January 11

January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 354 days remaining until the end of the year (355 in leap years).

Events

• 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
• 1055 – Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
• 1158 – Vladislav II becomes King of Bohemia.
• 1569 – First recorded lottery in England.
• 1571 – Austrian nobility is granted freedom of religion.
• 1693 – A powerful earthquake destroys parts of Sicily and Malta.
• 1759 – In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the first American life insurance company is incorporated.
• 1779 – Ching-Thang Khomba is crowned King of Manipur.
• 1782 – American Revolutionary War: French troops begin a siege of a British garrison on Brimstone Hill in Saint Kitts.
• 1787 – William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, two moons of Uranus.
• 1805 – The Michigan Territory is created.
• 1861 – Alabama secedes from the United States.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post – General John McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union.
• 1863 – American Civil War: CSS Alabama encounters and sinks the USS Hatteras off Galveston Lighthouse in Texas.
• 1866 – SS London, an English steamship which sank in the Bay of Biscay
• 1879 – The Anglo-Zulu War begins.
• 1908 – Grand Canyon National Monument is created.
• 1912 – Immigrant textile works in Lawrence, Massachusetts, go on strike when wages are reduced in response to a mandated shortening of the work week.
• 1917 – The Kingsland munitions factory explosion occurs as a result of sabotage.
• 1919 – Romania reincorporates Transylvania.
• 1922 – First use of insulin to treat diabetes in a human patient.
• 1923 – Occupation of the Ruhr: Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to make its World War I reparation payments.
• 1927 – Louis B. Mayer, head of film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), announces the creation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, at a banquet in Los Angeles, California.
• 1935 – Amelia Earhart becomes the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to California.
• 1942 – World War II: The Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur.
• 1943 – World War II: The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial rights in China.
• 1943 – Italian-American anarchist Carlo Tresca is assassinated in New York City.
• 1945 – Greek Civil War: Last day of the Dekemvriana clashes in Athens, Greece.
• 1946 – Enver Hoxha, Secretary General of the Communist Party of Albania, declares the People's Republic of Albania with himself as head of state.
• 1949 – The first "networked" television broadcasts take place as KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania goes on the air connecting the east coast and mid-west programming.
• 1949 – A record-setting snowstorm hits Los Angeles, California.
• 1957 – The African Convention is founded in Dakar, Senegal.
• 1960 – Henry Lee Lucas, once listed as America's most prolific serial killer, commits his first known murder.
• 1962 – Cold War: While tied to its pier in Polyarny, the Soviet submarine B-37 is destroyed when fire breaks out in its torpedo compartment.
• 1962 – An avalanche on Huascarán in Peru causes 4,000 deaths.
• 1964 – Surgeon General of the United States Dr. Luther Terry, M.D., publishes the landmark report Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the United States saying that smoking may be hazardous to health, sparking national and worldwide anti-smoking efforts.
• 1972 – East Pakistan renames itself Bangladesh.
• 1973 – Major League Baseball owners vote in approval of the American League adopting the designated hitter position.
• 1986 – The Gateway Bridge, Brisbane in Queensland, Australia is officially opened.
• 1994 – The Irish Government announces the end of a 15-year broadcasting ban on the IRA and its political arm Sinn Féin.
• 1996 – Space Shuttle program: STS-72 launches from the Kennedy Space Center marking the start of the 74th Space Shuttle mission and the 10th flight of Endeavour.
• 1998 – Over 100 people are killed in the Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria.
• 2003 – Illinois Governor George Ryan commutes the death sentences of 167 prisoners on Illinois' death row based on the Jon Burge scandal.
• 2013 – One French soldier and 17 militants are killed in a failed attempt to free a French hostage in Bulo Marer, Somalia.

