How middle-age spread increases cancer risk by 50%: Men need to gain only 2st 7Ibs from teenage years to retirement to raise the risk

Study to share findings at National Cancer Research Institute conference
Its findings have shed new light on how weight gain can cause cancer
Men need to gain only 2st 7lb whilst women need to put on 3st 7Ib

By Victoria Allen Science Correspondent For The Daily Mail

Published: 00:15 GMT, 7 November 2016 | Updated: 00:23 GMT, 7 November 2016

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Middle-age spread in men can raise their risk of getting cancer by 50 per cent, a study has found.

Men need to gain only 2st 7lb from their teenage years to retirement to be in significantly greater danger. For women, the risk of cancer rises by almost 20 per cent over a lifetime if they put on 3st 7lb.

The findings, to be presented at a National Cancer Research Institute conference in Liverpool today, shed new light on how weight gain causes cancer – most often breast and womb cancer in women and kidney and bowel cancer in both sexes.

Men need to gain only 2st 7lb from their teenage years to retirement to be in significantly greater danger of getting cancer

It is not known exactly why piling on the pounds can lead to the disease, although excess fat is believed to produce hormones which help cancer to develop.

In the study of 300,000 people in the US, researchers from Manchester University looked at changes in men and women’s body mass index (BMI) between the ages of 18 and 65. By recording those who developed obesity-related cancers, they were able to determine the risk from their weight.

Lead author Dr Hannah Lennon said: ‘This research shows how important it is to look at weight gain over a person’s lifetime – to give a clearer picture of cancer risk through life compared to assessing someone’s BMI at a single point.

‘This study could also be really useful in public health. It could help identify people who would benefit the most from taking action to control their weight before any health problems arise.’

Being overweight is the second biggest preventable cause of cancer in the UK after smoking and can cause 13 different cancers. Middle-aged men with ‘beer bellies’ and ‘apple-shaped’ women are particularly at risk, with too much fat stored around the middle linked to bowel, kidney, oesophageal, pancreatic and breast cancer.

The men in the study at 50 per cent greater risk of cancer were not obese, which is classed as a BMI of above 30, but had gone from a BMI of 22 to 27 – within the overweight bracket.

For a man of average weight, this equated to putting on 2st 7lbs over a lifetime. Women who went from a BMI of 23 to 32 had a 17 per cent increased risk of cancer in comparison to those whose weight stayed stable and healthy.

Sir Harpal Kumar, chief executive of Cancer Research UK, said 'this is a really interesting way to look at lifetime risk of obesity'. Pictured at Buckingham Palace, London, after being made a Knight Bachelor of the British Empire by the Prince of Wales

Sir Harpal Kumar, chief executive of Cancer Research UK, which funded the research, said: ‘This is a really interesting way to look at lifetime risk of obesity-related cancers and helps us understand the effects of weight gain over time.

‘It’s important that people are informed about ways to reduce their risk of cancer. And while there are no guarantees against the disease, keeping a healthy weight can help you stack the odds in your favour and has lots of other benefits too.’

Obesity-related cancers include two of the most common – breast and bowel cancer – and three of the hardest to treat: pancreatic, oesophageal and gallbladder.

Dr Karen Kennedy, director of the National Cancer Research Institute, said: ‘This study provides a deeper understanding of the health implications caused by the obesity epidemic. It helps paint the picture of how risk could accumulate over time for different people.’

....AS PANCREATIC CANCER DEATHS SET TO SOAR

Britain's obesity crisis will see death rates for pancreatic cancer overtake breast cancer in four years, it is forecast.

Breast cancer is the third biggest killer cancer in the country, behind bowel and lung cancer.

Pancreatic cancer, which is notoriously hard to treat, is less well known despite killing almost 9,000 people a year. But predictions by the International Agency for Research on Cancer show British deaths from the disease are on the rise and set to leapfrog breast cancer by 2020.

Kerry Harvey in the Pancreatic Cancer appeal poster which was used to stress how hard it is to treat compared to other forms

The forecasts are based on death rates and the at-risk population. For pancreatic cancer those at greatest risk are smokers, diabetics and the obese.

Smoking levels have fallen, but the UK population is getting fatter, increasing the risk.

The research was presented at a conference held by United European Gastroenterology, which combines all the leading European societies concerned with digestive diseases. Professor Matthias Lohr, a pancreatic cancer specialist, said: ‘It is absolutely vital that patients receive a diagnosis as early as possible to allow for surgery, which is currently the only potential for a cure.’

While many women know to check their breasts for lumps, the signs of pancreatic cancer, which include abdominal and back pain, a change in bowel habits and jaundice, are not as well known.