 Oct 2010 - Sheikh Saud ibn Saqr al-Qasimi (s.a.)
17.. Qawasim clan (Huwayla tribe) established in Sharjah
Rulers
- Qawasim dynasty -
... - 1840 Sheikh Sultan ibn Saqr al-Qasimi
(1st time) (s.a.)
1840 Sheikh Saqr ibn Sultan al-Qasimi
1840 - 1866 Sheikh Sultan ibn Saqr al-Qasimi
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1866 - 14 Apr 1868 Sheikh Khalid ibn Sultan al-Qasimi (s.a.)
14 Apr 1868 - Mar 1883 Sheikh Salim ibn Sultan al-Qasimi (s.a.)
(jointly with following)
1869 - 1871 Sheikh Ibrahim ibn Sultan al-Qasimi
Mar 1883 - 1914 Sheikh Saqr ibn Khalid al-Qasimi (b. 18... - d. 1914)
13 Apr 1914 - 21 Nov 1924 Sheikh Khalid ibn Ahmad al-Qasimi
21 Nov 1924 - Mar 1951 Sheikh Sultan ibn Saqr al-Qasimi (b. ... - d. 1951)
Mar 1951 - 1 May 1951 Sheikh Muhammad ibn Saqr al-Qasimi (b. 1910)
1 May 1951 - 24 Jun 1965 Sheikh Saqr ibn Sultan al-Qasimi (b. 1925 - d. 1993)
24 Jun 1965 - 24 Jan 1972 Sheikh Khalid ibn Muhammad
al-Qasimi (b. 1931 - d. 1972)
25 Jan 1972 - 1972 Sheikh Saqr ibn Muhammad al-Qasimi
(acting)
1972 - 17 Jun 1987 Sheikh Sultan ibn Muhammad
al-Qasimi (1st time) (b. 1939)
17 Jun 1987 - 23 Jun 1987 Sheikh `Abd al-`Aziz ibn Muhammad
al-Qasimi (b. 1937)
23 Jun 1987 - Sheikh Sultan ibn Muhammad
al-Qasimi (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Dec 1936 recognized
1952 reincorporated into Sharjah
Rulers
- Qawasim dynasty -
1903 - 30 Apr 1937 Sheikh Said ibn Hamad al-Qasimi (b. 18... - d. 1937)
30 Apr 1937 - 1951 Sheikh Hamad ibn Said al-Qasimi (b. ... - d. 1951)
1951 - 1952 Sheikh Saqr ibn Sultan al-Qasimi (s.a.)
1775 Al Mu`alla lineage of Al `Ali clan established in
Umm al-Qaiwain
Rulers
- Al Mu`alla dynasty -
1775 - 17.. Sheikh Majid Al Mu`alla
17.. - 1816 Sheikh Rashid ibn Majid Al Mu`alla
1816 - 1853 Sheikh Abdullah ibn Rashid
Al Mu`alla
1853 - 1873 Sheikh Ali ibn Abdullah Al Mu`alla
1873 - 13 Jun 1904 Sheikh Ahmad ibn Abdullah
Al Mu`alla (b. 18... - d. 1904)
13 Jun 1904 - Aug 1922 Sheikh Rashid ibn Ahmad Al Mu`alla (b. 1875 - d. 1922)
Aug 1922 - Oct 1923 Sheikh Abdullah ibn Rashid
Al Mu`alla
Oct 1923 - 9 Feb 1929 Sheikh Hamad ibn Ibrahim
Al Mu`alla
9 Feb 1929 - 21 Feb 1981 Sheikh Ahmad ibn Rashid Al Mu`alla (b. 1904 - d. 1981)
21 Feb 1981 - 2 Jan 2009 Sheikh Rashid ibn Ahmad Al Mu`alla (b. 1930 - d. 2009)
2 Jan 2009 - Sheikh Saud ibn Rashid Al Mu`alla (b. 1952)
927 Kingdom of England
3 Apr 1603 personal union with Kingdom of Scotland
12 May 1707 (United) Kingdom of Great Britain
1 Jan 1801 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
12 Apr 1927 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(in official, non-statutory use from 6 Dec 1922)
Kings/Queens¹
- Orange dynasty -
23 Feb 1689 - 19 Mar 1702 William III (b. 1650 - d. 1702)
(in Scotland William II)
(jointly with following)
- Stuart dynasty -
23 Feb 1689 - 7 Jan 1695 Mary II (f) (b. 1662 - d. 1695)
19 Mar 1702 - 12 Aug 1714 Anne (f) (b. 1665 - d. 1714)
- Hanover dynasty -
12 Aug 1714 - 22 Jun 1727 George I (b. 1660 - d. 1727)
22 Jun 1727 - 25 Oct 1760 George II (b. 1683 - d. 1760)
26 Oct 1760 - 29 Jan 1820 George III (b. 1738 - d. 1820)
29 Jan 1820 - 26 Jun 1830 George IV (b. 1762 - d. 1830)
(5 Feb 1811 - 29 Jan 1820 prince regent for George III)
26 Jun 1830 - 20 Jun 1837 William IV (b. 1765 - d. 1837)
20 Jun 1837 - 22 Jan 1901 Victoria (f) (b. 1819 - d. 1901)
- Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (from 17 Jul 1917, Windsor) dynasty -
22 Jan 1901 - 6 May 1910 Edward VII (b. 1841 - d. 1910)
6 May 1910 - 20 Jan 1936 George V (b. 1865 - d. 1936)
20 Jan 1936 - 11 Dec 1936 Edward VIII (b. 1894 - d. 1972)
11 Dec 1936 - 6 Feb 1952 George VI (b. 1895 - d. 1952)
6 Feb 1952 - Elizabeth II (f) (b. 1926)
Prime ministers²
26 May 1730 - 22 Feb 1742 Sir Robert Walpole Whg (b. 1676 - d. 1745)
27 Feb 1742 - 13 Jul 1743 Spencer Compton, Earl of
Wilmington Whg (b. 1673? - d. 1743)
7 Sep 1743 - 6 Mar 1754 Henry Pelham Whg (b. 1696 - d. 1754)
16 Mar 1754 - 16 Nov 1756 Thomas Pelham-Holles,
Duke of Newcastle (1st time) Whg (b. 1693 - d. 1768)
16 Nov 1756 - 2 Jul 1757 William Cavendish,
Duke of Devonshire Whg (b. 1720 - d. 1764)
2 Jul 1757 - 26 May 1762 Thomas Pelham-Holles,
Duke of Newcastle (2nd time) Whg (s.a.)