Births

• 347 – Theodosius I, Roman emperor (d. 395)
• 889 – Abd-ar-Rahman III, Spanish ruler, 8th Emir of Córdoba (d. 961)
• 1322 – Emperor Kōmyō of Japan (d. 1380)
• 1359 – Emperor Go-En'yū of Japan (d. 1393)
• 1395 – Michelle of Valois (d. 1422)
• 1503 – Parmigianino, Italian painter (d. 1540)
• 1591 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire (d. 1646)
• 1630 – John Rogers, English-American minister, physician, and academic (d. 1684)
• 1638 – Nicolas Steno, Danish bishop and anatomist (d. 1686)
• 1642 – Johann Friedrich Alberti, German organist and composer (d. 1710)
• 1671 – François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie, French general and diplomat (d. 1745)
• 1755 – Alexander Hamilton, Nevisian-American general, economist and politician; 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1804)
• 1757 – Samuel Bentham, English engineer and architect (d. 1831)
• 1786 – Joseph Jackson Lister, English opticist and physicist (d. 1869)
• 1788 – William Thomas Brande, English chemist and academic (d. 1866)
• 1800 – Ányos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist and engineer (d. 1895)
• 1807 – Ezra Cornell, American businessman and philanthropist, founded Western Union and Cornell University (d. 1874)
• 1814 – James Paget, English surgeon and pathologist (d. 1899)
• 1815 – John A. Macdonald, Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1891)
• 1825 – Bayard Taylor, American poet, author, and critic (d. 1878)
• 1839 – Eugenio María de Hostos, Puerto Rican lawyer, philosopher, and sociologist (d. 1903)
• 1842 – William James, American psychologist and philosopher (d. 1910)
• 1843 – C. Y. O'Connor, Irish-Australian engineer (d. 1902)
• 1845 – Albert Victor Bäcklund, Swedish mathematician and physicist (d. 1912)
• 1850 – Joseph Charles Arthur, American pathologist and mycologist (d. 1942)
• 1852 – Constantin Fehrenbach, German lawyer and politician; 4th Chancellor of Weimar Germany (d. 1926)
• 1853 – Georgios Jakobides, Greek painter and sculptor (d. 1926)
• 1856 – Christian Sinding, Norwegian pianist and composer (d. 1932)
• 1857 – Fred Archer, English jockey (d. 1886)
• 1858 – Harry Gordon Selfridge, American-English businessman, founded Selfridges (d. 1947)
• 1859 – George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, English politician; 35th Governor-General of India (d. 1925)
• 1864 – Thomas Dixon, Jr., American minister, lawyer, and politician (d. 1946)
• 1867 – Edward B. Titchener, English psychologist and academic (d. 1927)
• 1868 – Cai Yuanpei, Chinese philosopher, academic, and politician (d. 1940)
• 1870 – Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor and educator (d. 1945)
• 1872 – G. W. Pierce, American physicist and academic (d. 1956)
• 1873 – John Callan O'Laughlin, American soldier and journalist (d. 1949)
• 1875 – Reinhold Glière, Russian composer and academic (d. 1956)
• 1875 – Fritz Manteuffel, German gymnast (d. 1941)
• 1876 – Elmer Flick, American baseball player (d. 1971)
• 1876 – Thomas Hicks, American runner (d. 1952)
• 1878 – Theodoros Pangalos, Greek general and politician; President of Greece (d. 1952)
• 1879 – John Symes, English cricketer (d. 1942)
• 1885 – Jack Hoxie, American actor and rodeo performer (d. 1965)
• 1885 – Alice Paul, American activist (d. 1977)
• 1886 – Chester Conklin, American actor (d. 1971)
• 1887 – Aldo Leopold, American ecologist and author (d. 1948)
• 1888 – Joseph B. Keenan, American jurist and politician (d. 1954)
• 1889 – Calvin Bridges, American geneticist and academic (d. 1938)
• 1890 – Harold Bride, English wireless officer on the RMS Titanic (d. 1956)
• 1890 – Max Carey, American baseball player and manager (d. 1976)
• 1890 – Oswald de Andrade, Brazilian poet and critic (d. 1954)
• 1891 – Andrew Sockalexis, American runner (d. 1919)
• 1893 – Anthony M. Rud, American journalist and author (d. 1942)
• 1895 – Laurens Hammond, American engineer and businessman; founded the Hammond Clock Company (d. 1973)
• 1897 – Bernard DeVoto, American historian and author (d. 1955)
• 1897 – August Heissmeyer, German SS officer (d. 1979)
• 1899 – Eva Le Gallienne, British-American actress, director, and producer (d. 1991)
• 1901 – Kwon Ki-ok, North Korean pilot (d. 1988)
• 1902 – Maurice Duruflé, French organist and composer (d. 1986)
• 1903 – Alan Paton, South African author and activist (d. 1988)
• 1905 – Clyde Kluckhohn, American anthropologist and theorist (d. 1960)
• 1906 – Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist and academic, discoverer of LSD (d. 2008)
• 1907 – Pierre Mendès France, French lawyer and politician, 142nd Prime Minister of France (d. 1982)
• 1907 – Abraham Joshua Heschel, Polish-American rabbi, theologian, and philosopher (d. 1972)
• 1908 – Lionel Stander, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1910 – Nikos Kavvadias, Greek poet and author (d. 1975)
• 1910 – Shane Paltridge, Australian soldier and politician (d. 1966)
• 1910 – Izler Solomon, American conductor (d. 1987)
• 1911 – Nora Heysen, Australian painter (d. 2003)
• 1911 – Zenkō Suzuki, Japanese politician, 70th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2004)
• 1912 – Don "Red" Barry, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1980)
• 1913 – Karl Stegger, Danish actor and singer (d. 1980)
• 1915 – Luise Krüger, German javelin thrower (d. 2001)
• 1915 – Paddy Mayne, Irish colonel and lawyer (d. 1955)
• 1916 – Bernard Blier, Argentinian-French actor (d. 1989)
• 1917 – John Robarts, Canadian lawyer and politician, 17th Premier of Ontario (d. 1982)
• 1918 – Robert C. O'Brien, American author and journalist (d. 1973)
• 1920 – Mick McManus, English wrestler (d. 2013)
• 1921 – Gory Guerrero, American wrestler and trainer (d. 1990)
• 1921 – Juanita M. Kreps, American economist and politician, 24th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 2010)
• 1921 – Benedict Zilliacus, Finnish journalist, author, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1922 – Ernle Bradford, English historian and author (d. 1986)
• 1923 – Jerome Bixby, American author and screenwriter (d. 1998)
• 1923 – Ernst Nolte, German historian and philosopher
• 1923 – Carroll Shelby, American race car driver, engineer, and businessman, founded Carroll Shelby International (d. 2012)
• 1923 – Eli Woods, English comedian and actor (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Don Cherry, American singer and golfer
• 1924 – Roger Guillemin, French-American physician and endocrinologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1924 – Sam B. Hall, Jr., American lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 1994)
• 1924 – Slim Harpo, American singer and harmonica player (d. 1970)
• 1925 – Grant Tinker, American television producer, co-founded MTM Enterprises
• 1926 – Lev Dyomin, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1998)
• 1928 – Alan Bowness, English historian and curator
• 1928 – Mitchell Ryan, American actor
• 1928 – David L. Wolper, American director and producer (d. 2010)
• 1929 – Dmitri Bruns, Estonian architect and theorist
• 1930 – Ron Mulock, Australian lawyer and politician, 10th Deputy Premier of New South Wales (d. 2014)
• 1930 – Rod Taylor, Australian-American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
• 1931 – Betty Churcher, Australian painter, historian, and curator (d. 2015)
• 1931 – Mary Rodgers, American composer and author (d. 2014)
• 1932 – Alfonso Arau, Mexican actor and director
• 1934 – Jean Chrétien, Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Canada
• 1934 – Tony Hoare, Sri Lankan-English computer scientist and engineer
• 1935 – Melvyn Hayes, English actor and singer
• 1935 – Ghita Nørby, Danish actress
• 1936 – Eva Hesse, German-American sculptor (d. 1970)
• 1936 – Jody Payne, American singer and guitarist (d. 2013)
• 1936 – Chilla Porter, Australian high jumper
• 1937 – Felix Silla, Italian-American actor and stuntman
• 1938 – Fischer Black, American economist and academic (d. 1995)
• 1938 – Vladimir Krpan, Croatian pianist
• 1938 – Gavin Millar, Scottish director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1938 – Alastair Morton, English businessman (d. 2004)
• 1938 – Frankie Randall, American singer-songwriter, actor, and dancer (d. 2014)
• 1938 – Arthur Scargill, English miner and politician
• 1938 – John August Swanson, American painter and illustrator
• 1939 – Anne Heggtveit, Canadian skier
• 1940 – Andres Tarand, Estonian geographer and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Estonia
• 1941 – Gérson, Brazilian footballer
• 1941 – Abdullah the Butcher, Canadian-American wrestler
• 1942 – Bud Acton, American basketball player
• 1942 – Clarence Clemons, American saxophonist and actor (d. 2011)
• 1942 – Leo Cullum, American soldier, pilot, and cartoonist (d. 2010)
• 1942 – George Mira, American football player
• 1943 – Henry Cecil, Scottish-English horse trainer (d. 2013)
• 1943 – Jill Churchill, American author
• 1943 – Jim Hightower, American journalist and politician
• 1944 – Mohammed Abed Elhai, Sudanese poet and academic (d. 1989)
• 1944 – Shibu Soren, Indian politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Jharkhand
• 1945 – Christine Kaufmann, Austrian-German actress
• 1946 – Naomi Judd, American singer-songwriter and actress (The Judds)
• 1946 – Tony Kaye, English keyboard player
• 1946 – John Piper, American theologian and author
• 1947 – Anna Calder-Marshall, English actress
• 1948 – Fritz Bohla, German footballer and manager
• 1948 – Joe Harper, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1948 – Wajima Hiroshi, Japanese sumo wrestler, 54th Yokozuna
• 1948 – Madeline Manning, American runner
• 1948 – Terry Williams, Welsh drummer
• 1949 – Daryl Braithwaite, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1949 – Chris Ford, American basketball player and coach
• 1949 – Frederick "Dennis" Greene, American singer and actor (Sha Na Na) (d. 2015)
• 1949 – Mohammad Reza Rahimi, Iranian lawyer and politician, 2nd Vice President of Iran
• 1951 – Willie Maddren, English footballer and manager (d. 2000)
• 1951 – Philip Tartaglia, Scottish archbishop
• 1952 – Bille Brown, Australian actor and playwright (d. 2013)
• 1952 – Ben Crenshaw, American golfer
• 1952 – Michael Forshaw, Australian lawyer and politician
• 1952 – Diana Gabaldon, American author
• 1952 – Lee Ritenour, American guitarist, composer, and producer
• 1953 – Graham Allen, English politician, Vice-Chamberlain of the Household
• 1953 – John Sessions, Scottish actor and screenwriter
• 1953 – Kostas Skandalidis, Greek engineer and politician
• 1954 – Jaak Aaviksoo, Estonian physicist and politician, 26th Estonian Minister of Defence
• 1954 – Kailash Satyarthi, Indian engineer, academic, and activist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1956 – Big Bank Hank, American rapper (The Sugarhill Gang) (d. 2014)
• 1956 – Robert Earl Keen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1956 – Kuniaki Kobayashi, Japanese wrestler
• 1956 – Phyllis Logan, Scottish actress
• 1956 – Paul McKeever, German-English police officer (d. 2013)
• 1957 – Darryl Dawkins, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
• 1957 – Peter Moore, Australian footballer
• 1957 – Bryan Robson, English footballer and manager
• 1958 – Diego León Montoya Sánchez, Colombian drug lord
• 1958 – Vicki Peterson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1959 – Rob Ramage, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1961 – Jasper Fforde, English author
