EP0020217A1 - Method of making a gaseous medium opaque in the optical and infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum - Google Patents
Method of making a gaseous medium opaque in the optical and infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum Download PDFInfo
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- EP0020217A1 EP0020217A1 EP80400647A EP80400647A EP0020217A1 EP 0020217 A1 EP0020217 A1 EP 0020217A1 EP 80400647 A EP80400647 A EP 80400647A EP 80400647 A EP80400647 A EP 80400647A EP 0020217 A1 EP0020217 A1 EP 0020217A1
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- Prior art keywords
- aerosol
- optical
- diffusing
- gaseous medium
- water
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
- F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
- F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
- F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
- Y10S149/117—Smoke or weather composition contains resin
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for clouding a gaseous medium in the optical and infrared (I.R.) bands of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves; it also relates to the application of this method to an electro-optical countermeasures device.
- I.R. optical and infrared
- Certain modern weapons systems are particularly effective against relatively sensitive objectives, such as tanks, aircraft, ships, shelters, etc. These weapons systems use projectiles or missiles equipped with electro-optical means of guidance or autoguiding which exploit the energy of the thermal or optical radiation coming from the aimed objective, also called target in what follows. These electromagnetic radiations are: either emitted directly by the target itself, and more precisely by its propulsion system, or that they result indirectly from the diffusion by the target of a natural light or an illumination intentional.
- the aim is to create a reflecting and / or absorbing medium, with a view to producing, generally, in the form of a cloud, a protective screen behind which the target to be protected can remain or evolve; according to the passive technique, it is also necessary to cite the implementation, on board the target, of specific means making it possible to reduce the level of radiation emitted, in particular, by the propulsion unit or any other hot source.
- the invention also provides means for jointly dispersing, in the atmosphere, sorting boron chloride and water stored separately in one or more containers.
- measuring equipment has been placed to detect, process and view the echo signals backscattered by the propagation medium (atmosphere) and the target.
- the main parameters such as the power radiated by the laser illuminator, the sensitivity of the measurement equipment, were adjusted so as to obtain a target echo whose signal / noise ratio is Student.
- a container containing BCe 3 was placed between points A and B of the field.
- a container is deposited in which the aerosol is stored in liquid or gaseous form, this container comprising a diffusion nozzle equipped with an opening means which can be operated manually or remotely automatically, for example, under the action of a signal supplied by an alert receiver.
- the container containing the aerosol is launched by the target itself or by bana means read; the container then constitutes a projectile the active charge of which is the aerosol; this projectile is equipped, for example, with a temperate, proximity or impact rocket making it possible to trigger an appropriate pyrotechnic or mechanical device which causes the release of the aerosol at the chosen point of the atmosphere and its subsequent diffusion .
- the aerosol is contained in a bomb equipped with a braking parachute and an opening means.
- a device for simultaneously diffusing the aerosol and water essentially comprises the following elements: a first reservoir containing the aerosol in a liquid or gaseous form and a second reservoir containing water, each reservoir is provided with a conduit fitted with an opening valve, the outputs of these conduits are connected to a common diffuser.
- the latter is kept under pressure by means of an auxiliary tank containing a gas under pressure or pyrotechnically pressurized.
- the pressure supplied by the auxiliary gas reservoir can be applied to the first reservoir containing the aerosol.
- these two products are enclosed in two compartments of a single container and means, for example, pyrotechnic means, ensure the rupture of the compartments and the joint release of the two products and their dispersion under the effect of the heat flow resulting from the operation of the pyrotechnic charge.
- the nozzle of a. propellant and the gas jet which escape therefrom are a source of radiation whose energy is exploited by the electrooptic self-guiding means of tactical missiles. If one or a plurality of diffusers supplied by a source of boron trichloride are present at the periphery of the nozzle of the propellant, there is produced, at the outlet of this nozzle, a medium capable of very considerably reducing the thermal radiation of the propellant.
- the flow rate of the boron trichloride source can be controlled by an alert detector which detects the approach of an offensive tactical missile, by a program or manually by the pilot.
- the method can be used in conjunction with active means such as emissive lures.
- active means such as emissive lures.
- the invention finds its application in an electro-optical countermeasuring device comprising means for diffusing boron trichloride alone or simultaneously with water; these bodies can be contained in separate containers or in watertight compartments of a single container such as the interior of a projectile.
