Introduction :: MOLDOVA
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A large portion of present day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River supporting the breakaway region of Transnistria, whose population is roughly equally composed of ethnic Ukrainians, Russians, and Moldovans.
Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova post-independence ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. Since then, a series of pro-European ruling coalitions have governed Moldova. As a result of the country's most recent legislative election in November 2014, the three pro-European parties that entered Parliament won a total of 55 of the body's 101 seats. Infighting among coalition members led to prolonged legislative gridlock and political instability, as well as the collapse of two governments, all ruled by pro-European coalitions centered around the Liberal Democratic Party (PLDM) and the Democratic Party (PDM). A political impasse ended in January 2016 when a new parliamentary majority led by PDM, joined by defectors from the Communists and PLDM, supported PDM member Pavel FILIP as prime minister.
Moldova remains Europe's poorest economy, but has made steps toward expanding its market access by signing and ratifying an Association Agreement with the EU in 2014, which fully entered into force in July 2016 after ratification by all EU member states. Igor DODON won Moldova's first direct presidential election in over 20 years in November 2016.
Geography :: MOLDOVA
-
Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
47 00 N, 29 00 E
Europe
total: 33,851 sq km
land: 32,891 sq km
water: 960 sq km
country comparison to the world: 140
slightly larger than Maryland
Area comparison map:
Europe
::MOLDOVA
Area Comparison
slightly larger than Maryland
total: 1,885 km
border countries (2): Romania 683 km, Ukraine 1,202 km
0 km (landlocked)
none (landlocked)
moderate winters, warm summers
rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
mean elevation: 139 m
elevation extremes: lowest point: Dniester (Nistru) 2 m
highest point: Dealul Balanesti 430 m
lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, limestone, arable land
agricultural land: 74.9%
arable land 55.1%; permanent crops 9.1%; permanent pasture 10.7%
forest: 11.9%
other: 13.2% (2011 est.)
2,283 sq km (2012)
pockets of agglomeration exist throughout the country, the largest being in the center of the country around the capital of Chisinau, followed by Tiraspol and Balti
landslides
heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
landlocked; well endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone
People and Society :: MOLDOVA
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3,474,121 (July 2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
noun: Moldovan(s)
adjective: Moldovan
Moldovan 75.1%, Romanian 7%, Ukrainian 6.6%, Gagauz 4.6%, Russian 4.1%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 0.8% (2014 est.)
Moldovan/Romanian 80.2% (official) (56.7% identify their mother tongue as Moldovan, which is virtually the same as Romanian; 23.5% identify Romanian as their mother tongue), Russian 9.7%, Gagauz 4.2% (a Turkish language), Ukrainian 3.9%, Bulgarian 1.5%, Romani 0.3%, other 0.2% (2014 est.)
note: data represent mother tongue
Orthodox 90.1%, other Christian 2.6%, other 0.1%, agnostic <.1%, atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.9% (2014 est.)
0-14 years: 18.18% (male 325,501/female 305,931)
15-24 years: 12.32% (male 221,582/female 206,458)
25-54 years: 43.4% (male 760,511/female 747,352)
55-64 years: 13.46% (male 214,565/female 252,924)
65 years and over: 12.64% (male 171,347/female 267,950) (2017 est.)
population pyramid:
Europe
::MOLDOVA
Population Pyramid
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
total dependency ratio: 34.5
youth dependency ratio: 21.2
elderly dependency ratio: 13.4
potential support ratio: 7.5 (2015 est.)
total: 36.7 years
male: 34.9 years
female: 38.6 years (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
-1.05% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 229
11.5 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171
12.6 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
-9.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 212
pockets of agglomeration exist throughout the country, the largest being in the center of the country around the capital of Chisinau, followed by Tiraspol and Balti
urban population: 45.2% of total population (2017)
rate of urbanization: -0.36% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
CHISINAU (capital) 725,000 (2015)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
24 years (2014 est.)
23 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
total: 12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
total population: 71 years
male: 67.1 years
female: 75.1 years (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
1.57 children born/woman (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 187
59.5% (2012)
10.3% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 22
2.54 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
6.2 beds/1,000 population (2012)
improved:
urban: 96.9% of population
rural: 81.4% of population
total: 88.4% of population
unimproved:
urban: 3.1% of population
rural: 18.6% of population
total: 11.6% of population (2015 est.)
improved:
urban: 87.8% of population
rural: 67.1% of population
total: 76.4% of population
unimproved:
urban: 12.2% of population
rural: 32.9% of population
total: 23.6% of population (2015 est.)