26 May 1762 - 16 Apr 1763 John Stuart, Earl of Bute (b. 1713 - d. 1792)
16 Apr 1763 - 13 Jul 1765 George Grenville (b. 1712 - d. 1770)
13 Jul 1765 - 30 Jul 1766 Charles Watson-Wentworth,
Marquess of Rockingham
(1st time) Whg (b. 1730 - d. 1782)
30 Jul 1766 - 14 Oct 1768 William Pitt, Earl of Chatham (b. 1708 - d. 1778)
14 Oct 1768 - 28 Jan 1770 Augustus Henry Fitzroy,
Duke of Grafton (b. 1735 - d. 1811)
28 Jan 1770 - 22 Mar 1782 Frederick North, Lord North (b. 1732 - d. 1792)
27 Mar 1782 - 1 Jul 1782 Charles Watson-Wentworth,
Marquess of Rockingham
(2nd time) Whg (s.a.)
4 Jul 1782 - 2 Apr 1783 William Petty-Fitzmaurice,
Earl of Shelburne (b. 1737 - d. 1805)
2 Apr 1783 - 19 Dec 1783 William Henry Cavendish
Bentinck, Duke of Portland
(1st time) Whg (b. 1738 - d. 1809)
19 Dec 1783 - 14 Mar 1801 William Pitt the Younger
(1st time) Tor (b. 1759 - d. 1806)
17 Mar 1801 - 10 May 1804 Henry Addington Tor (b. 1757 - d. 1844)
10 May 1804 - 23 Jan 1806 William Pitt the Younger
(2nd time) Tor (s.a.)
11 Feb 1806 - 31 Mar 1807 William Wyndham Grenville,
Baron Grenville (b. 1759 - d. 1834)
31 Mar 1807 - 4 Oct 1809 William Henry Cavendish
Bentinck, Duke of Portland
(2nd time) Whg (s.a.)
4 Oct 1809 - 11 May 1812 Spencer Perceval Tor (b. 1762 - d. 1812)
8 Jun 1812 - 12 Apr 1827 Robert Banks Jenkinson,
Earl of Liverpool Tor (b. 1770 - d. 1828)
12 Apr 1827 - 8 Aug 1827 George Canning Tor (b. 1770 - d. 1827)
31 Aug 1827 - 22 Jan 1828 Frederick John Robinson,
Viscount Goderich Tor (b. 1782 - d. 1859)
22 Jan 1828 - 22 Nov 1830 Arthur Wellesley, Duke of
Wellington (1st time) Tor (b. 1769 - d. 1852)
22 Nov 1830 - 16 Jul 1834 Charles Grey, Earl Grey Whg (b. 1764 - d. 1845)
16 Jul 1834 - 17 Nov 1834 William Lamb, Viscount
Melbourne (1st time) Whg (b. 1779 - d. 1848)
17 Nov 1834 - 10 Dec 1834 Arthur Wellesley, Duke of
Wellington (2nd time) Tor (s.a.)
10 Dec 1834 - 18 Apr 1835 Sir Robert Peel (1st time) Tor (b. 1788 - d. 1850)
18 Apr 1835 - 30 Aug 1841 William Lamb, Viscount
Melbourne (2nd time) Whg (s.a.)
30 Aug 1841 - 30 Jun 1846 Sir Robert Peel (2nd time) Con (s.a.)
30 Jun 1846 - 23 Feb 1852 Lord John Russell (1st time) Lib (b. 1792 - d. 1878)
23 Feb 1852 - 19 Dec 1852 Edward Geoffrey Stanley,
Earl of Derby (1st time) Con (b. 1799 - d. 1869)
19 Dec 1852 - 6 Feb 1855 George Hamilton-Gordon,
Earl of Aberdeen (b. 1784 - d. 1860)
6 Feb 1855 - 20 Feb 1858 Henry John Temple, Viscount
Palmerston (1st time) Lib (b. 1784 - d. 1865)
20 Feb 1858 - 12 Jun 1859 Edward Geoffrey Stanley,
Earl of Derby (2nd time) Con (s.a.)
12 Jun 1859 - 18 Oct 1865 Henry John Temple, Viscount
Palmerston (2nd time) Lib (s.a.)
29 Oct 1865 - 28 Jun 1866 John Russell, Earl Russell
(2nd time) Lib (s.a.)
28 Jun 1866 - 27 Feb 1868 Edward Geoffrey Stanley,
Earl of Derby (3rd time) Con (s.a.)
27 Feb 1868 - 3 Dec 1868 Benjamin Disraeli (1st time) Con (b. 1804 - d. 1881)
3 Dec 1868 - 20 Feb 1874 William Ewart Gladstone
(1st time) Lib (b. 1809 - d. 1898)
20 Feb 1874 - 23 Apr 1880 Benjamin Disraeli, (from
12 Aug 1876) Earl of
Beaconsfield (2nd time) Con (s.a.)
23 Apr 1880 - 23 Jun 1885 William Ewart Gladstone
(2nd time) Lib (s.a.)
23 Jun 1885 - 1 Feb 1886 Robert Arthur Talbot
Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquess of
Salisbury (1st time) Con (b. 1830 - d. 1903)
1 Feb 1886 - 25 Jul 1886 William Ewart Gladstone
(3rd time) Lib (s.a.)
25 Jul 1886 - 15 Aug 1892 Robert Arthur Talbot
Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquess of
Salisbury (2nd time) Con (s.a.)
15 Aug 1892 - 5 Mar 1894 William Ewart Gladstone
(4th time) Lib (s.a.)
5 Mar 1894 - 25 Jun 1895 Archibald Primrose,
Earl of Rosebery Lib (b. 1847 - d. 1929)
25 Jun 1895 - 12 Jul 1902 Robert Arthur Talbot
Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquess of
Salisbury (3rd time) Con (s.a.)
12 Jul 1902 - 5 Dec 1905 Arthur James Balfour Con (b. 1848 - d. 1930)
5 Dec 1905 - 8 Apr 1908 Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman Lib (b. 1836 - d. 1908)
8 Apr 1908 - 7 Dec 1916 H.H. Asquith Lib (b. 1852 - d. 1928)
7 Dec 1916 - 23 Oct 1922 David Lloyd George Lib (b. 1863 - d. 1945)
23 Oct 1922 - 22 May 1923 Bonar Law Con (b. 1858 - d. 1923)
22 May 1923 - 22 Jan 1924 Stanley Baldwin (1st time) Con (b. 1867 - d. 1947)
22 Jan 1924 - 4 Nov 1924 Ramsay MacDonald (1st time) Lab (b. 1866 - d. 1937)
4 Nov 1924 - 5 Jun 1929 Stanley Baldwin (2nd time) Con (s.a.)
5 Jun 1929 - 7 Jun 1935 Ramsay MacDonald (2nd time) Lab (s.a.)
7 Jun 1935 - 28 May 1937 Stanley Baldwin (3rd time) Con (s.a.)
28 May 1937 - 10 May 1940 Neville Chamberlain Con (b. 1869 - d. 1940)
10 May 1940 - 26 Jul 1945 Winston Churchill (1st time) Con (b. 1874 - d. 1965)
26 Jul 1945 - 26 Oct 1951 Clement Attlee Lab (b. 1883 - d. 1967)
26 Oct 1951 - 6 Apr 1955 Winston Churchill (from 24 Apr
1953, Sir Winston Churchill)
(2nd time) Con (s.a.)
6 Apr 1955 - 10 Jan 1957 Sir Anthony Eden Con (b. 1897 - d. 1977)
10 Jan 1957 - 19 Oct 1963 Harold Macmillan Con (b. 1894 - d. 1986)
19 Oct 1963 - 16 Oct 1964 Alexander Frederick
Douglas-Home, Earl of Home
(from 23 Oct 1963,
Sir Alec Douglas-Home) Con (b. 1903 - d. 1995)
16 Oct 1964 - 19 Jun 1970 Harold Wilson (1st time) Lab (b. 1916 - d. 1995)
19 Jun 1970 - 4 Mar 1974 Edward Heath Con (b. 1916 - d. 2005)
4 Mar 1974 - 5 Apr 1976 Harold Wilson (2nd time) Lab (s.a.)
5 Apr 1976 - 4 May 1979 James Callaghan Lab (b. 1912 - d. 2005)
4 May 1979 - 28 Nov 1990 Margaret Thatcher (f) Con (b. 1925 - d. 2013)
28 Nov 1990 - 2 May 1997 John Major Con (b. 1943)
2 May 1997 - 27 Jun 2007 Tony Blair Lab (b. 1953)
27 Jun 2007 - 11 May 2010 Gordon Brown Lab (b. 1951)
11 May 2010 - David Cameron Con (b. 1966)
Party abbreviations: Con=Conservative, DUP=Democratic Unionist Party, Lab=Labour, Lib=Liberal, LD=Liberal Democrat, SNP=Scottish National Party, Tor=Tory, UUP=Ulster Unionist Party, Whg=Whig. Before the development of the Conservative and Liberal parties in the mid-19th century, parties were largely simply alliances of prominent groups or aristocratic families. The designations Whig and Tory tend often to be approximate.
Governors
12 Dec 1922 - 7 Sep 1945 James Albert Edward Hamilton,
Duke of Abercorn (b. 1869 - d. 1953)
7 Sep 1945 - 1 Dec 1952 William Spencer Leveson Gower,
Earl Granville (b. 1880 - d. 1953)
3 Dec 1952 - 1 Dec 1964 John de Vere Loder,
Baron Wakehurst (b. 1895 - d. 1970)
3 Dec 1964 - 2 Dec 1968 John Maxwell Erskine,
Baron Erskine of Rerrick (b. 1893 - d. 1980)
3 Dec 1968 - 18 Jul 1973 Ralph Francis Alnwick Grey,
Baron Grey of Naunton (b. 1910 - d. 1999)
Prime ministers
7 Jun 1921 - 24 Nov 1940 Sir James Craig (from 20 Jan
1927, James Craig, Viscount
Craigavon) UUP (b. 1871 - d. 1940)
24 Nov 1940 - 1 May 1943 John Miller Andrews UUP (b. 1871 - d. 1956)
(acting to 27 Nov 1940)
1 May 1943 - 26 Mar 1963 Sir Basil Stanlake Brooke
(from 1952, Basil Stanlake
Brooke, Viscount Brookeborough
of Colebrooke) UUP (b. 1888 - d. 1973)
26 Mar 1963 - 1 May 1969 Terence O'Neill UUP (b. 1914 - d. 1990)
1 May 1969 - 23 Mar 1971 James Chichester-Clark UUP (b. 1923 - d. 2002)
23 Mar 1971 - 30 Mar 1972 Brian Faulkner UUP (b. 1921 - d. 1977)
Chief executive
1 Jan 1974 - 28 May 1974 Brian Faulkner UUP (s.a.)
First ministers
1 Jul 1998 - 1 Jul 2001 David Trimble (1st time) UUP (b. 1944)
(suspended 11 Feb - 30 May 2000)
1 Jul 2001 - 18 Oct 2001 Sir Reg Empey (acting) UUP (b. 1947)
(suspended 10-11 Aug 2001 and 22-23 Sep 2001)