- the release of boron trichloride and, optionally, of water if necessary, can be ensured by pyrotechnic means arranged outside the containers.
- the diffusion means can be constituted by diffusers arranged in the vicinity of the nozzle of this propellant.
- An electro-optical countermeasures device implementing the opacification method according to the invention makes it possible to ensure: the punctual protection of a target, the camouflage of an extended group of objectives, the reduction of the radiation from a heat source, including the level of radiation from a vehicle's propulsion system.
Abstract
Procédé permettant d'opacifier un milieu gazeux transparent aux rayonnements optiques et thermiques. Procédé caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à diffuser dans le milieu, par exemple l'atmosphère, un aérosol (5) tel que le trichlorure de bore (BCI3). L'invention trouve application dans le domaine des contre-mesures électrooptiques.Process for opacifying a gaseous medium transparent to optical and thermal radiation. Process characterized in that it consists in diffusing into the medium, for example the atmosphere, an aerosol (5) such as boron trichloride (BCI3). The invention finds application in the field of electrooptical countermeasures.
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé d'opacification d'un milieu gazeux dans les bandes optiques et infrarouges (I.R.) du spectre des ondes électromagnétiques ; elle concerne également l'application de ce procédé à un dispositif de contre-mesures électrooptiques.The invention relates to a method for clouding a gaseous medium in the optical and infrared (I.R.) bands of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves; it also relates to the application of this method to an electro-optical countermeasures device.
Certains systèmes d'armes modernes sont particulièrement efficaces contre des objectifs relativement sensibles, tels que des chars, des aéronefs, des navires, des abris, etc... Ces systèmes d'armes utilisent des projectiles ou missiles équipés de moyens électro-optiques de guidage ou d'autoguidage qui exploitent l'énergie du rayonnement thermique ou optique en provenance de l'objectif visé, encore appelé cible dans ce qui suit. Ces rayonnements de nature électromagnétique sont : soit émis directement par la cible elle-même, et plus précisément par son système de propulsion, soit qu'ils résultent indirectement de la-diffusion par la cible d'un éclairement naturel ou encore d'une illumination intentionnelle.Certain modern weapons systems are particularly effective against relatively sensitive objectives, such as tanks, aircraft, ships, shelters, etc. These weapons systems use projectiles or missiles equipped with electro-optical means of guidance or autoguiding which exploit the energy of the thermal or optical radiation coming from the aimed objective, also called target in what follows. These electromagnetic radiations are: either emitted directly by the target itself, and more precisely by its propulsion system, or that they result indirectly from the diffusion by the target of a natural light or an illumination intentional.
D'autres systèmes d'armes utilisent des dispositifs de visée électrooptiques permettant de détecter et de localiser une cible par son rayonnement naturel situé dans la bande I.R. (8 - 13 µm), par exemple, cette localisation de la cible permet de déclancher le tir d'armes du type balistique ou guidé.Other weapon systems use electrooptical aiming devices making it possible to detect and locate a target by its natural radiation located in the IR band (8 - 13 µ m ), for example, this localization of the target makes it possible to trigger the ballistic or guided fire.
Pour parer la menace que constituent les systèmes d'armes électrooptiques, différents procédés ou moyens capables de décevoir les dispositifs de visée, de mesure et de guidage de ces systèmes d'armes sont déjà connus et sont classés selon deux techniques de contre-mesure, l'une dite "active" et l'autre "passive" . Selon la technique des contre-mesures actives, on émet intentionnellement un rayonnement électromagnétique situé dans la bande de fonctionnement du système d'armes, dans le but notamment d'aveugler, de brouiller ou de leurrer le système. Selon la technique des contre-mesures passives, on vise à créer un milieu réfléchissant et/ou absorbant, en vue de réaliser, généralement, sous la forme d'un nuage, un écran protecteur derrière lequel la cible à protéger peut demeurer ou évoluer ; selon la technique passive, il faut aussi citer la mise en oeuvre, à bord de la cible, de moyens spécifiques permettant de réduire le niveau de rayonnement émis, notamment, par le groupe de propulsion ou toute autre source chaude.To counter the threat posed by electro-optical weapon systems, various methods or means capable of deceiving the aiming, measuring and guiding devices of these weapon systems are already known and are classified according to two countermeasuring techniques, one called "active" and the other "passive". According to the technique of active countermeasures, an electromagnetic radiation located in the operating band of the weapon system is intentionally emitted, in particular for the purpose of blinding, jamming or deluding the system. According to the technique of passive countermeasures, the aim is to create a reflecting and / or absorbing medium, with a view to producing, generally, in the form of a cloud, a protective screen behind which the target to be protected can remain or evolve; according to the passive technique, it is also necessary to cite the implementation, on board the target, of specific means making it possible to reduce the level of radiation emitted, in particular, by the propulsion unit or any other hot source.
Dans la technique antérieure, se rapportant aux contre-mesures passives, on a déjà proposé des procédés permettant de créer des "nuages" formés de particules extrêmement fines. Par exemple, on a utilisé le procédé d'expansion, par diffusion gazeuse pour créer des nuages formés de microparticules métalliques, de formes et de dimensions déterminées, possédant la propriété de réfléchir ou de diffuser un rayonnement électromagnétique incident. Dans une autre voie, on a cherché à créer des nuages formés de particules non métalliques, de formes et de dimensions déterminées, celles-ci présentant la propriété d'absorber le rayonnement électromagnétique incident.In the prior art, relating to passive countermeasures, methods have already been proposed for creating "clouds" formed of extremely fine particles. For example, the process of expansion, by gas diffusion, has been used to create clouds formed of metallic microparticles, of determined shapes and dimensions, having the property of reflecting or diffusing incident electromagnetic radiation. In another way, attempts have been made to create clouds formed of non-metallic particles, of determined shapes and dimensions, these having the property of absorbing the incident electromagnetic radiation.
La Demanderesse a entrepris des recherches pour trouver de nouveaux corps qui pourraient produire des écrans opaques aux rayonnements optiques et thermiques. Au cours de ces recherches, la Demanderesse a découvert que, lorsque l'on disperse dans l'atmosphère un aérosol liquide ou gazeux comme le trichlorure de bore (BCℓ3), il se produisait un "nuage" qui possède la propriété d'atténuer fortement les rayonnements optiques et I.R. Au cours d'essais effectués par la Demanderesse, le pouvoir d'absorption du nouveau produit ainsi créé a été mesuré et divers moyens permettant de diffuser du BCt3 dans l'atmosphère ont été expérimentés et mis au point. On rappelle que le trichlorure de bore est un produit obtenu industriellement et disponible commercialement ; à la pression atmosphérique, il se présente à l'état liquide, entre -107°C et 12,5°C , sa densité se situant sensiblement à la valeur 1,4. On a réalisé différents moyens de diffusion du BCℓ3 , notamment, des moyens permettant de diffuser, de façon continue, le BCℓ3 dans l'atmosphère, dans le but d'entretenir le nuage absorbant ainsi formé et des moyens permettant de créer quasi-instantanément un nuage absorbant dont la durée de vie est plus limitée. Au cours d'essais, on a constaté qu'un accroissement du taux d'humidité de l'atmosphère avait tendance à augmenter la valeur du facteur d'atténuation du nuage. On suppose que le trichlorure de bore diffusé dans l'atmosphère est hydrolisé par la vapeur d'eau en suspension, selon la formule. :
L'invention propose aussi des moyens permettant de disperser conjointement, dans l'atmosphère, du trichlorure de bore et de l'eau emmagasinés, séparément, dans un ou plusieurs récipients.The invention also provides means for jointly dispersing, in the atmosphere, sorting boron chloride and water stored separately in one or more containers.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages procurés par l'invention apparaîtront dans la description qui va suivre qui donne en outre des applications de l'invention aux contre-mesures électrooptiques.Other characteristics and advantages provided by the invention will appear in the description which follows which also gives applications of the invention to electrooptical countermeasures.
On décrira d'abord les conditions de mise en oeuvre d'essais effectués sur le terrain et au niveau du sol, dans le but de vérifier en grandeur réelle les propriétés et les caractéristiques du nuage absorbant formé par la dispersion d'une certaine quantité de BCℓ3 dans l'atmosphère ambiante.We will first describe the conditions for carrying out tests carried out on the ground and at ground level, with the aim of verifying in real size the properties and characteristics of the absorbent cloud formed by the dispersion of a certain amount of BCℓ 3 in the ambient atmosphere.