0.6% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
15,000 (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
<500 (2016 est.)
18.9% (2016)
country comparison to the world: 115
2.2% (2012)
country comparison to the world: 111
7.5% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 10
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.4%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.1% (2015 est.)
total: 12 years
male: 11 years
female: 12 years (2015)
total: 12.8%
male: 12.4%
female: 13.5% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
Government :: MOLDOVA
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conventional long form: Republic of Moldova
conventional short form: Moldova
local long form: Republica Moldova
local short form: Moldova
former: Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic
etymology: named for the Moldova River in neighboring eastern Romania
parliamentary republic
name: Chisinau in Romanian (Kishinev in Russian)
note: pronounced KEE-shee-now (KIH-shi-nyov)
geographic coordinates: 47 00 N, 28 51 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
32 raions (raioane, singular - raion), 3 municipalities (municipii, singular - municipiul), 1 autonomous territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala autonoma), and 1 territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala)
raions: Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni
municipalities: Balti, Bender, Chisinau
autonomous territorial unit: Gagauzia
territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)
27 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Independence Day, 27 August (1991)
history: previous 1978; latest adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994
amendments: proposed by voter petition (at least 200,000 eligible voters), by one-third of Parliament members, or by the government; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament within one year of initial proposal; revisions to constitutional articles on sovereignty, independence, and neutrality require majority vote by referendum; articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2010; note – in early 2016, the Moldovan Constitutional Court decision returned the country to direct presidential elections, reversing a 2000 constitutional amendment that allowed Parliament to select the president (2016)
civil law system with Germanic law influences; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Moldova
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: President Igor DODON (since 23 December 2016)
head of government: Prime Minister Pavel FILIP (since 20 January 2016)
cabinet: Cabinet proposed by the prime minister-designate, nominated by the president, approved through a vote of confidence in Parliament
elections/appointments: president directly elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 13 November 2016 (next to be held in fall 2020); prime minister designated by the president upon consultation with Parliament; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence for his/her proposed work program from the Parliament
election results: Igor DODON elected president; percent of vote - Igor DODON (PSRM) 52.2%, Maia SANDU (PAS) 47.8%; Pavel FILIP (PDM) designated prime minister; Parliament vote - 57 of 101
description: unicameral Parliament (101 seats; members directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)
elections: last held on 30 November 2014 (next to be held in November 2018)
election results: percent of vote by party - PSRM 20.5%, PLDM 20.2%, PCRM 17.5%, PDM 15.8%, PL 9.7%, other 16.3%; seats by party - PSRM 25, PLDM 23, PCRM 21, PDM 19, PL 13
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief judge, 3 deputy-chief judges, 45 judges, and 7 assistant judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 6 judges); note - the Constitutional Court is autonomous to the other branches of government; the Court interprets the Constitution and reviews the constitutionality of parliamentary laws and decisions, decrees of the president, and acts of the government
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court of Justice judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistracy (an 11-member body of judicial officials); all judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed 2 each by Parliament, the Moldovan president, and the Higher Council of Magistracy; court president elected by other court judges for a 3-year term; other judges appointed for 6-year terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Court of Business Audit; municipal courts
represented in Parliament:
Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN]
Democratic Party of Moldova or PDM [Vladimir PLAHOTNIUC]
European People’s Party of Moldova or EPPM [Iurie LEANCA]
Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova or PLDM [Viorel CIBOTARU]
Liberal Party or PL [Mihai GHIMPU]
Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PSRM [Zinaida GRECEANII]
not represented in Parliament, participated in recent elections (2014-2016):
Action and Solidarity Party or PAS [Maia SANDU]
Anti-Mafia Movement or MPA [Sergiu MOCANU]
Centrist Union of Moldova or UCM [Mihai PETRACHE]
Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]
Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA]
Democracy at Home Party or PPDA [Vasile COSTIUC]
Democratic Action Party or PAD [Mihai GODEA]
Dignity and Truth Platform or PDA [Andrei NASTASE]
Ecologist Green Party or PVE [Anatolie PROHNITCHI]
European People’s Party of Moldova or EPPM [Iurie LEANCA]
Law and Justice Party or PLD [Nicolae ALEXEI]
"Motherland" Party or PP [Emilian CIOTU]
National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]
Our Home Moldova or PCNM [Grigore PETRENCO]
Our Party or PN [Renato USATII]
People’s Party of Moldova or PPRM [Alexandru OLEINIC]
Regions Party of Moldova or PRM [Alexandr KALININ]
“Right” Party or PD [Ana GUTU]
Shor Party or PS [Ilan SHOR]
Socialist People’s Party of Moldova or PPSM [Victor STEPANIUC]
NA
BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CIS, EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador Tatiana SOLOMON
chancery: 2101 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 667-1130
FAX: [1] (202) 667-1204
chief of mission: Ambassador James D. PETTIT (since 30 January 2015)
embassy: 103 Mateevici Street, Chisinau MD-2009
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [373] (22) 40-8300
FAX: [373] (22) 23-3044
three equal vertical bands of Prussian blue (hoist side), chrome yellow, and vermilion red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of dark gold (brown) outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized aurochs head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow; based on the color scheme of the flag of Romania - with which Moldova shares a history and culture - but Moldova's blue band is lighter; the reverse of the flag displays a mirrored image of the coat of arms
note: one of only three national flags that differ on their obverse and reverse sides - the others are Paraguay and Saudi Arabia
aurochs (a type of wild cattle); national colors: blue, yellow, red
name: "Limba noastra" (Our Language)
lyrics/music: Alexei MATEEVICI/Alexandru CRISTEA
note: adopted 1994
Economy :: MOLDOVA
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Despite recent progress, Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. With a moderate climate and productive farmland, Moldova's economy relies heavily on its agriculture sector, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova also depends on annual remittances of about $1.12 billion from the roughly one million Moldovans working in Europe, Russia, and other former Soviet Bloc countries.
With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by a more than $5 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom, largely the result of unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the breakaway region of Transnistria. Moldova and Romania inaugurated the Ungheni-Iasi natural gas interconnector project in August 2014. The 43-kilometer pipeline between Moldova and Romania, allows for both the import and export of natural gas. Several technical and regulatory delays kept gas from flowing into Moldova until March 2015. Romanian gas exports to Moldova are largely symbolic. Moldova hopes to build a pipeline connecting Ungheni to Chisinau, bringing the gas to Moldovan population centers.
The government's stated goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. Moldova experienced better than expected economic growth in 2014 due to increased agriculture production, to economic policies adopted by the Moldovan government since 2009, and to the receipt of EU trade preferences. During fall 2014, Moldova signed an Association Agreement and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU, connecting Moldovan products to the world’s largest market. Still, a $1 billion asset-stripping heist of Moldovan banks in late 2014 delivered a significant shock to the economy in 2015; a subsequent bank bailout increased inflationary pressures and contributed to the depreciation of the leu. Moldova’s growth has also been hampered by endemic corruption and a Russian import ban on Moldova’s agricultural products. The government’s push to restore stability and implement meaningful reform led to the approval of a $179 million three-year IMF program focused on improving the banking and fiscal environments.
Over the longer term, Moldova's economy remains vulnerable to corruption, political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, higher fuel prices, Russian political and economic pressure, and unresolved separatism in Moldova's Transnistria region.
$18.96 billion (2016 est.)
$17.96 billion (2015 est.)
$17.84 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 148
$6.773 billion (2016 est.)
4.3% (2016 est.)
-0.4% (2015 est.)
4.8% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
$5,300 (2016 est.)
$5,100 (2015 est.)
$5,100 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 169
18.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
18% of GDP (2015 est.)
20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
household consumption: 86.7%
government consumption: 19%
investment in fixed capital: 22.3%
investment in inventories: 0.1%
exports of goods and services: 43.6%
imports of goods and services: -71.8% (2016 est.)
agriculture: 14.3%
industry: 20.9%
services: 64.8% (2016 est.)
vegetables, fruits, grapes, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, tobacco; beef, milk; wine
sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles
2% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
1.273 million (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
agriculture: 33.7%
industry: 12.1%
services: 54.2% (2016 est.)
4.2% (2016 est.)
4.9% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
20.8% (2013 est.)
lowest 10%: 4.2%
highest 10%: 22.1% (2014 est.)
26.8 (2015 est.)
26.8 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
revenues: $2.306 billion
expenditures: $2.431 billion
note: National Public Budget (2016 est.)
34.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
-1.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
43.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
44.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
calendar year
6.4% (2016 est.)
9.7% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
9% (31 December 2016)
19.5% (31 December 2015)
note: this is the basic rate on short-term operations
country comparison to the world: 36
14.28% (31 December 2016 est.)
14.15% (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
$1.406 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$1.199 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
$3.529 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$3.256 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
$1.942 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$2.191 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
$9.723 million (31 December 2014 est.)
$50.47 million (31 December 2014 est.)
$65.29 million (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
$-258 million (2016 est.)
$-414.8 million (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
$1.547 billion (2016 est.)
$1.507 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 146
foodstuffs, textiles, machinery
Romania 25.5%, Russia 11.6%, Italy 9.9%, Germany 6.3%, UK 5.7%, Belarus 5.2% (2016)
$3.604 billion (2016 est.)
$3.595 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles
Romania 13.7%, Russia 13.3%, China 9.8%, Ukraine 9.5%, Germany 7.9%, Italy 7%, Turkey 6.8% (2016)
$2.206 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$1.757 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115
$6.138 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$6.338 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
$3.581 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$3.466 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
$206.1 million (31 December 2016)
$197.1 million (31 December 2015)
country comparison to the world: 99
Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar -
19.924 (2016 est.)
19.924 (2015 est.)
19.83 (2014 est.)
14.036 (2013 est.)
12.11 (2012 est.)
Energy :: MOLDOVA
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electrification - total population: 100% (2016)
5.741 billion kWh (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 117
4.611 billion kWh (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
0 kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 165
18 million kWh (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
483,000 kW
note: excludes Transnistria (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
85.7% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
13.3% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
1.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
0 bbl/day (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 165
0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
20 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
0 bbl (1 January 2017 es)
country comparison to the world: 162
262 bbl/day (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
15,570 bbl/day (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
261 bbl/day (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 117
15,560 bbl/day (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
10 million cu m (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
3.48 billion cu m
note: excludes breakaway Transnistria (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
0 cu m (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
2.72 billion cu m
note: excludes breakaway Transnistria (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
0 cu m (42370 est.)
country comparison to the world: 166
4.976 million Mt (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
Communications :: MOLDOVA
-
total subscriptions: 1,171,287
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
total: 3,788,490
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
general assessment: the mobile market has extended the reach of service to outside the cities and across most of the country
domestic: competition among mobile telephone providers has spurred subscriptions; little interest in expanding fixed-line service; mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 105 per 100 persons
international: country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - at least 3 (Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik) (2016)
state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 1 TV and 1 radio station; a total of nearly 70 terrestrial TV channels and some 50 radio stations are in operation; Russian and Romanian channels also are available (2017)
.md
total: 2,492,444
percent of population: 71.0% (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
Transportation :: MOLDOVA
-
number of registered air carriers: 3
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 12
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,005,942
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 489,630 mt-km (2015)
ER (2016)
7 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 169
total: 5
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2017)
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
gas 1,916 km (2014)
total: 1,171 km
broad gauge: 1,157 km 1.520-m gauge
standard gauge: 14 km 1.435-m gauge (2014)
country comparison to the world: 87
total: 9,352 km
paved: 8,835 km
unpaved: 517 km (2012)
country comparison to the world: 138
558 km (in public use on Danube, Dniester and Prut Rivers) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 82
total: 172
by type: bulk carrier 5, container ship 2, general cargo 130, oil tanker 8, other 27 (2017)
country comparison to the world: 67
Military and Security :: MOLDOVA
-
0.44% of GDP (2016)
0.35% of GDP (2015)
0.35% of GDP (2014)
0.33% of GDP (2013)
0.33% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 128
National Army: Land Forces Command, Air Forces Command (includes air defense unit); Carabinieri Troops: a component of the Ministry of Internal Affairs that also has official status as a service of the Armed Forces during wartime (2017)
18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 1-year service obligation (2016)
Transnational Issues :: MOLDOVA
-
Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor the transit of people and commodities through Moldova's break-away Transnistria region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops
refugees (country of origin): 6,779 applicants for forms of legal stay other than asylum (Ukraine) (2015)
stateless persons: 4,776 (2016)
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity
