Chóng-thóng
Chóng-thóng (Eng-gí: President) sī kiōng-hô-kok kok-ka ê thâu-lâng, it-poaⁿ-tek lâi-kóng chóng-thóng sī soán-kí sán-seng--ê.
Tī chóng-thóng-chè ê kok-ka, chóng-thóng sī kok-ka ê thâu-lâng mā-sī chèng-hú ê chòe-ko léng-tō-jîn.
Tī lōe-koh-chè ê kiōng-hô-kok, chóng-thóng sui-bóng sī kok-ka ê thâu-lâng, m̄-ko m̄-sī chèng-hú si̍t-chè ê léng-tō-jîn, ī hiáng-iú ê hêng-chèng-khoân chin-chió. Ū-ê kok-ka ê chóng-thóng sīm-chhiáⁿ oân-choân bō hêng-chèng-khoân, chí-sī chiâⁿ-chò 1-hāng mîa-gū nā-niā.
Ū 1 koá kok-ka, kā chit-ê chi̍t-ūi kiò chò "kok-ka chú-sek".
Gí-goân[siu-kái]
"Chóng-thóng" chi̍t khai-sí sī tùi Bí-kok ê léng-siù "president" ê chi̍t chióng hoan-e̍k. President ê ì-sù sī "presides ê lâng", tio̍h sī "chē tī thâu-lâng ūi ê lâng"; jī-goân sī Latin-gí ê "pre-" (thâu-chêng) kap "-sedere" (chē). Hiān-chāi ê Eng-gí "president" bô it-tēng sī kok-ka ê thâu-lâng. Ha̍k-hāu, kong-si kap koh chióng cho͘-chit lóng ē-sái siat "president". Chit-ê sû ū-sî mā hoan chò "chú-se̍k".
Tû-liáu "chóng-thóng" í-goā, "president" tī í-chá ê Tiong-kok ū chin chē bô-kâng ê kóng-hoat, chhan-chhiūⁿ "peh-lí-sí-thian-tek" (伯理璽天德) téng-téng.
Tī hiān-tāi ê Ji̍t-pún kap Hân-kok, he̍k-chiá sī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ê Tâi-oân, chóng-thóng hō chò "tāi-thóng-léng" (Daitôryô; Taet‘ongnyŏng; Hàn-jī: 大統領).