En un point A du terrain, on a placé une source optique, constituée par un illuminateur laser, opérant en régime d'impulsions sur une longueur d'onde λ= 1,06µm, cet illuminateur laser étant pointé sur une cible située en un point B éloigné du point A . A proximité du point A, on a placé un équipement de mesure permettant de détecter, de traiter et de visua-, liser les signaux échos rétrodiffusés par le milieu de propagation (atmosphère) et la cible. Lors de la phase initiale de ces essais, les principaux paramètres tels que la puissance rayonnée par l'illuminateur laser, la sensibilité de l'équipement de mesure, ont été réglés de façon à obtenir un écho de cible dont le rapport signal/bruit soit élevé. Par la suite,on a placé entre les points A et B du terrain un récipient contenant du BCe3. Dès l'ouverture de l'orifice de ce récipient, on a constitué une extinction complète du signal écho correspondant à la cible et, par contre, on a noté la présence d'une pluralité de signaux échos rétrodiffusés par le milieu formé par le nuage absorbant résultant de la diffusion du BCℓ3. Les résultats de ces essais indiquent que le nuage absorbant n'est pas homogène et est aussi le siège de concentrations qui évoluent au cours du temps.At a point A in the field, an optical source has been placed, constituted by a laser illuminator, operating in pulse regime on a wavelength λ = 1.06 μm, this laser illuminator being pointed at a target located at a point B away from point A. Near point A, measuring equipment has been placed to detect, process and view the echo signals backscattered by the propagation medium (atmosphere) and the target. During the initial phase of these tests, the main parameters such as the power radiated by the laser illuminator, the sensitivity of the measurement equipment, were adjusted so as to obtain a target echo whose signal / noise ratio is Student. Subsequently, a container containing BCe 3 was placed between points A and B of the field. As soon as the orifice of this container was opened, a complete extinction of the echo signal corresponding to the target was constituted and, on the other hand, the presence of a plurality of retroactive echo signals was noted. rockets by the medium formed by the absorbent cloud resulting from the diffusion of BCℓ 3 . The results of these tests indicate that the absorbent cloud is not homogeneous and is also the seat of concentrations which change over time.
D'autres séries de mesures ont été effectuées en vue d'évaluer, de façon quantitative, le facteur d'atténuation de tels nuages formés par la diffusion de BCℓ3 dans l'atmosphère ambiante. Pour ce faire, on a utilisé des sources de rayonnement capables d'émettre, dans différentes bandes du spectre électromagnétique, et un radiomètre sélectif ; les sources et le radiomètre étant situés de part et d'autre du nuage. Des mesures quantitatives précises s'avèrent délicates étant donné le caractère fluctuant de l'atmosphère. Toutefois, on peut indiquer que, pour un débit de BC13, de l'ordre de 4 g/s, dans le domaine du spectre électromagnétique s'étendant de 0,4 à 15 µm, l'atténuation mesurée était toujours supérieure à 90 %Other series of measurements were carried out in order to evaluate, quantitatively, the attenuation factor of such clouds formed by the diffusion of BCℓ 3 in the ambient atmosphere. To do this, we used radiation sources capable of emitting, in different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, and a selective radiometer; the sources and the radiometer being located on either side of the cloud. Precise quantitative measurements are tricky given the fluctuating nature of the atmosphere. However, it can be indicated that, for a BC1 3 flow rate, of the order of 4 g / s, in the range of the electromagnetic spectrum extending from 0.4 to 15 μm, the attenuation measured was always greater than 90 %
La mise en oeuvre du procédé consistant à disperser l'aérosol dans le milieu de propagation dépend des conditions opérationnelles rencontrées. Dans le cas le plus simple, correspondant à une situation dans laquelle l'objectif à protéger est fixe ou immobile, on dépose un container dans lequel l'aérosol est stocké sous forme liquide, ou gazeuse, ce container comprenant une buse de diffusion équipée d'un moyen d'ouverture qui peut être manoeuvré manuellement ou à distance automatiquement, par exemple, sous l'action d'un signal fourni par un récepteur d'alerte.The implementation of the process consisting in dispersing the aerosol in the propagation medium depends on the operational conditions encountered. In the simplest case, corresponding to a situation in which the objective to be protected is fixed or immobile, a container is deposited in which the aerosol is stored in liquid or gaseous form, this container comprising a diffusion nozzle equipped with an opening means which can be operated manually or remotely automatically, for example, under the action of a signal supplied by an alert receiver.
Dans un autre cas, le récipient contenant l'aérosol est lancé par la cible elle-même ou par un moyen banalisé ; le récipient constitue alors un projectile dont la charge active est l'aérosol ; ce projectile est équi- équipé, par exemple, d'une fusée tempable, de proximité ou d'impact permettant de déclancher un dispositif approprié pyrotechnique ou mécanique qui provoque la libération de l'aérosol au point choisi de l'atmosphère et sa diffusion ultérieure.In another case, the container containing the aerosol is launched by the target itself or by bana means read; the container then constitutes a projectile the active charge of which is the aerosol; this projectile is equipped, for example, with a temperate, proximity or impact rocket making it possible to trigger an appropriate pyrotechnic or mechanical device which causes the release of the aerosol at the chosen point of the atmosphere and its subsequent diffusion .
Selon une autre variante de mise en oeuvre, l'aérosol est contenu dans une bombe équipée d'un parachute de freinage et d'un moyen d'ouverture.According to another implementation variant, the aerosol is contained in a bomb equipped with a braking parachute and an opening means.
En vue d'accroître le facteur d'atténuation du nuage créé par la dispersion du BCP3 dans l'atmosphère, on peut, éventuellement, mettre en oeuvre des moyens permettant de disperser conjointement l'aérosol et de l'eau.In order to increase the attenuation factor of the cloud created by the dispersion of BCP 3 in the atmosphere, it is possible, if necessary, to employ means making it possible to jointly disperse the aerosol and water.
Un dispositif permettant de diffuser simultanément l'aérosol et de l'eau comporte essentiellement les éléments suivants : un premier réservoir contenant l'aérosol sous une forme liquide ou gazeuse et un second réservoir contenant de l'eau, chaque réservoir est muni d'un conduit équipé d'une vanne d'ouverture, les sorties de ces conduits sont reliées à un diffuseur commun. Afin d'assurer l'éjection de l'eau contenue dans le second réservoir, celui-ci est maintenu sous pression par l'intermédiaire d'un réservoir auxiliaire contenant un gaz sous pression ou mis en pression pyrotech- niquement. Eventuellement, lorsque les conditions de température sont telles que la température de l'aérosol se trouve être inférieure à sa température de vaporisation, la pression fournie par le réservoir de gaz auxiliaire peut être appliquée au premier réservoir renfermant l'aérosol.A device for simultaneously diffusing the aerosol and water essentially comprises the following elements: a first reservoir containing the aerosol in a liquid or gaseous form and a second reservoir containing water, each reservoir is provided with a conduit fitted with an opening valve, the outputs of these conduits are connected to a common diffuser. In order to eject the water contained in the second tank, the latter is kept under pressure by means of an auxiliary tank containing a gas under pressure or pyrotechnically pressurized. Optionally, when the temperature conditions are such that the aerosol temperature is found to be lower than its vaporization temperature, the pressure supplied by the auxiliary gas reservoir can be applied to the first reservoir containing the aerosol.
Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé de dispersion de l'aérosol et d'eau, ces deux produits sont enfermés dans deux compartiments d'un récipient unique et des moyens, par exemple, des moyens pyrotechniques, assurent la rupture des compartiments et la libération conjointe des deux produits et leur dispersion sous l'effet du flux de chaleur résultant du fonctionnement de la charge pyrotechnique.According to another embodiment of the process for dispersing the aerosol and water, these two products are enclosed in two compartments of a single container and means, for example, pyrotechnic means, ensure the rupture of the compartments and the joint release of the two products and their dispersion under the effect of the heat flow resulting from the operation of the pyrotechnic charge.
On décrira maintenant une application du procédé au camouflage de la tuyère d'échappement d'un système de propulsion pour aéronef ou missile. Il est connu que la tuyère d'un. propulseur et le jet de gaz qui s'en échappent sont une source de rayonnement dont l'énergie est exploitée par les moyens d'auto-guidage électrooptique des missiles tactiques. Si l'on dispose, à la périphérie de la tuyère du propulseur, un ou une pluralité de diffuseurs alimentés par une source de trichlorure de bore, il se produit, à la sortie de cette tuyère , un milieu susceptible d'atténuer très notablement le rayonnement thermique du propulseur. Le débit de la source de trichlorure de bore peut être commandé par un détecteur d'alerte qui décèle l'approche d'un missile tactique offensif, par un programme ou manuellement par le pilote.We will now describe an application of the process for camouflaging the exhaust nozzle of a propulsion system for an aircraft or missile. It is known that the nozzle of a. propellant and the gas jet which escape therefrom are a source of radiation whose energy is exploited by the electrooptic self-guiding means of tactical missiles. If one or a plurality of diffusers supplied by a source of boron trichloride are present at the periphery of the nozzle of the propellant, there is produced, at the outlet of this nozzle, a medium capable of very considerably reducing the thermal radiation of the propellant. The flow rate of the boron trichloride source can be controlled by an alert detector which detects the approach of an offensive tactical missile, by a program or manually by the pilot.
Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de mise en oeuvre décrits à titre illustratif ; par exemple, on peut interchanger la position relative des deux produits, l'aérosol et l'eau.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the modes of implementation described by way of illustration; for example, the relative position of the two products, aerosol and water, can be interchanged.
Le procédé peut être utilisé conjointement avec des moyens actifs tels que des leurres émissifs. D'autre part, il est possible de disposer une pluralité de dispositifs de dispersion du BC<' dans le but de soustraire à la "vue" de l'adversaire une unité d'infanterie, de blindés, etc... souhaitant opérer un déplacement sur le terrain.The method can be used in conjunction with active means such as emissive lures. On the other hand, it is possible to have a plurality of BC <' dispersal devices in order to remove an infantry unit from the "view" of the opponent, of armored vehicles, etc ... wishing to operate a movement on the ground.
Les avantages que procure l'invention apparaissent maintenant plus clairement : la mise en oeuvre du procédé ne soulève pas de difficultés particulières, le trichlorure de bore est un produit stockable, sa pression de vapeur n'atteint pas des valeurs importantes dans le domaine des températures usuellement rencontrées. On peut encore rappeler une caractéristique spécifique du nuage BCℓ3; comme il a été indiqué dans le cours de la description, les inhomogé- néités du milieu absorbant donnent naissance à des signaux de rétrodiffusion qui sont susceptibles de leurrer les moyens de guidage électrooptiques du type actif ou semi-actif. Le procédé présente aussi l'avantage de permettre d'obtenir une large plage de la durée de vie du nuage, en agissant sur les moyens de dispersion du ou des produits.The advantages of the invention now appear more clearly: the implementation of the process does not raise any particular difficulties, boron trichloride is a storable product, its vapor pressure does not reach significant values in the field of temperatures. usually encountered. We can also recall a specific characteristic of the BCℓ 3 cloud; as indicated in the course of the description, the inhomogeneities of the absorbent medium give rise to backscattering signals which are capable of deceiving the electrooptic guide means of the active or semi-active type. The method also has the advantage of making it possible to obtain a wide range of the lifetime of the cloud, by acting on the means for dispersing the product or products.
L'invention trouve son application dans un dispositif de contre-mesures électrooptiques comportant des moyens de diffusion du trichlorure de bore seul ou simultanément avec de l'eau ; ces corps peuvent être contenus dans des récipients séparés ou dans des compartiments étanches d'un récipient unique tel que l'intérieur d'un projectile. La libération du trichlorure de bore et, éventuellement, de l'eau si nécessaire, peut être assurée par des moyens pyrotechniques disposés à l'extérieur des récipients. Dans un dispositif réalisé en vue de réduire la puissance du rayonnement thermique émis par un propulseur, les moyens de diffusion peuvent être consitués par des diffuseurs disposés au voisinage de la tuyère de ce propulseur.The invention finds its application in an electro-optical countermeasuring device comprising means for diffusing boron trichloride alone or simultaneously with water; these bodies can be contained in separate containers or in watertight compartments of a single container such as the interior of a projectile. The release of boron trichloride and, optionally, of water if necessary, can be ensured by pyrotechnic means arranged outside the containers. In a device produced with a view to reducing the power of the thermal radiation emitted by a propellant, the diffusion means can be constituted by diffusers arranged in the vicinity of the nozzle of this propellant.
Un dispositif de contre-mesures électrooptiques mettant en oeuvre le procédé d'opacification, selon l'invention, permet d'assurer : la protection ponctuelle d'une cible, le camouflage d'un groupe d'objectifs étendu, la réduction du niveau de rayonnement d'une source de chaleur, notamment le niveau de rayonnement du système de propulsion d'un véhicule.An electro-optical countermeasures device implementing the opacification method according to the invention makes it possible to ensure: the punctual protection of a target, the camouflage of an extended group of objectives, the reduction of the radiation from a heat source, including the level of radiation from a vehicle's propulsion system.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT80400647T ATE6174T1 (en) | 1979-05-23 | 1980-05-12 | METHOD OF OPAQUETING A GASEOUS MEDIUM IN THE OPTICAL AND INFARED REGIONS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7913195A FR2457474A1 (en) | 1979-05-23 | 1979-05-23 | METHOD OF OPACIFYING A GAS MEDIUM IN THE OPTICAL AND INFRARED BANDS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM, AND ITS APPLICATION TO AN ELECTROOPTIC COUNTERMEASURING DEVICE |
| FR7913195 | 1979-05-23 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0020217A1 true EP0020217A1 (en) | 1980-12-10 |
| EP0020217B1 EP0020217B1 (en) | 1984-02-08 |
| EP0020217B2 EP0020217B2 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
Family
ID=9225807
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80400647A Expired - Lifetime EP0020217B2 (en) | 1979-05-23 | 1980-05-12 | Method of making a gaseous medium opaque in the optical and infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4328117A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0020217B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55165500A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR221939A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE6174T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8003148A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1147545A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3066473D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK151060C (en) |
| EG (1) | EG14065A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8103834A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI801536A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2457474A1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR68437B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL60130A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO147350C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT71291A (en) |
| TR (1) | TR21717A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU134580A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA802997B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2158061A (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1985-11-06 | France Etat | Smoke generating pyrotechnic composition |
| FR2573858A1 (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1986-05-30 | Lacroix E Tous Artifices | Method and device for masking a target such as a tank using smoke- producing material |
| US5301009A (en) * | 1983-04-28 | 1994-04-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Frustrated total internal reflection optical power limiter |
| EP0602481A1 (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1994-06-22 | DORNIER GmbH | Infrared decoy having an adapted spectrum |
| FR2705168A1 (en) * | 1987-02-19 | 1994-11-18 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Method for hiding fixed or moving targets |
| FR2709175A1 (en) * | 1982-08-12 | 1995-02-24 | Bertin & Cie | Method of masking the infra-red signature of a heat source and devices for implementing the method |
| FR2709541A1 (en) * | 1983-08-01 | 1995-03-10 | Lacroix E Tous Artifices | Improvements to devices for masking a target using a smoke producing material, and masking method |
| EP1588996A3 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2012-10-03 | Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG | Procédé et dispositif pour produire un radiateur à infrarouge pour surfaces planes |
| WO2022123218A1 (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-16 | Bae Systems Plc | Countermeasure device |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2529318A1 (en) * | 1982-06-25 | 1983-12-30 | Thomson Brandt | Smoke shell with disperser - with container having circumferential groove for rupturing upon firing explosive charge. |
| DE4444670B4 (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 2006-06-14 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Marine decoy |
| US7624666B1 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2009-12-01 | Raytheon Company | Obscuration method for reducing the infrared signature of an object |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3992628A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1976-11-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Countermeasure system for laser radiation |
| FR2309828A1 (en) * | 1975-01-29 | 1976-11-26 | Lacroix E | BASIC EMISSION LURE AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE |
| DE2509539A1 (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1976-12-23 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Single or multiple component ejector for artificial cloud - has generating materials ejected by compression for mixing to form cloud after ejection |
| FR2421363A1 (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1979-10-26 | Magnusson Arnold | RADIATION TRANSMISSION MITIGATION AEROSOL, ESPECIALLY INFRARED RADIATION |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2995526A (en) * | 1951-07-27 | 1961-08-08 | Ment Jack De | Composition for smoke production |
| US2839567A (en) * | 1954-06-14 | 1958-06-17 | Monsanto Chemicals | 3-formyl-3alpha-methyl-6-(beta-carboxyethyl)-7-keto-delta2, 5alpha(6)-octahydropentanthrene ester |
| DE1153330B (en) * | 1957-05-24 | 1963-08-22 | Motan G M B H | Cloud chamber |
| US4484195A (en) * | 1960-06-10 | 1984-11-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of screening infra-red radiation |
| US3239960A (en) * | 1962-12-03 | 1966-03-15 | Curtis Dyna Prod Corp | Apparatus for dispersing liquids in a spray or fog |
-
1979
- 1979-05-23 FR FR7913195A patent/FR2457474A1/en active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-05-12 AT AT80400647T patent/ATE6174T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-12 EP EP80400647A patent/EP0020217B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-05-12 FI FI801536A patent/FI801536A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-05-12 DE DE8080400647T patent/DE3066473D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-20 YU YU01345/80A patent/YU134580A/en unknown
- 1980-05-20 US US06/151,590 patent/US4328117A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-05-20 IL IL60130A patent/IL60130A/en unknown
- 1980-05-20 BR BR8003148A patent/BR8003148A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-20 EG EG315/80A patent/EG14065A/en active
- 1980-05-20 ZA ZA00802997A patent/ZA802997B/en unknown
- 1980-05-20 ES ES491624A patent/ES8103834A1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-22 DK DK223980A patent/DK151060C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-22 CA CA000352515A patent/CA1147545A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-22 TR TR21717A patent/TR21717A/en unknown
- 1980-05-22 GR GR62028A patent/GR68437B/el unknown
- 1980-05-22 PT PT71291A patent/PT71291A/en unknown
- 1980-05-22 NO NO801539A patent/NO147350C/en unknown
- 1980-05-23 AR AR281171A patent/AR221939A1/en active
- 1980-05-23 JP JP6881480A patent/JPS55165500A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3992628A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1976-11-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Countermeasure system for laser radiation |
| FR2309828A1 (en) * | 1975-01-29 | 1976-11-26 | Lacroix E | BASIC EMISSION LURE AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE |
| DE2509539A1 (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1976-12-23 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Single or multiple component ejector for artificial cloud - has generating materials ejected by compression for mixing to form cloud after ejection |
| FR2421363A1 (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1979-10-26 | Magnusson Arnold | RADIATION TRANSMISSION MITIGATION AEROSOL, ESPECIALLY INFRARED RADIATION |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2573858A1 (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1986-05-30 | Lacroix E Tous Artifices | Method and device for masking a target such as a tank using smoke- producing material |
| GB2158061A (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1985-11-06 | France Etat | Smoke generating pyrotechnic composition |
| FR2709175A1 (en) * | 1982-08-12 | 1995-02-24 | Bertin & Cie | Method of masking the infra-red signature of a heat source and devices for implementing the method |
| US5301009A (en) * | 1983-04-28 | 1994-04-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Frustrated total internal reflection optical power limiter |
| FR2709541A1 (en) * | 1983-08-01 | 1995-03-10 | Lacroix E Tous Artifices | Improvements to devices for masking a target using a smoke producing material, and masking method |
| FR2705168A1 (en) * | 1987-02-19 | 1994-11-18 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Method for hiding fixed or moving targets |
| EP0602481A1 (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1994-06-22 | DORNIER GmbH | Infrared decoy having an adapted spectrum |
| EP1588996A3 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2012-10-03 | Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG | Procédé et dispositif pour produire un radiateur à infrarouge pour surfaces planes |
| WO2022123218A1 (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-16 | Bae Systems Plc | Countermeasure device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2457474B1 (en) | 1982-12-31 |
| ZA802997B (en) | 1981-06-24 |
| DE3066473D1 (en) | 1984-03-15 |
| YU134580A (en) | 1983-02-28 |
| JPS55165500A (en) | 1980-12-23 |
| BR8003148A (en) | 1980-12-23 |
| ES491624A0 (en) | 1981-03-16 |
| ATE6174T1 (en) | 1984-02-15 |
| DK151060C (en) | 1988-03-14 |
| AR221939A1 (en) | 1981-03-31 |
| NO147350C (en) | 1983-03-23 |
| EP0020217B1 (en) | 1984-02-08 |
| DK151060B (en) | 1987-10-19 |
| EP0020217B2 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
| PT71291A (en) | 1980-06-01 |
| EG14065A (en) | 1983-12-31 |
| FI801536A (en) | 1980-11-24 |
| GR68437B (en) | 1981-12-30 |
| DK223980A (en) | 1980-11-24 |
| NO801539L (en) | 1980-11-24 |
| FR2457474A1 (en) | 1980-12-19 |
| ES8103834A1 (en) | 1981-03-16 |
| US4328117A (en) | 1982-05-04 |
| CA1147545A (en) | 1983-06-07 |
| IL60130A (en) | 1983-09-30 |
| NO147350B (en) | 1982-12-13 |
| TR21717A (en) | 1985-04-18 |
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