Atlas of the Netherlands

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Wikimedia Commons Atlas of the World The Wikimedia Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons. Discussion • Update the atlas • Index of the Atlas • Atlas in categories • Other atlases on line

The introductions of the country, dependency and region entries are in the native languages and in English. The other introductions are in English.

The Netherlands

Nederland Nederlands Nederland - Koninkrijk der Nederlanden Nederland is een West-Europees land, begrensd door de Noordzee, Duitsland en België. De hoofdstad van het land is Amsterdam, de regeringszetel is Den Haag. Andere belangrijke steden zijn: Rotterdam, met een van de grootste havens van de wereld, Utrecht, het verkeersknooppunt van het land, Groningen (vooral voor het noorden) en Eindhoven, de vijfde stad van het land. Per 10 oktober 2010 is het tevens een Caribisch land, doordat Bonaire, Saba en Sint Eustasius onderdeel van Nederland zijn geworden. Het land Nederland is, net zoals Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten, een deelstaat van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. Frysk Nederlân - Nederlân is in lân yn West-Jeropa, mei 16.300.000 ynwenners, en mei in oerflak fan 41.526 km² (wêrfan 7644.94 km² wetter). De haadstêd is Amsterdam. Nederlân wurdt begrinzge troch: de Noardsee yn it westen en noarden; Dútslân yn it easten; Belgje yn it súden. English The Netherlands - Kingdom of the Netherlands The Netherlands is the European and Caribean part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. The Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy, located in northwestern Europe. It is bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, ► Belgium (► Flanders and a small piece of ► Wallonia) to the south, and ► Germany to the east. The current borders were established in 1839. To the Kingdom belong also ► Aruba and the former ► Netherlands Antilles. Short name  The Netherlands Official  name Kingdom of the Netherlands Status Independent country since 1581, recognized 1648, member of the ► European Union since 1957 Location Western Europe Capital Amsterdam (de jure), Den Haag (The Hague, de facto) Population 16,491,461 inhabitants Area 41,526 km² Major  languages Dutch (official), Frisian Major  religions Roman-Catholic, Protestantism More information Netherlands, Geography of the Netherlands, History of the Netherlands and Politics of the Netherlands More  images Netherlands - Netherlands (Category).

General maps

Map of the Netherlands (Kaart van Nederland)

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  Same map including BES Islands

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  Same map in Frisian

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  Same map in Dutch

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  Same map in Dutch including BES Islands

The Kingdom of the Netherlands Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden

The Netherlands

Map of the Netherlands

Map of the Netherlands including BES Islands Kaart van Nederland inclusief BES-eilanden

Maps of divisions

This section holds maps of the administrative divisions.

The Netherlands are divided in 12 provinces. The names of the provinces are shown in this map, but the official name of Friesland, which is a Dutch name, is Fryslân, a Frisian name. (Provincies van Nederland. De officiële naam van Friesland is Fryslân)

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  German map

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  French map

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  Dutch map

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  Location and name of the provincies

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The provinces are further divided in municipalities. (Nederlandse provincies en gemeenten) (2012)

Same map with public bodies BES. (Nederlandse provincies, gemeenten en openbare lichamen BES)

History maps

This section holds a short summary of the history of the area of present-day the Netherlands, illustrated with maps, including historical maps of former countries and empires that included present-day the Netherlands.

Palaeogeographic maps

The Netherlands at 5500 BC

The Netherlands at 3850 BC

The Netherlands at 2750 BC

The Netherlands at 500 BC

The Netherlands at 50 AD

The Netherlands at 800 AD

Early history

In the period after 800 BCE Celts enter the area of the present-day Netherlands. The green area suggests a possible extent of (proto-)Celtic influence around 1000 BC. The orange area shows the region of birth of the La Tène style. The red area indicates an idea of the possible region of Celtic influence around 400 BC. (De Kelten in Europa. Oker: Kerbereik Noord-West-Alpine Hallstattcultuur (ca. 750–500/450 v. Chr.) groen: Uitbreiding La-Tène-cultuur, bzw. oranje: de Keltische taal (3. Jh. v. Chr.))

This map shows a rough but rather different estimate from several sources about the distribution of Celts in Europe. Blue: extent of Celtic influence 1500 BCE - 1000 BCE. Purple: extent of Celtic influence 400 BCE. (De Kelten in Europa.)