• 1961 – Karl von Habsburg, German-Austrian son of Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen
• 1961 – Eva O, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Christian Death, Shadow Project and Super Heroines)
• 1961 – Lars-Erik Torph, Swedish race car driver (d. 1989)
• 1962 – Chris Bryant, Welsh politician, Minister of State for Europe
• 1962 – Kim Coles, American actress
• 1962 – Steve Hislop, Scottish motorcycle racer (d. 2003)
• 1962 – Susan Lindauer, American journalist and activist
• 1963 – Tracy Caulkins, American-Australian swimmer
• 1963 – Jason Connery, English actor, director, and producer
• 1963 – Dean Reynolds, English snooker player
• 1964 – Ralph Recto, Filipino politician
• 1965 – Mascarita Sagrada, Mexican wrestler
• 1965 – Roland Scholten, Dutch darts Player
• 1965 – Aleksey Zhukov, Russian footballer and coach
• 1966 – Marc Acito, American author and screenwriter
• 1966 – Kelley Law, Canadian curler
• 1966 – Tao Wei, Chinese footballer and sportscaster (d. 2012)
• 1967 – Derek Riddell, Scottish actor
• 1968 – Anders Borg, Swedish economist and politician, Swedish Minister for Finance
• 1968 – Saša Ćirić, Macedonian footballer
• 1968 – Tom Dumont, American guitarist and producer
• 1969 – Manny Acta, Dominican-American baseball player, coach. manager, and sportscaster
• 1969 – James Merendino, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1969 – Kyle Richards, American actress
• 1970 – Manfredi Beninati, Italian painter and sculptor
• 1970 – Chris Jent, American basketball player and coach
• 1970 – Malcolm D. Lee, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1970 – Joy Nilo, Filipino pianist and composer
• 1970 – Mustafa Sandal, Turkish singer-songwriter, producer, actor, and dancer
• 1971 – Mary J. Blige, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1971 – Tom Ward, Welsh actor
• 1971 – Chris Willsher, English singer-songwriter, drummer, and actor
• 1972 – Marc Blucas, American actor
• 1972 – Christian Jacobs, American actor, singer-songwriter and producer
• 1972 – Luis Miguel Martín, Spanish runner
• 1972 – Amanda Peet, American actress and playwright
• 1973 – Joanna Brodzik, Polish actress
• 1973 – Rahul Dravid, Indian cricketer
• 1973 – Rockmond Dunbar, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1973 – Eri Fukatsu, Japanese actress
• 1974 – Roman Görtz, German footballer
• 1974 – Cody McKay, Canadian baseball player
• 1974 – Jens Nowotny, German footballer
• 1975 – Rory Fitzpatrick, American ice hockey player
• 1975 – Kevin Koe, Canadian curler
• 1975 – Dan Luger, English rugby player and coach
• 1975 – Matteo Renzi, Italian politician; 56th Prime Minister of Italy
• 1976 – Efthimios Rentzias, Greek basketball player
• 1976 – Kaire Vilgats, Estonian singer and actress
• 1977 – Shamari Buchanan, American football player
• 1977 – Anni Friesinger-Postma, German speed skater
• 1977 – Olexiy Lukashevych, Ukrainian long jumper
• 1977 – Devin Ratray, American actor and singer
• 1977 – Nadia Turner, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1978 – Vallo Allingu, Estonian basketball player
• 1978 – Holly Brisley, Australian actress
• 1978 – Michael Duff, Irish footballer
• 1978 – Emile Heskey, English footballer
• 1978 – Stijn Schaars, Dutch footballer
• 1979 – Darren Lynn Bousman, American director and screenwriter
• 1979 – Joana Cortez, Brazilian tennis player
• 1979 – Michael Lorenz, German footballer
• 1979 – Siti Nurhaliza, Malaysian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1979 – Henry Shefflin, Irish hurler
• 1980 – Lovieanne Jung, American softball player
• 1980 – Gökdeniz Karadeniz, Turkish footballer
• 1980 – Mike Williams, American football player
• 1980 – Deanna Wright, American model and actress
• 1981 – Jamelia, English singer-songwriter and actress
• 1981 – Bafo Biyela, South African footballer
• 1981 – Tom Meighan, English singer-songwriter (Kasabian)
• 1981 – Jaime Valdés, Chilean footballer
• 1981 – Ali Zitouni, Tunisian footballer
• 1982 – Tony Allen, American basketball player
• 1982 – Ashley Taylor Dawson, English actor and singer
• 1982 – Son Ye-jin, South Korean actress
• 1983 – Turner Battle, American basketball player
• 1983 – Matthew Palleschi, Canadian soccer player
• 1983 – Ted Richards, Australian footballer
• 1983 – Adrian Sutil, German race car driver
• 1984 – Kevin Boss, American football player
• 1984 – Dario Krešić, Croatian footballer
• 1984 – Matt Mullenweg, American web developer and businessman, co-created WordPress
• 1985 – Newton Faulkner, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1985 – Aja Naomi King, American actress
• 1985 – Lucy Knisley, American author and illustrator
• 1985 – Kazuki Nakajima, Japanese race car driver
• 1985 – Aaron Porter, English union leader
• 1986 – Rachel Riley, English television host
• 1987 – Scotty Cranmer, American motocross racer
• 1987 – Daniel Semenzato, Italian footballer
• 1988 – Junjun, Chinese-Japanese singer
• 1988 – Daniel Dzufer, Australian footballer
• 1988 – Rodrigo José Pereira, Brazilian footballer
• 1988 – Epiphanny Prince, American-Russian basketball player
• 1989 – Darko Bodul, Croatian footballer
• 1989 – Sammy Carlson, American skier
• 1990 – Ryan Griffin, American football player
• 1991 – Hyolyn, South Korean singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
• 1992 – Dani Carvajal, Spanish footballer
• 1992 – Lee Seung-hoon, South Korean rapper and dancer (Winner)
• 1993 – Flora Cross, French-American actress
• 1993 – Michael Keane, English footballer
• 1993 – Will Keane, English footballer
• 1994 – Mathieu Marquet, Mauritian swimmer
• 1995 – Klaartje Liebens, Belgian tennis player
• 1997 – Cody Simpson, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist

Deaths

• 705 – Pope John VI (b. 655)
• 782 – Emperor Kōnin of Japan (b. 709)
• 802 – Paulinus II of Aquileia, Italian priest, theologian, and saint (b. 726)
• 812 – Staurakios, Byzantine emperor
• 844 – Michael I Rangabe, Byzantine emperor (b. 770)
• 1055 – Constantine IX Monomachos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1000)
• 1083 – Otto of Nordheim (b. 1020)
• 1494 – Domenico Ghirlandaio, Italian painter (b. 1449)
• 1495 – Pedro González de Mendoza, Spanish cardinal (b. 1428)
• 1547 – Pietro Bembo, Italian poet, scholar, and theorist (b. 1470)
• 1641 – Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet and painter (b. 1583)
• 1696 – Charles Albanel, French priest, missionary, and explorer (b. 1616)
• 1703 – Johann Georg Graevius, German scholar and critic (b. 1632)
• 1713 – Pierre Jurieu, French priest and theologian (b. 1637)
• 1735 – Metropolitan Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš, Serbian metropolitan (b. 1670)
• 1753 – Hans Sloane, Irish-English physician and academic (b. 1660)
• 1762 – Louis-François Roubiliac, French-English sculptor (b. 1695)
• 1763 – Caspar Abel, German poet, historian, and theologian (b. 1676)
• 1771 – Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French philosopher and author (b. 1704)
• 1788 – François Joseph Paul de Grasse, French admiral (b. 1722)
• 1791 – William Williams Pantycelyn, Welsh composer and poet (b. 1717)
• 1798 – Erekle II of Kartli (b. 1720)
• 1801 – Domenico Cimarosa, Italian composer (b. 1749)
• 1836 – John Molson, Canadian businessman, founded the Molson Brewing Company (b. 1763)
• 1843 – Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, author, and songwriter (b. 1779)
• 1866 – Gustavus Vaughan Brooke, Irish actor (b. 1818)
• 1866 – John Woolley, English academic and clergyman, the first principal of the University of Sydney, Australia (b. 1816)
• 1867 – Stuart Donaldson, English-Australian politician; 1st Premier of New South Wales (b. 1812)
• 1882 – Theodor Schwann, German physiologist and biologist (b. 1810)
• 1891 – Georges-Eugène Haussmann, French urban planner (b. 1809)
• 1901 – Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian bassoon player and composer (b. 1866)
• 1902 – Johnny Briggs, English cricketer (b. 1862)
• 1904 – William Sawyer, Canadian merchant and politician (b. 1815)
• 1914 – Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer and philanthropist (b. 1842)
• 1920 – Steinar Schjøtt, Norwegian philologist and lexicographer (b. 1844)
• 1923 – Constantine I of Greece (b. 1868)
• 1928 – Thomas Hardy, English author and poet (b. 1840)
• 1931 – James Milton Carroll, American pastor, historian, and author (b. 1852)
• 1937 – Nuri Conker, Turkish colonel and politician (b. 1882)
• 1938 – Johan Salonen, Finnish wrestler (b. 1884)
• 1941 – Emanuel Lasker, German mathematician, philosopher, and chess player (b. 1868)
• 1944 – Galeazzo Ciano, Italian politician; Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1903)
• 1947 – Eva Tanguay, Canadian-American singer and actress (b. 1879)
• 1952 – Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, French general (b. 1889)
• 1952 – Aureliano Pertile, Italian tenor and educator (b. 1885)
• 1953 – Noe Zhordania, Georgian journalist and politician, Prime Minister of Georgia (b. 1868)
• 1954 – Oscar Straus, Austrian composer (b. 1870)
• 1957 – Robert Garran, Australian lawyer and politician (b. 1867)
• 1957 – Rose Sutro, American pianist (b. 1870)
• 1958 – Edna Purviance, American actress (b. 1895)
• 1961 – Elena Gerhardt, German soprano (b. 1883)
• 1966 – Alberto Giacometti, Swiss sculptor and painter (b. 1901)
• 1966 – Hannes Kolehmainen, Finnish runner (b. 1889)
• 1966 – Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indian academic and politician; 2nd Prime Minister of India (b. 1904)
• 1968 – Moshe Zvi Segal, Israeli linguist and scholar (b. 1876)
• 1969 – Richmal Crompton, English author and educator (b. 1890)
• 1972 – Padraic Colum, Irish poet, author, and playwright (b. 1881)
• 1975 – Max Lorenz, German tenor and actor (b. 1901)
• 1978 – Michael Bates, Indian-born English actor (b. 1920)
• 1978 – Ibn-e-Insha, Pakistani-English poet and journalist (b. 1927)
• 1979 – Jack Soo, American actor and singer (b. 1917)
• 1980 – Barbara Pym, English novelist (b. 1913)
• 1981 – Beulah Bondi, American actress (b. 1888)
• 1985 – William McKell, Australian politician, 12th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1891)
• 1986 – Sid Chaplin, English author and screenwriter (b. 1916)
• 1986 – Andrzej Czok, Polish mountaineer (b. 1948)
• 1987 – Albert Ferber, Swiss-English pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1911)
• 1988 – Pappy Boyington, American colonel and pilot; Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1912)
• 1988 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, Polish-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
• 1991 – Carl David Anderson, American physicist and academic; Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
• 1994 – Helmut Poppendick, German physician (b. 1902)
• 1995 – Josef Gingold, Belarusian-American violinist and educator (b. 1909)
• 1995 – Onat Kutlar, Turkish author and poet (b. 1936)
• 1995 – Lewis Nixon, United States Army officer (b. 1918)
• 1995 – Theodor Wisch, German general (b. 1907)
• 1996 – Roger Crozier, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and manager (b. 1942)
• 1998 – Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (b. 1926)
• 1999 – Fabrizio De André, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1940)
• 1999 – Naomi Mitchison, Scottish author and poet (b. 1897)
• 1999 – Brian Moore, Irish-American author and screenwriter (b. 1921)