6 Nov 2001 - 15 Oct 2002 David Trimble (2nd time) UUP (s.a.)
8 May 2007 - 5 Jun 2008 Ian Paisley DUP (b. 1926 - d. 2014)
5 Jun 2008 - Peter Robinson DUP (b. 1948)
11 Jan 2010 - 3 Feb 2010 Arlene Foster (f) DUP (b. 1970)
(acting for Robinson)
First ministers
17 May 1999 - 11 Oct 2000 Donald Dewar Lab (b. 1937 - d. 2000)
11 Oct 2000 - 26 Oct 2000 Jim Wallace (1st time) LD (b. 1954)
(acting)
26 Oct 2000 - 8 Nov 2001 Henry McLeish Lab (b. 1948)
8 Nov 2001 - 22 Nov 2001 Jim Wallace (2nd time) LD (s.a.)
(acting)
22 Nov 2001 - 17 May 2007 Jack McConnell Lab (b. 1960)
17 May 2007 - 19 Nov 2014 Alex Salmond SNP (b. 1954)
19 Nov 2014 - Nicola Sturgeon (f) SNP (b. 1970)
First secretaries (from 16 Oct 2000, first ministers)
12 May 1999 - 9 Feb 2000 Alun Michael Lab (b. 1943)
9 Feb 2000 - 10 Dec 2009 Rhodri Morgan Lab (b. 1939)
(acting to 15 Feb 2000)
10 Dec 2009 - Carwyn Jones Lab (b. 1967)
4 Jul 1776 independence declared (United States of America)
(Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia)
2 Mar 1781 Articles of Confederation effective
3 Sep 1783 independence recognized by Britain
4 Mar 1789 Constitution effective; 11 of the 13 original states have
ratified it by that time
21 Nov 1789 North Carolina ratifies Constitution
29 May 1790 Rhode Island ratifies Constitution
Presidents of the ("Continental") Congress
5 Sep 1774 - 22 Oct 1774 Peyton Randolph (1st time) (b. 1721 - d. 1775)
22 Oct 1774 - 26 Oct 1774 Henry Middleton (b. 1717 - d. 1784)
10 May 1775 - 24 May 1775 Peyton Randolph (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 May 1775 - 29 Oct 1777 John Hancock (b. 1737 - d. 1793)
29 Oct 1777 - 1 Nov 1777 Charles Thomson (acting) (b. 1729 - d. 1824)
1 Nov 1777 - 9 Dec 1778 Henry Laurens (b. 1724 - d. 1792)
10 Dec 1778 - 28 Sep 1779 John Jay (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
28 Sep 1779 - 2 Mar 1781 Samuel Huntington (b. 1731 - d. 1796)
Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled
2 Mar 1781 - 10 Jul 1781 Samuel Huntington (s.a.)
10 Jul 1781 - 4 Nov 1781 Thomas McKean (b. 1734 - d. 1817)
5 Nov 1781 - 3 Nov 1782 John Hanson (b. 1721 - d. 1783)
4 Nov 1782 - 2 Nov 1783 Elias Boudinot (b. 1740 - d. 1821)
3 Nov 1783 - 31 Oct 1784 Thomas Mifflin (b. 1744 - d. 1800)
3 Nov 1783 - 13 Dec 1783 Daniel Carroll (b. 1730 - d. 1796)
(acting for Mifflin)
30 Nov 1784 - 6 Nov 1785 Richard Henry Lee (b. 1732 - d. 1794)
23 Nov 1785 - 5 Jun 1786 John Hancock (s.a.)
23 Nov 1785 - 12 May 1786 David Ramsay (b. 1749 - d. 1815)
(acting for Hancock)
15 May 1786 - 5 Nov 1786 Nathaniel Gorham (b. 1738 - d. 1796)
(acting for Hancock to 5 Jun 1786)
2 Feb 1787 - 4 Nov 1787 Arthur St. Clair (b. 1736 - d. 1818)
22 Jan 1788 - 2 Nov 1788 Cyrus Griffin (b. 1748 - d. 1810)
Presidents¹
30 Apr 1789 - 4 Mar 1797 George Washington (b. 1732 - d. 1799)
4 Mar 1797 - 4 Mar 1801 John Adams Fed (b. 1735 - d. 1826)
4 Mar 1801 - 4 Mar 1809 Thomas Jefferson D-R (b. 1743 - d. 1826)
4 Mar 1809 - 4 Mar 1817 James Madison D-R (b. 1751 - d. 1836)
4 Mar 1817 - 4 Mar 1825 James Monroe D-R (b. 1758 - d. 1831)
4 Mar 1825 - 4 Mar 1829 John Quincy Adams D-R (b. 1767 - d. 1848)
4 Mar 1829 - 4 Mar 1837 Andrew Jackson Dem (b. 1767 - d. 1845)
4 Mar 1837 - 4 Mar 1841 Martin Van Buren Dem (b. 1782 - d. 1862)
4 Mar 1841 - 4 Apr 1841 William Henry Harrison Whg (b. 1773 - d. 1841)
4 Apr 1841 - 4 Mar 1845 John Tyler Whg (b. 1790 - d. 1862)
4 Mar 1845 - 4 Mar 1849 James K. Polk Dem (b. 1795 - d. 1849)
4 Mar 1849 - 9 Jul 1850 Zachary Taylor Whg (b. 1784 - d. 1850)
9 Jul 1850 - 4 Mar 1853 Millard Fillmore Whg (b. 1800 - d. 1874)
4 Mar 1853 - 4 Mar 1857 Franklin Pierce Dem (b. 1804 - d. 1869)
4 Mar 1857 - 4 Mar 1861 James Buchanan Dem (b. 1791 - d. 1868)
4 Mar 1861 - 15 Apr 1865 Abraham Lincoln Rep (b. 1809 - d. 1865)
15 Apr 1865 - 4 Mar 1869 Andrew Johnson Dem (b. 1808 - d. 1875)
4 Mar 1869 - 4 Mar 1877 Ulysses S. Grant Rep (b. 1822 - d. 1885)
4 Mar 1877 - 4 Mar 1881 Rutherford B. Hayes Rep (b. 1822 - d. 1893)
4 Mar 1881 - 19 Sep 1881 James A. Garfield Rep (b. 1831 - d. 1881)
19 Sep 1881 - 4 Mar 1885 Chester A. Arthur Rep (b. 1829 - d. 1886)
4 Mar 1885 - 4 Mar 1889 Grover Cleveland (1st time) Dem (b. 1837 - d. 1908)
4 Mar 1889 - 4 Mar 1893 Benjamin Harrison Rep (b. 1833 - d. 1901)
4 Mar 1893 - 4 Mar 1897 Grover Cleveland (2nd time) Dem (s.a.)
4 Mar 1897 - 14 Sep 1901 William McKinley Rep (b. 1843 - d. 1901)
14 Sep 1901 - 4 Mar 1909 Theodore Roosevelt Rep (b. 1858 - d. 1919)
4 Mar 1909 - 4 Mar 1913 William Howard Taft Rep (b. 1857 - d. 1930)
4 Mar 1913 - 4 Mar 1921 Woodrow Wilson Dem (b. 1856 - d. 1924)
4 Mar 1921 - 2 Aug 1923 Warren G. Harding Rep (b. 1865 - d. 1923)
2 Aug 1923 - 4 Mar 1929 Calvin Coolidge Rep (b. 1872 - d. 1933)
4 Mar 1929 - 4 Mar 1933 Herbert Hoover Rep (b. 1874 - d. 1964)
4 Mar 1933 - 12 Apr 1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt Dem (b. 1882 - d. 1945)
12 Apr 1945 - 20 Jan 1953 Harry S. Truman Dem (b. 1884 - d. 1972)
20 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower Rep (b. 1890 - d. 1969)
20 Jan 1961 - 22 Nov 1963 John F. Kennedy Dem (b. 1917 - d. 1963)
22 Nov 1963 - 20 Jan 1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Dem (b. 1908 - d. 1973)
20 Jan 1969 - 9 Aug 1974 Richard M. Nixon Rep (b. 1913 - d. 1994)
9 Aug 1974 - 20 Jan 1977 Gerald R. Ford Rep (b. 1913 - d. 2006)
20 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Jimmy Carter Dem (b. 1924)
20 Jan 1981 - 20 Jan 1989 Ronald Reagan Rep (b. 1911 - d. 2004)
20 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 George Bush Rep (b. 1924)
20 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 Bill Clinton Dem (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2009 George W. Bush Rep (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2009 - Barack Obama Dem (b. 1961)
Party abbreviations: Dem=Democratic, D-R=Democratic-Republican, Fed=Federalist, Rep=Republican, Whg=Whig
8 Feb 1861 Confederate States of America founded by Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina
5 Mar 1861 accession of Texas
20 May 1861 accession of Arkansas and North Carolina
23 May 1861 accession of Virginia
22 Jul 1861 accession of Tennessee
28 Nov 1861 accession of Missouri
10 Dec 1861 accession of Kentucky
President of the Congress
8 Feb 1861 - 18 Feb 1861 Howell Cobb (b. 1815 - d. 1868)
President
18 Feb 1861 - 10 May 1865 Jefferson Davis Dem (b. 1808 - d. 1889)
25 Aug 1825 independence from Brazil and reincorporation into the
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata declared
(Provincia Oriental del Río de la Plata¹, also styled
Province of Montevideo)
8 Mar 1826 - 17 Aug 1827 provincial autonomy interrupted by United Provinces
government
1 Dec 1828 secession from United Provinces (State of Montevideo)
18 Jul 1830 República Oriental del Uruguay¹ (before 1 Mar 1919 also
styled Estado Oriental del Uruguay¹)
Governors
25 Aug 1825 - 8 Mar 1826 Juan Antonio Lavalleja (1st time) (b. 1784 - d. 1853)
17 Aug 1827 - 1 Dec 1828 Juan Antonio Lavalleja (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Dec 1828 - 22 Dec 1828 Joaquín Suárez de Rondelo (b. 1781 - d. 1868)
(substitute)
22 Dec 1828 - 17 Apr 1830 José Rondeau (provisional) (b. 1775 - d. 1844)
17 Apr 1830 - 24 Oct 1830 Juan Antonio Lavalleja (3rd time) (s.a.)
(provisional)
Presidents
24 Oct 1830 - 6 Nov 1830 Luis Eduardo Pérez (acting) (b. 1774 - d. 1841)
6 Nov 1830 - 24 Oct 1834 Fructuoso Rivera (1st time) (b. 1789? - d. 1854)
24 Oct 1834 - 1 Mar 1835 Carlos Anaya (acting) (b. 1777 - d. 1862)
1 Mar 1835 - 24 Oct 1838 Manuel Oribe (1st time) (b. 1792 - d. 1857)
24 Oct 1838 - 11 Nov 1838 Gabriel Antonio Pereira (1st time) (b. 1794 - d. 1861)
(acting)
11 Nov 1838 - 28 Feb 1839 Fructuoso Rivera (2nd time) (s.a.)
(General of Constitutional Army)
28 Feb 1839 - 25 Mar 1839 Gabriel Antonio Pereira (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
25 Mar 1839 - 1 Mar 1843 Fructuoso Rivera (3rd time) (s.a.)
16 Feb 1843 - 8 Oct 1851 Manuel Oribe (2nd time) (s.a.)
(in opposition during civil war)
1 Mar 1843 - 15 Feb 1852 Joaquín Suárez de Rondelo (acting) (s.a.)
15 Feb 1852 - 1 Mar 1852 Bernardo P. Berro (1st time) (b. 1803 - d. 1868)
(acting)
1 Mar 1852 - 24 Sep 1853 Juan Francisco Giró (b. 1791 - d. 1863)
26 Sep 1853 - 12 Mar 1854 Provisional Government
- Juan Antonio Lavalleja (s.a.)
(to 22 Oct 1853)
- Venancio Flores (b. 1808 - d. 1868)
12 Mar 1854 - 10 Sep 1855 Venancio Flores (1st time) (s.a.)
29 Aug 1855 - 11 Sep 1855 Luis Lamas (in rebellion) (b. 1793 - d. 1864)
11 Sep 1855 - 15 Feb 1856 Manuel Basilio Bustamante (acting) (b. 1785 - d. 1863)
15 Feb 1856 - 1 Mar 1856 José María Plá (acting) (b. 1794 - d. 1869)
1 Mar 1856 - 1 Mar 1860 Gabriel Antonio Pereira (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Mar 1860 - 1 Mar 1864 Bernardo P. Berro (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Mar 1864 - 15 Feb 1865 Atanasio Aguirre (acting) (b. 1801 - d. 1875)
16 Feb 1865 - 20 Feb 1865 Tomás Villalba (b. 1805 - d. 1886)
20 Feb 1865 - 15 Feb 1868 Venancio Flores (2nd time) (s.a.)
(Provisional Governor)
15 Feb 1868 - 1 Mar 1868 Pedro Varela (1st time) (acting) (b. 1837 - d. 1906)
1 Mar 1868 - 1 Mar 1872 Lorenzo Batlle (b. 1810 - d. 1887)
1 Mar 1872 - 15 Feb 1873 Tomás Gomensoro (acting) (b. 1810 - d. 1900)
15 Feb 1873 - 15 Jan 1875 José Eugenio Ellauri (b. 1834 - d. 1894)
(acting to 1 Mar 1873)
15 Jan 1875 - 22 Jan 1875 Pedro Varela (2nd time) (s.a.)
(Provisional Governor)
22 Jan 1875 Pedro E. Carve (acting) (b. 1839 - d. 1894)
22 Jan 1875 - 10 Mar 1876 Pedro Varela (3rd time) (s.a.)
10 Mar 1876 - 14 Feb 1879 Lorenzo Latorre (1st time) (b. 1844 - d. 1916)
(Provisional Governor)
14 Feb 1879 - 1 Mar 1879 Francisco Antonino Vidal
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1827 - d. 1889)
1 Mar 1879 - 15 Mar 1880 Lorenzo Latorre (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Mar 1880 - 28 Feb 1882 Francisco Antonino Vidal
(2nd time) (acting to 16 Mar 1880) (s.a.)
28 Feb 1882 - 1 Mar 1882 Alberto Flangini (acting) (b. 1824 - d. 1900)
1 Mar 1882 - 1 Mar 1886 Máximo Santos (1st time) (b. 1847 - d. 1889)
1 Mar 1886 - 24 May 1886 Francisco Antonino Vidal
(3rd time) (s.a.)
24 May 1886 - 18 Nov 1886 Máximo Santos (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
18 Nov 1886 - 1 Mar 1890 Máximo Tajes (b. 1852 - d. 1912)
1 Mar 1890 - 1 Mar 1894 Julio Herrera y Obes (b. 1841 - d. 1912)
1 Mar 1894 - 21 Mar 1894 Duncan Stéwart (acting) (b. 1833 - d. 1923)
21 Mar 1894 - 25 Aug 1897 Juan Idiarte Borda (b. 1844 - d. 1897)
25 Aug 1897 - 15 Feb 1899 Juan Lindolfo Cuestas (1st time) (b. 1837 - d. 1905)
(acting to 10 Feb 1898, then provisional)
15 Feb 1899 - 1 Mar 1899 José Batlle y Ordóñez (1st time) (b. 1856 - d. 1929)
(acting)
1 Mar 1899 - 1 Mar 1903 Juan Lindolfo Cuestas (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Mar 1903 - 1 Mar 1907 José Batlle y Ordóñez (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Mar 1907 - 1 Mar 1911 Claudio Wílliman (b. 1863 - d. 1934)
1 Mar 1911 - 1 Mar 1915 José Batlle y Ordóñez (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Mar 1915 - 1 Mar 1919 Feliciano Viera (b. 1872 - d. 1927)
1 Mar 1919 - 1 Mar 1923 Baltasar Brum (b. 1883 - d. 1933)
1 Mar 1923 - 1 Mar 1927 José Serrato (b. 1868 - d. 1960)
1 Mar 1927 - 1 Mar 1931 Juan Campisteguy (b. 1859 - d. 1937)
1 Mar 1931 - 19 Jun 1938 Gabriel Terra (b. 1873 - d. 1942)
19 Jun 1938 - 1 Mar 1943 Alfredo Baldomir (b. 1884 - d. 1948)
1 Mar 1943 - 1 Mar 1947 Juan José de Amézaga (b. 1881 - d. 1956)
1 Mar 1947 - 2 Aug 1947 Tomás Berreta (b. 1875 - d. 1947)
2 Aug 1947 - 1 Mar 1951 Luis Batlle Berres (b. 1897 - d. 1964)
1 Mar 1951 - 1 Mar 1952 Andrés Martínez Trueba (b. 1884 - d. 1959)
Presidents of the National Council of Government
1 Mar 1952 - 1 Mar 1955 Andrés Martínez Trueba (s.a.)
1 Mar 1955 - 1 Mar 1956 Luis Batlle Berres (s.a.)
1 Mar 1956 - 1 Mar 1957 Alberto Fermín Zubiría (b. 1901 - d. 1971)
1 Mar 1957 - 1 Mar 1958 Arturo Lezama (b. 1899 - d. 1964)
1 Mar 1958 - 1 Mar 1959 Carlos L. Fischer (b. 1903 - d. 1969)
1 Mar 1959 - 1 Mar 1960 Martín R. Echegoyen (b. 1891 - d. 1974)
1 Mar 1960 - 1 Mar 1961 Benito Nardone (b. 1906 - d. 1964)
1 Mar 1961 - 1 Mar 1962 Eduardo Víctor Haedo (b. 1901 - d. 1970)
1 Mar 1962 - 1 Mar 1963 Faustino Harrison (b. 1900 - d. 1963)
1 Mar 1963 - 1 Mar 1964 Daniel Fernández Crespo (b. 1901 - d. 1964)
1 Mar 1964 - 7 Feb 1965 Luis Giannattasio (b. 1894 - d. 1965)
8 Feb 1965 - 1 Mar 1966 Washington Beltrán (b. 1914 - d. 2003)
1 Mar 1966 - 1 Mar 1967 Alberto Heber Usher (b. 1916 - d. 1981)
Presidents
1 Mar 1967 - 6 Dec 1967 Óscar Diego Gestido (b. 1901 - d. 1967)
6 Dec 1967 - 1 Mar 1972 Jorge Pacheco Areco (b. 1920 - d. 1998)
1 Mar 1972 - 12 Jun 1976 Juan María Bordaberry (b. 1928 - d. 2011)
12 Jun 1976 - 1 Sep 1976 Alberto Demicheli (b. 1896 - d. 1980)
1 Sep 1976 - 1 Sep 1981 Aparicio Méndez (b. 1904 - d. 1988)
1 Sep 1981 - 12 Feb 1985 Gregorio Conrado Álvarez Armelino (b. 1925)
12 Feb 1985 - 1 Mar 1985 Rafael Addiego Bruno (acting) (b. 1923 - d. 2014)
1 Mar 1985 - 1 Mar 1990 Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo
(1st time) (b. 1936)
1 Mar 1990 - 1 Mar 1995 Luis Alberto Lacalle (b. 1941)
1 Mar 1995 - 1 Mar 2000 Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Mar 2000 - 1 Mar 2005 Jorge Batlle (b. 1927)
1 Mar 2005 - 1 Mar 2010 Tabaré Vázquez (1st time) (b. 1940)
1 Mar 2010 - 1 Mar 2015 José Mujica (b. 1935)
1 Mar 2015 - Tabaré Vázquez (2nd time) (s.a.)
Chairmen of the National Council of Administration
1 Mar 1919 - 1 Mar 1921 Feliciano Viera (s.a.)
1 Mar 1921 - 1 Mar 1923 José Batlle y Ordóñez (1st time) (s.a.)
1 Mar 1923 - 1 Mar 1925 Julio María Sosa (b. 1879 - d. 1931)
1 Mar 1925 - 1 Mar 1927 Luis Alberto de Herrera (b. 1873 - d. 1959)
1 Mar 1927 - 16 Feb 1928 José Batlle y Ordóñez (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Feb 1928 - 1 Mar 1929 Luis C. Caviglia (b. 1874 - d. 1951)
1 Mar 1929 - 1 Mar 1931 Baltasar Brum (s.a.)
1 Mar 1931 - 1 Mar 1933 Juan P. Fabini (b. 1876 - d. 1962)
1 Mar 1933 - 31 Mar 1933 Antonio Rubio (b. 1882 - d. 1953)
¹There is a problem of translation here with regard to the word Oriental (essential for national identification: question: ¿nacionalidad? answer: oriental). República Oriental del Uruguay, for example, literally means Republic East of the Uruguay, but it is also often translated as Oriental Republic of Uruguay.
1747 - 1756 Persian occupation
1785 emirate
2 Sep 1920 Bukharan Soviet Republic
18 Oct 1920 Bukharan People's Soviet Republic
19 Sep 1924 Bukharan Soviet Socialist Republic
17 Feb 1925 incorporation into Uzbekistan
Khans
1681 - 1702 Subhan Quli Khan
1702 - 1711 `Ubayd Allah Khan
1711 - 1747 Abu al-Fa´id Khan
Governors (or regents) (under Persian occupation)
1747 - 1751 `Abd al-Mu´min Khan
1751 - 1754 `Ubayd Allah Khan
1754 - 1756 Shir Ghazi Khan
Emirs
- Manqit dynasty -
1753 - 24 Mar 1758 Muhammad Rahim Khan (b. 1709 - d. 1758)
(initially in opposition to the occupation)
1758 - 1785 Daniyal Biy Atalyq (b. ... - d. 1785)
1785 - 13 Dec 1799 Shah Murad Khan
Dec 1799 - Jan 1826 Haydar Tura Khan
Jan 1826 - Mar 1826 Husayn Khan (b. 1797 - d. 1826)
Mar 1826 - 22 Mar 1826 `Umar Khan (b. ... - d. 1826)
22 Mar 1826 - 21 Sep 1860 Nasr Allah Bahadur Khan (b. 1806 - d. 1860)
23 Sep 1860 - 12 Nov 1885 Muzaffar ad-Din Bahadur Khan (b. 1819 - d. 1885)
12 Nov 1885 - 3 Jan 1911 `Abd al-Ahad Khan (b. 1859 - d. 1911)
3 Jan 1911 - 30 Aug 1920 Muhammad `Alim Khan (b. 1881 - d. 1944)
Chairmen of the Provisional (from 6 Oct 1920, Central) Revolutionary Committee
2 Sep 1920 - 1921 Mirza Abdulqodir Mansurovich
Mukhitdinov (b. 1892 - d. 1934)
1921 - 23 Sep 1921 Polat Usmon Khodzhayev
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee
23 Sep 1921 - Apr 1922 Polat Usmon Khodzhayev
Apr 1922 - 18 Aug 1922 Muin Jon Aminov (b. 1890 - d. af.1922)
18 Aug 1922 - 17 Feb 1925 Porsa Khodzhayev
169. Khanate of Farghana
1732 capital established at Khuqand
1841 - Jun 1842 annexed by Bukhara
1852 - 1853 annexed by Bukhara
19 Feb 1876 incorporated into Russia
5 Dec 1924 incorporated into Uzbekistan
Khans
- Ming dynasty -
1800 - 1809 `Alim Khan
1809 - 1822 Muhammad `Umar Khan
(styled Amir al-Muslimin from 1814)
1822 - 1841 Muhammad `Ali Khan
Jun 1842 - 1845 Shir `Ali Khan
1845 Murad Beg Khan
1845 - 1852 Muhammad Khudayar Khan (1st time)
1853 - 1858 Muhammad Khudayar Khan (2nd time)
1858 - 1 Mar 1862 Muhammad Malla Beg Khan
1862 Shah Murad Khan
1862 - 1863 Muhammad Khudayar Khan (3rd time)
1863 - Jul 1865 Muhammad Sultan Khan (1st time)
1865 Bil Bahchi Khan
1865 - 1866 Muhammad Sultan Khan (2nd time)
1866 - 22 Jul 1875 Muhammad Khudayar Khan (4th time)
1875 Nasir ad-Din Khan (1st time)
1875 - Dec 1875 Muhammad Pulad Beg Khan
Dec 1875 - 19 Feb 1876 Nasir ad-Din Khan (2nd time)
1511 khanate
30 Apr 1920 Khorazmian People's Soviet Republic
20 Oct 1923 Khorazmian Soviet Socialist Republic
17 Feb 1925 incorporation into Uzbekistan
Khans
- Banu Gha´ip dynasty -
1747 - 1750 Gha´ip Khan
1750 - 1753 `Abd Allah Qarabay Khan
1753 - 1764 Sultan Timur Ghazi Khan
1764 - 1791 Gha´ip Khan ibn Gha´ip Khan
1791 - 1804 Abu´l Ghazi Khan ibn Gha´ip Khan
(1st time)
- Qunghirat dynasty -
1804 - 1806 Iltazar Inaq Khan ibn Iwaz Inaq Biy
- Banu Gha´ip dynasty -
1806 Abu´l Ghazi Khan ibn Gha´ip Khan
(2nd time)
- Qunghirat dynasty -
Dec 1806 - 1825 Muhammad Rahim Bahadur Khan
1825 - 1842 Allah Quli Bahadur Khan
1842 - 30 Jan 1846 Muhammad Rahim Quli Khan
30 Jan 1846 - Mar 1855 Abu´l Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur
Khan
Mar 1855 - 1 Sep 1855 `Abd Allah Khan
Sep 1855 - Ja/Fe 1856 Qutlugh Muhammad Murad Bahadur Khan
1856 Mahmud Khan
1856 - Sep 1864 Muhammad Khan
10 Sep 1864 - Au/Se 1910 Muhammad Rahim Bahadur Khan (b. 1845? - d. 1910)
Sep 1910 - 1 Oct 1918 Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur Khan (b. 1871 - d. 1918)
Oct 1918 - 1 Feb 1920 `Abd Allah Khan (b. 18... - d. 1920)
Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee
2 Feb 1920 - Mar 1920 Hoji Pahlavon Niyoz Yusuf
Chairman of the Provisional Government
Mar 1920 - 30 Apr 1920 Jumaniyoz Sulton Muradoghli
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Assembly of People's Representatives
30 Apr 1920 - 6 Mar 1921 Hoji Pahlavon Niyoz Yusuf
6 Mar 1921 - 15 May 1921 Qoch Qoroghli
(chairman Provisional Revolutionary Committee)
15 May 1921 - 23 May 1921 Khudoybergan Divanoghli
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee
23 May 1921 - Jun 1921 Mulla Nozir
Jun 1921 - Sep 1921 Allabergan
Sep 1921 - 27 Nov 1921 Ata Maqsum Madrahimoghli
27 Nov 1921 - 23 Jun 1922 Jangibay Murodoghli
23 Jun 1922 - 20 Oct 1923 Abdulla Abdurahmon Khojaoghli
20 Oct 1923 - 1924 K. Safaroghli
1924 Sultonkari Jumaniyoz
1924 - 17 Feb 1925 Temurkhoja Yaminoghli
5 Dec 1924 Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic inaugurated 13 May 1925 accession to the Soviet Union (see Soviet republics) 31 Aug 1991 Republic of Uzbekistan 25 Dec 1991 final independence (dissolution of the Soviet Union) Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee 5 Dec 1924 - 17 Feb 1925 Fayzulla Khodzhayev (b. 1896 - d. 1938) Chairman of the Central Executive Committee 17 Feb 1925 - 19 Jul 1938 Yoldosh Okhunboboyev (b. 1885 - d. 1943) President 24 Mar 1990 - Islam Karimov (b. 1938)
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars 17 Feb 1925 - 17 Jun 1937 Fayzulla Khodzhayev (s.a.) Prime ministers 13 Jan 1992 - 21 Dec 1995 Abdulkhashim Mutalov (b. 1947) 21 Dec 1995 - 11 Dec 2003 Otkir Sultonov (b. 1939) 11 Dec 2003 - Shavkat Mirziyayev (b. 1957)
1991 Republic of Karakalpakstan autonomous within Uzbekistan
President
Nov 1991 - May 1992 Dauletbay Shamshetov (b. 1948)
Chairmen of parliament
May 1992 - 17 Jul 1997 Ubbiniyaz Ashirbekov (b. 1944)
17 Jul 1997 - 3 May 2002 Timur Kamalov (b. 1938)
3 May 2002 - Musa Erniyazov (b. 1947)
Prime ministers
1989 - 1992 Amin Tojiyev (1st time)
1992 - 1995 Rejepbay Yuldashev
Feb 1995 - Dec 1995 Bakhrom Jumaniyazov
Dec 1995 - Oct 1998 Saparbay Avezmatov
Oct 1998 - 7 Oct 2002 Amin Tojiyev (2nd time)
7 Oct 2002 - 3 Mar 2006 Tursunbay Tangirbergenov
3 Mar 2006 - Bakhodir Yangiboyev (b. 1960)