Proto-Germanic people's Proto-Germaanse stammen

Since 600 BC the area which forms now the Netherlands is inhabited by Germanic tribes, like the Bataves, the Frisians and the Caninephates. Map showing the pre-Migration Age distribution of the Germanic tribes in Proto-Germanic times, and stages of their expansion up to 50 BC, AD 100 and AD 300. The extent of the Roman Empire in 68 BC and AD 117 is also shown. De Germaanse stammen voor het tijdperk van migratie

Map of the Pre-Roman Iron Age culture(s) associated with Proto-Germanic, ca 500 BC-50 BC De pre-Romeinse ijzeren-tijd-culturen

Ancient Germania Oud Germania

The Romans

The southern parts of the Netherlands become part of the ► Roman Empire shortly before 0. This map shows the Roman Empire in 50. (Zuid-Nederland wordt veroverd door het Romeinse Rijk. Zie voor meer kaarten de Atlas van het Romeinse Rijk).

De Roman province of Germania Inferior, including the southern parts of the Netherlands. (De province Germania Inferior, inclusief Zuid-Nederland.)

Around 256 the Germanic tribe of the Franks enter the area and since 296 they rule the area as defender of the border of the Roman Empire. This map shows invasions of the Roman Empire 100-500 Invallen in het Romeinse Rijk 100-500

After the division of the Roman Empire, the southern Netherlands become part of the ► Western Roman Empire. This map shows the Empire in 395. (Het Westromeinse Rijk rond 395)

The Franks

481-843: Frankish Empire - independent monarchy including the present-day Netherlands ► Frankish Empire

After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the area comes under control of Germanic tribes, especially the above mentioned Franks and the Frisians. This leads to the area becoming part of the Frankish Empire. (Na de val van het West-Romeinse Rijk nemen Germaanse stammen als de Franken en de Friezen de controle over het gebied over. Uiteindelijk wordt Nederland deel van het Frankische Rijk. Zie de Atlas van het Frankische Rijk.}

843-870: Middle Frankish Empire - independent monarchy including the present-day Netherlands ► Frankish Empire

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After the division of the Frankish Empire in the Treaty of Verdun the area became part of the Middle Frankish Empire. Het Verdrag van Verdun

This map compares the Treaty of Verdun (843) with the Treaty of Meerssen (870) Het Verdrag van Verdun 843 en het Verdrag van Meersen 870

843-962: East Frankish Empire - independent monarchy, including the present-days Netherlands ► Germany

This treaty leads to the most parts of the present-day Netherlands becoming part of the East Frankish Empire. Verdeling van het Frankische Rijk 870

Part of the Holy Roman Empire

962-1648: Holy Roman Empire - independent monarchy, including the present-days Netherlands ► Atlas of Germany

The East Frankish Empire was continued by the (Holy) Roman Empire in 962. This map shows Central Europe 919-1125 Midden-Europa 919-1125

This map shows the area where the Frisians were living. De Friezen

Frisia around 1300 Friesland rond 1300

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Dutch cities became active in the Hanseatic League. De Hanze

Hanseatic trade routes De Hanze-routes

The Holy Roman Empire in the 14th century Het Heilige Roomse Rijk in de 14e eeuw

Holland united with Hainaut and Bavaria Straubing Holland verenigd met Henegouwen en Beieren-Straubing

Burgundian rule inside the Holy Roman Empire

In the feudal German Empire the duchies and counties, together known as the Netherlands, come between 1384 and 1451 under the rule of Burgundy. This map shows the Low Countries in 1477 De Lage Landen in 1477

Burgundian possessions De bezittingen van de Bourgondiërs

The Netherlands as part of the Holy Roman Empire De Nederlanden als deel van het Heilige Roomse Rijk

Habsburgian rule inside the Holy Roman Empire

The Burgundian rule is continued by the Habsburgians since 1506. The last duchy, Gueldres, is annexed in 1543. This map shows Habsburgian ruled Europe, inclusive the Netherlands Europa onder de Habsburgers

The Habsburgians around 1547. After the division of the Habsburgian countries in 1555 the Netherlands come under control of Habsburg-ruled Spain. De Habsburgers 1547

Struggle for independence

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  The Netherlands 1566

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  The Netherlands begin 1572

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  The Netherlands end 1572

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  The Netherlands 1573

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  The Netherlands 1574-1575

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  The Netherlands begin 1576

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  The Netherlands 1576-1577

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  The Netherlands 1577-1578

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  The Netherlands 1579

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  The Netherlands 1580

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  The Netherlands 1581

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  The Netherlands 1582

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  The Netherlands 1583

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  The Netherlands 1584

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  The Netherlands 1585

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  The Netherlands 1590-1592

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  The Netherlands 1593-1595

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  The Netherlands 1596-1598

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  The Netherlands 1621-1628

Republic of the United Netherlands

1581-1795: Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden) - Independent republic, left the Holy Roman Empire in 1648

Shortly after the start the Netherlands in 1581 the Union became as the Republic of the United Netherlands a de facto independent federal state, lead by Willem van Oranje. In 1648 this is formalized in the treaty of Munster as a result of which the republic leaves the German Empire. The republic is rules by aristocrats around the family of Orange Nassau. The head of state is an hereditary Stateholder. The Netherlands develops into a colonial power with colonies in the Americas, Africa and the Far East. This map shows the United and the Spanish Netherlands. De Verenigde en de Spaanse Nederlanden

Area controlled by the Holy Roman Empire around 1630 Het Heilige Roomse Rijk in 1630

Batavian Republic

1795-1806: Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek) - Independent republic After a revolution the republic is in 1795 restyled into the Batavian Republic, a French puppet state. This is a parliamentary state, but gradually power comes in the hands of more or less authoritarian French vassals. The country is renamed Batavian Commonwealth in 1805.

The Batavian Republic De Bataafse Republiek

The Batavian Commonwealth Het Bataafse Gemenebest

Kingdom of Holland

1806-1810: Kingdom of Holland (Koninkrijk Holland) - Independent monarchy In 1806 the French restyle it the Kingdom of Holland.

The Kingdom of Holland Koninkrijk Holland

Occupation by France

1810-1813: French Empire - includes the present-day Netherlands ► France

In 1810 Holland is annexed by the French Empire 1811 De Nederlanden als deel van het Franse Rijk in 1811

The Netherlands under French occupation De Nederlanden onder Franse bezetting

Kingdom of the Netherlands

1815-present: Kingdom of the Netherlands (Koninkrijk der Nederlanden) - independent monarchy

In 1813 independence is restored as the Sovereign Principality of the Netherlands. After the treaty of Vienna in 1815 the Netherlands unites with the former Austrian Netherlands and Liege into the Kingdom of the Netherlands. This is a constitutional monarchy with real power in hands of the King. This map shows the United Kingdom of the Netherlands Het Verenigde Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (1815-1831)

A map showing the territory that the Netherlands held at various points in history. Dark green indicates colonies that either were, or originated from, land controlled by the Dutch West India Company, light green the Dutch East India Company Het Nederlandse koloniale rijk. Donkergroen was in handen van de West-Indische Compagnie, lichtgroen in handen van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie.

Similar map

After a revolution in 1831 Belgium secedes from the Netherlands. This map shows the Netherlands, ► Belgium, ► Luxembourg and Limburg in 18391, 2 and 3 United Kingdom of the Netherlands (until 1830) 1 and 2 Kingdom of the Netherlands (after 1830) 2 Duchy of Limburg (In the ► German Confederacy after 1839 as compensation for Waals-Luxemburg) 3 and 4 Kingdom of Belgium (after 1830) 4 and 5 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (borders until 1830) 4 Province of Luxembourg (Waals-Luxemburg, to Belgium in 1839) 5 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (German Luxemburg; borders after 1839) In blue, the borders of the German Confederacy Splitsing van de Nederlanden. 1 en 2: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, waarvan 2 Limburg, lid van de Duitse Bond. 3 en 4: Koninkrijk België, inclusief 4 Waals Luxemburg. 5: Groothertogdom Luxemburg, in personele unie met Nederland, lid van de Duitse Bond, maar exclusief 4 Waals Luxemburg.

Comparison of the frontiers of the kingdom Vergelijking van de grenzen van het Koninkrijk

Both the province of Limburg as Luxembourg are part of the German Confederation Nederland en de Duitse Bond

In the 1930s the Dutch start the Zuiderzee works. De Zuiderzeewerken

In 1940 ► Nazi Germany invades the Netherlands and occupies the country until 1945. De Duitse inval in Nederland 1940

German invasion of the Netherlands De Duitse inval in Nederland 1940

German invasion of the Netherlands De Duitse inval in Nederland 1940

Grebbelinie

In 1945 the Netherlands are liberated. In the Netherlands the Bakker-Schut Plan circulates to annex parts of Germany, but only small border corrections are realized. Het Bakker-Schut Plan: Nederlandse annexatieplannen

Old maps

This section holds copies of original general maps more than 70 years old.

The 17 Netherlands, depicted as Leo Belgicus De 17 Nederlanden als Leo Belgicus

Leo Belgicus by Josse de Hond Leo Belgicus door Josse de Hond

Blaeu map of the Low Countries in 1635 De Lage Landen door Blaeu in 1645

Brabant by Ioan Blaeu, 1645 Hertogdom Brabant

Central Gelderland (Kwartier van Nijmegen) by Ioan Blaeu, 1645 Het Kwartier van Nijmegen

Upper Gelderland, 1645 Opper-Gelre

County of Zutphen (in Gelderland), 1645 Graafschap Zutphen

Leo Hollandicus, 1648 by Claes Visscher De Leo Hollandicus

Map of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, by Joannes (or Johannes) Janssonius in his collection Belgii Foederati Nova Descriptio, 1658 De Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden

Map of the Republic Kaart van de Republiek

Other maps

the Benelux states

The Netherlands in relation to Water (Nederland en het water)

Randstad Holland

Old Dutch language Het Oudnederlands

Dutch language in Europe Nederlands in Europa

Dutch dialects Nederlandse dialecten: A. Southwestern dialect group (Zeeuws/West-Flemish) 1. West-Flemish and Zeeuws-Flemish 2. Zeeuws B. Northwestern dialect group (Hollands) 3. South-Hollands 4. Westhoeks 5. Waterlands and Volendams 6. Zaans 7. Kennemerlands 8. West-Frisian 9. Bildts, Midslands, Stads-Frisian and Amelands C. Northeastern dialect group (Low Saxon) 10. Kollumerlands 11. Gronings and North-Drents 12. Stellingswerfs 13. Middle-Drents 14. South-Drents 15. Twents 16. Twents-Graafschaps 17. Gelders-Overijssels (Achterhoeks) and Urks 18. Veluws D. Northern-Central dialect group 19. Utrechts-Alblasserwaards E. Southern-central dialect group 20. South-Gelders 21. North-Brabants and North-Limburgs 22. Brabants 23. East-Flemish F. Southeastern dialect group 24. Limburgs Miscelanius FL. Province Flevoland. No dialect a majority, because of its short existence. (Post World War II) The blank area (near zone 9) speaks Frisian dialects.

Dialects in the Benelux states

Dutch dialects Nederlandse dialecten

Franco-Saxonian dialects Frankische en Saksische dialecten

Low Franconian dialects Nederfrankische dialecten

Low Franconian dialects Nederfrankische dialecten

Frisian Fries

Population density Bevolkingsdichtheid

Schematic map of the Randstad Schematische kaart van de Randstad

Dutch railways Nederlandse spoorwegen

Motorways Snelwegen

Area Codes Netnummers

Postal codes Postcodes

Unemployment Werkloosheid

Satellite maps

Satellite map Satellietfoto van Nederland

Notes and references

General remarks: The WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons. The main page is therefore the portal to maps and cartography on Wikimedia. That page contains links to entries by country, continent and by topic as well as general notes and references. Every entry has an introduction section in English. If other languages are native and/or official in an entity, introductions in other languages are added in separate sections. The text of the introduction(s) is based on the content of the Wikipedia encyclopedia. For sources of the introduction see therefore the Wikipedia entries linked to. The same goes for the texts in the history sections. Historical maps are included in the continent, country and dependency entries. The status of various entities is disputed. See the content for the entities concerned. The maps of former countries that are more or less continued by a present-day country or had a territory included in only one or two countries are included in the atlas of the present-day country. For example the Ottoman Empire can be found in the Atlas of Turkey.