• 1999 – Öztürk Serengil, Turkish actor and producer (b. 1930)
• 2000 – Bob Lemon, American baseball player and manager (b. 1920)
• 2001 – Louis Krages, German-American race car driver (b. 1949)
• 2001 – Denys Lasdun, English architect; co-designed the Royal National Theatre (b. 1914)
• 2001 – Michael Williams, English actor (b. 1935)
• 2002 – Henri Verneuil, Turkish-French director and playwright (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Maurice Pialat, French actor and director (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Jože Pučnik, Slovenian public intellectual, sociologist and politician (b. 1932)
• 2005 – Fabrizio Meoni, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1957)
• 2006 – Markus Löffel, German DJ and producer (b. 1966)
• 2007 – Puchi Balseiro, Puerto Rican singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1926)
• 2007 – Solveig Dommartin, French-German actress (b. 1961)
• 2007 – Robert Anton Wilson, American psychologist, author, poet, and playwright (b. 1932)
• 2008 – Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer and explorer (b. 1919)
• 2010 – Miep Gies, Austrian-Dutch humanitarian, helped hide Anne Frank and her family (b. 1909)
• 2010 – Harry Männil, Estonian-Costa Rican art collector and businessman (b. 1920)
• 2010 – Éric Rohmer, French director, screenwriter, and critic (b. 1920)
• 2010 – Joe Rollino, American strongman and weightlifter (b. 1905)
• 2011 – David Nelson, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Mostafa Ahmadi-Roshan, Iranian physicist and academic (b. 1980)
• 2012 – Gilles Jacquier, French journalist and photographer (b. 1968)
• 2013 – Guido Forti, Italian businessman, founded the Forti Racing Team (b. 1940)
• 2013 – Nguyễn Khánh, Vietnamese general and politician; 3rd President of South Vietnam (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Mariangela Melato, Italian actress and singer (b. 1941)
• 2013 – Alemayehu Shumye, Ethiopian runner (b. 1988)
• 2013 – Aaron Swartz, American computer programmer and activist (b. 1986)
• 2014 – Keiko Awaji, Japanese actress (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Arnoldo Foà, Italian actor and director (b. 1916)
• 2014 – Vugar Gashimov, Azerbaijani chess player (b. 1986)
• 2014 – Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Indian-Bangladeshi jurist and politician; Prime Minister of Bangladesh (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Chai Trong-rong, Taiwanese educator and politician (b. 1935)
• 2014 – Ariel Sharon, Israeli general and politician; 11th Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1928)
• 2015 – Doriemus, New Zealand race horse (b. 1990)
• 2015 – Jenő Buzánszky, Hungarian footballer and coach (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Anita Ekberg, Swedish-Italian model and actress (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Chashi Nazrul Islam, Bangladeshi director and producer (b. 1941)
• 2015 – Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle, American neuroscientist and academic (b. 1918)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Leucius of Brindisi (Roman Catholic)
  • Mary Slessor (Church of England)
  • Paulinus II of Aquileia
  • Theodosius the Cenobiarch
  • Thomas of Cori
  • Vitalis of Gaza (Roman Catholic)
  • January 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Earliest day on which Triodion can fall, while February 14 is the latest; celebrated 70 days before Easter. (Eastern Orthodox)
• Eugenio María de Hostos Day (Puerto Rico)
• First day of Carmentalia, in honor of Carmenta. (Roman Empire)
• Independence Resistance Day (Morocco)
• Kagami Biraki (Japan)
• Republic Day (Albania)
• International Thank You Day, launched in 1994

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada